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Zhang YW, Zhao C, Su BJ, Lin WZ, Liu WM, Liang J, Shao CK, Cheng N, Chen JN. Clinicopathologic features and tumor immune microenvironment of lymphocyte-rich hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2024; 73:152382. [PMID: 39471591 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/01/2024]
Abstract
Lymphocyte-rich hepatocellular carcinoma (LR-HCC) is a rare variant of HCC characterized by pronounced lymphoid infiltration, providing an opportunity to explore the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its potential impact on disease progression and therapy. This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and TIME components of LR-HCC to inform more effective treatment strategies. In this study, we present five novel cases of LR-HCC alongside a comprehensive retrospective analysis of 136 previously documented cases. Immunohistochemical evaluation was utilized to systematically assess TIME components and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) targets. Our findings demonstrated a significant predominance of CD3+ T cells over CD20+ B cells (1.5:1, P < 0.001) and a higher frequency of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells compared to Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (2.4:1, P < 0.001), indicating an immune landscape potentially favorable for immunotherapeutic interventions. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was detected in three out of five cases using the VENTANA SP263 assay, suggesting potential responsiveness to ICIs. A pooled analysis of 38 cases showed a 5-year overall survival rate of 73.6 %, which is notably lower than previously reported rates (>90 %), with 29.4 % of patients experiencing postoperative recurrence or lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis identified tumor size as an independent predictor of overall survival. These findings emphasize the relevance of TIME characteristics in understanding LR-HCC and point to promising avenues for targeted and immune-based therapies, contributing to the optimization of clinical management for this distinct cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Bo-Jing Su
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Wei-Zheng Lin
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Na Cheng
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China.
| | - Jian-Ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China.
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Yan L, Huang R, Chen S, Chen J, Li J. Imaging findings of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1490717. [PMID: 39640280 PMCID: PMC11617361 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1490717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma (PHLS) is an extremely rare malignant tumor, which is often elusive in early diagnosis due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical and imaging presentations. Herein, we present a case of PHLS in a 66-year-old male and a review of the English literature from January 2000 to December 2023, focusing on the clinical and imaging characteristics of 30 patients with PHLS. The present patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of abdominal distension, with history of hepatitis B. Tumor markers, including alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 19-9, were within the normal range. A hepatic tumor was incidentally identified during an abdominal ultrasound examination, further evaluated by contrast-enhanced CT and MR scans, which was preliminarily misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor was surgically excised and definitively diagnosed as PHLS, characterized by two distinct areas with varying imaging features on contrast-enhanced CT and MR images. PHLS typically manifests as a well-defined, heterogeneously hypo- or iso-dense mass on CT, with a slightly prolonged T2 signal on MRI, and exhibits gradual enhancement during dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. We advocate that the possibility of PHLS should be considered when the aforementioned imaging features are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Yan
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runqian Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Radiology, People’s Hospital of Yingde City, Yingde, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis & Disease Prevention, Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan, China
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Lu L, Wang L, Peng C, Chen L, He X, Shao C, Wang C, Ge R. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the liver with osteoclast-like giant cells: a case report and literature review. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38643211 PMCID: PMC11032592 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. Osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) are relatively more common in pancreatic cancer, but extremely rare in HCC. Currently, there have been only a few reported cases of OGCs in HCC, and their presence indicates an aggressive clinical course. Here, we present a case of primary undifferentiated carcinoma of the liver with OGCs in a 49-year-old male patient, and through a literature review, we summarize 20 similar cases to further understand the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical course of this disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Lu
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, No. 685 East of North Huangcheng Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, 315021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, No. 685 East of North Huangcheng Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, 315021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Can Peng
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, No. 685 East of North Huangcheng Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, 315021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, No. 685 East of North Huangcheng Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, 315021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ximan He
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, No. 685 East of North Huangcheng Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, 315021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenning Shao
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, No. 685 East of North Huangcheng Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, 315021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunnian Wang
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, No. 685 East of North Huangcheng Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, 315021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong Ge
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, No. 685 East of North Huangcheng Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, 315021, Zhejiang Province, China.
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