A case of inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach with an "erect penis like appearance" successfully removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection

Diagnostic and therapeutic review of a rare gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps case with distinctive features: A case report

BACKGROUND

Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) are generally considered as benign and relatively rare mesenchymal gastrointestinal tract tumors. IFPs can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract but are most prevalent in the stomach, particularly in the gastric antrum. With a low incidence in clinical practice and a lack of distinct endoscopic features, the preoperative diagnosis rate of IFP is disappointingly low, often leading to missed diagnoses or misdiagnoses.

CASE SUMMARY

A 43-year-old man, hospitalized with abdominal pain and distension, underwent his first gastroscopy in 2020, which revealed chronic superficial erosive gastritis. From 2021 to 2022, his condition progressed from antral ulcers to a 2.0 cm gastric antrum bulge of an unclear nature. After proton pump inhibitor treatment, the lesion shrank but did not heal completely. Following a thorough assessment using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging, gastric-enhanced computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasonography, endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed on the identified lesion. A subsequent postoperative pathological examination conclusively diagnosed the lesion as an IFP. At 6 months follow-up, no recurrence or metastasis was observed, with good mucosal scar healing.

CONCLUSION

Through using multiple diagnostic and therapeutic test results, an IFP with an unusual morphology could be identified.

Upper abdominal pain in a young female treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection

A previously healthy 39-year-old woman was hospitalized with upper abdominal pain for 1-month duration. A semipedunculated protrusion with smooth surface was found at the gastric angle measuring 2.0 × 2.5-cm by gastroscopy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed a hypoechoic mass originated from the mucosal layer. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a circular pedunculated and slightly low-density mass with mild enhancement in the stomach cavity. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed. Postoperative histopathology examination revealed the tumor was composed of proliferated spindle cells with eosinophil infiltration which were around small blood vessels and mucosal glands arranged in an "onion-skin" appearance. Immunohistochemical analysis of the spindle cells showed CD34 was positive and CD117, S100, DOG-1, SMA, Desmin were negative. The patient was diagnosed as gastric inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) and no symptoms was observed in 12 months follow-up.

The role of endoscopic submucosal dissection in the management of gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps: a single-center experience

BACKGROUND AND AIM

gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps constitute only 0.1 % of all gastric polyps. They are usually amenable to resection by snare polypectomy. However, on rare occasions, these lesions may require resection by endoscopic submucosal dissection. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection in the management of gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps not amenable to resection with snare polypectomy.

METHODS

a retrospective observational study of all consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps between January 2011 and December 2020 was performed.

RESULTS

there were nine cases of gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Most patients were female (7/9) with a mean age of 62.2 years. All gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps were described as solitary antral subepithelial lesions with a mean diameter of 16.7 mm, which appeared well-circumscribed and homogeneous lesions located at muscularis mucosa and submucosa without deeper invasion on endoscopic ultrasound. All lesions were successfully resected by en bloc and complete resection with free margins obtained in 8/9 specimens. Adverse events were reported in 2/9 cases including one intra-procedural bleeding successfully controlled with hemostatic clips and one aspiration pneumonia that evolved favorably. Mean follow-up duration was 33.7 months and no delayed complications or cases of recurrence were reported.

CONCLUSIONS

endoscopic submucosal dissection appears safe and effective for the resection of gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps that present as large subepithelial lesions, if performed by experienced endoscopists after adequate characterization by endoscopic ultrasound, with high rates of technical success and low recurrence rates.

Application Effect of Laparoscopic Myomectomy and Comprehensive Rehabilitation Nursing on Patients with Uterine Fibroids

Background. Uterine fibroids are most common in women aged 30-50 and are the most common benign gynecological tumors. Relevant data suggest that about 25% of patients with uterine fibroids are at childbearing age. Uterine fibroids not only cause the discomfort symptoms, and affect the pregnancy, but also have certain malignant transformation risk, thus needed to be treated positively and promptly. Aim. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of laparoscopic myomectomy and comprehensive rehabilitation nursing on patients with uterine fibroids. Methods. The clinical data of 110 cases of uterine fibroids admitted to our hospital from August 2019 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and they were divided into two groups according to postoperative rehabilitation strategies. Both groups were treated with laparoscopic myomectomy. The A group was treated with routine rehabilitation strategy, while the B group was treated with comprehensive rehabilitation nursing strategy. The differences in operation-related indicators, stress factors, inflammatory factors, nutritional indicators, knowledge mastery, occurrence of adverse symptoms and pain scores, negative emotion scores, nursing satisfaction, and simplified comfort status scale (GCQ) scores between the two groups under nursing strategies were compared. Results. The postoperative exhaust time ( $13.14\pm 2.03$ ) h, bed time ( $9.86\pm 1.94$ ) h, postoperative hospital stay ( $4.37\pm 1.31$ ) d, and total hospital stay ( $6.78\pm 1.69$ ) d in the B group were shorter than those in the A group, and the hospitalization expenses ( $0.74\pm 0.25$ ) million were less than those in the A group ( $P<0.05$ ). Before operation, stress factors, inflammatory factors, and nutritional indexes were compared between the two groups ( $P>0.05$ ). On the 3rd day after operation, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cortisol (Cor), norepinephrine (NE), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the two groups showed a significantly upward trend compared with those before operation, and albumin and transferrin were significantly fell compared with those before operation. However, the values of stress factor and inflammatory factor in the B group were significantly lower than those in the A group, and the values after the decrease of nutritional index were significantly higher than those in the A group ( $P<0.05$ ). The pain scores at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after operation in the B group were significantly lower than those in the A group ( $P<0.05$ ). Negative emotions, nursing satisfaction, and GCQ scores were compared between the two groups before intervention ( $P>0.05$ ). After the intervention, the scores of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) in the two groups were significantly lower than those before the intervention, and the scores of nursing satisfaction and GCQ were higher than those before the intervention. The values of negative emotions in the B group after the decline were significantly lower than those in the A group, while the values of nursing satisfaction and GCQ after the increase were higher than those in the A group ( $P<0.05$ ). The excellent and good rate of knowledge acquisition in the B group was 94.55% (52/55), which was significantly higher than 78.18% (43/55) in the A group ( $P<0.05$ ). The incidence of adverse symptoms in the B group was 9.09% (5/55), which was lower than 21.82% (12/55) in the A group, while the difference was not statistically significant ( $P>0.05$ ). Conclusion. Laparoscopic myomectomy combined with comprehensive rehabilitation nursing can reduce the postoperative stress state of patients with uterine fibroids, improve patient satisfaction, reduce adverse emotions, and promote rehabilitation.

Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Systematic Review for a Benign Tumor

BACKGROUND/AIM

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a rare, usually solitary and intraluminal polypoid benign tumor that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, although in the majority of cases it affects the stomach. This lesion is characterized by proliferation of highly vascular fibrous tissue and infiltration by a variable number of different inflammatory cells. Its etiology is unknown. Our aim was to describe all the reported data concerning IFP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

An extensive search of the PubMed Index was performed for publications with titles or abstracts containing the terms: "inflammatory fibroid polyp" with/without "Vanek". Results were filtered for publications in English and concerning only humans. One hundred and twenty-four publications were finally included in this review.

RESULTS

IFP has a female predominance. It affects patients in their 5th decade of life, although there are cases of patients from 4 to 84 years of age. IFP usually affects the stomach and more specifically the gastric antrum but can be detected throughout the GI tract. A significant number of cases remain asymptomatic but the most frequent presentations of IFP are abdominal pain, acute abdomen and GI bleeding. Most cases are treated by endoscopic resection of the lesion. No recurrence nor IFP-specific complications have been reported. Histopathology of IFP varies.

CONCLUSION

It is relatively safe to conclude that both the etiology and the timing of diagnosis might change the histopathology, immunohistological staining and tissue structure of IFP. Suggested theories should be taken into consideration with caution as the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of IFP are unknown.

Clinical outcomes of cap-assisted endoscopic resection for small rectal subepithelial tumors

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effectiveness and safety of cap-assisted endoscopic resection and the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for managing small rectal subepithelial tumors (SETs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with small rectal SETs≤10mm in diameter were enrolled in this study at our hospital from October 2014 to December 2017. First, EUS was performed to evaluate the lesions. Then, cap-assisted endoscopic resection was performed by suctioning the SET into a transparent cap, ligating with a metal snare and then resecting the tumor. The wound was closed using endoclips if necessary.

RESULTS

Forty patients were enrolled in the study. EUS showed lesions originating from muscularis mucosa or submucosa with an average diameter of 5.4×3.1mm. The en bloc resection rate was 85.0% obtained by cap-assisted endoscopic resection, with a mean total procedure time of 17.6min. No immediate perforation happened. Immediate bleeding occurred in five patients; all cases were managed successfully by endoscopy. No delayed bleeding was observed. Pathology examination showed that 70.0% of the lesions were neuroendocrine tumors (G1). One case of recurrence was seen in follow-up; it was managed successfully by endoscopic submucosal dissection. There was no tumor recurrence in a median follow-up period of 41 months in the remaining 39 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Most small rectal SETs arising from the muscularis mucosa or submucosa are neuroendocrine tumors and require proper treatment. Cap-assisted endoscopic resection is simple, effective and safe for resecting such lesions, and EUS is useful for case screening.

Gastric Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp: A Rare Cause of Occult Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) are rare mesenchymal lesions that can arise throughout the gastrointestinal tract. These tumors represent less than 0.1% of all gastric polypoid lesions and are frequently found incidentally on endoscopic evaluation. While presenting symptoms depend on the location of the tumor, gastric polyps commonly present with epigastric pain and early satiety. We hereby delineate the case of a middle-aged female who presented with chronic iron deficiency anemia and a positive fecal occult blood test. She underwent an upper endoscopy, which revealed an actively oozing umbilicated lesion in the gastric antrum. Endoscopic ultrasound divulged the submucosal origin of the lesion. It was subsequently excised using endoscopic mucosal resection. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of gastric IFP. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic literature search of the MEDLINE database centered on gastric IFPs from January 2000 till March 2020. The data on patient demographics, clinical features, endoscopic findings, lesion site and size, and treatment approaches were collected and analyzed. This article illustrates the overarching need for clinicians to be vigilant of gastric IFPs presenting with initial clinical symptoms suggestive of occult upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Prompt diagnosis and management of gastric IFPs carry paramount importance to combat chronic unexplained iron deficiency anemia following occult bleeding in such patients. A concoction of endoscopy, biopsy, and immunohistochemical examination can be employed toward their prompt detection. Although gastric IFPs have conventionally been treated with surgery, endoscopic resection is now emerging as a safe and efficient therapeutic modality.