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Kondakov A, Berdalin A, Beregov M, Lelyuk V. Emerging Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8100261. [PMID: 36286355 PMCID: PMC9605050 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic widespread cardiovascular disease and a major predisposing factor for cardiovascular events, among which there are myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is a process that involves different mechanisms, of which inflammation is the most common. Plenty of radiopharmaceuticals were developed to elucidate the process of plaque formation at different stages, some of which were highly specific for atherosclerotic plaque. This review summarizes the current nuclear medicine imaging landscape of preclinical and small-scale clinical studies of these specific RPs, which are not as widespread as labeled FDG, sodium fluoride, and choline. These include oxidation-specific epitope imaging, macrophage, and other cell receptors visualization, neoangiogenesis, and macrophage death imaging. It is shown that specific radiopharmaceuticals have strength in pathophysiologically sound imaging of the atherosclerotic plaques at different stages, but this also may induce problems with the signal registration for low-volume plaques in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kondakov
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Radiology and Radiotherapy Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Berdalin
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-926-276-88-32
| | - Mikhail Beregov
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lelyuk
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
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Weng ST, Lai QL, Cai MT, Wang JJ, Zhuang LY, Cheng L, Mo YJ, Liu L, Zhang YX, Qiao S. Detecting vulnerable carotid plaque and its component characteristics: Progress in related imaging techniques. Front Neurol 2022; 13:982147. [PMID: 36188371 PMCID: PMC9515377 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.982147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis are independent risk factors for acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Timely identification of vulnerable plaque can help prevent stroke and provide evidence for clinical treatment. Advanced invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and near-infrared spectroscopy can be employed to image and classify carotid atherosclerotic plaques to provide clinically relevant predictors used for patient risk stratification. This study compares existing clinical imaging methods, and the advantages and limitations of different imaging techniques for identifying vulnerable carotid plaque are reviewed to effectively prevent and treat cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ting Weng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lun Lai
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ting Cai
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Jia Mo
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yin-Xi Zhang
| | - Song Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Song Qiao
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Scimeca M, Montanaro M, Cardellini M, Bonfiglio R, Anemona L, Urbano N, Bonanno E, Menghini R, Casagrande V, Martelli E, Servadei F, Giacobbi E, Ippoliti A, Bei R, Manzari V, Federici M, Schillaci O, Mauriello A. High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Increases the Risk of Carotid Plaque Instability in Male Dyslipidemic Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112117. [PMID: 34829465 PMCID: PMC8624324 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values influence the risk of carotid plaque instability in association with other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six carotid plaques from both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients requiring surgical carotid endarterectomy were retrospectively collected. According to the modified American Heart Association, atherosclerosis plaques have been histologically distinguished into unstable and stable. The following anamnestic and hematochemical data were also considered: age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, therapy, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, kidney failure and hs-CRP. Results: The results of our study clearly show that high levels of hs-CRP significantly increase the carotid plaque instability in dyslipidemic patients. Specifically, a 67% increase of the risk of carotid plaque instability was observed in patients with high LDL-C. Therefore, the highest risk was observed in male dyslipidemic patients 2333 (95% CI 0.73–7.48) and in aged female patients 2713 (95% CI 0.14–53.27). Discussion: These data strongly suggest a biological relationship between the hs-CRP values and the alteration of lipidic metabolism mostly in male patients affected by carotid atherosclerosis. The measurement of hs-CRP might be useful as a potential screening tool in the prevention of atheroscletotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.A.); (E.B.); (F.S.); (E.G.); (A.M.)
- San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0620-903-934
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.A.); (E.B.); (F.S.); (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Marina Cardellini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.C.); (M.F.)
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.A.); (E.B.); (F.S.); (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.A.); (E.B.); (F.S.); (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Policlinico “Tor Vergata”, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.A.); (E.B.); (F.S.); (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Eugenio Martelli
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery “P. Stefanini”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Division of Vascular Surgery, S. Anna and S. Sebastiano Hospital, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesca Servadei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.A.); (E.B.); (F.S.); (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Erica Giacobbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.A.); (E.B.); (F.S.); (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Arnaldo Ippoliti
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.C.); (M.F.)
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 8607 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.); (L.A.); (E.B.); (F.S.); (E.G.); (A.M.)
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