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Li X, Liao J, Jiang Z, Liu X, Chen S, He X, Zhu L, Duan X, Xu Z, Qi B, Guo X, Tong R, Shi J. A concise review of recent advances in anti-heart failure targets and its small molecules inhibitors in recent years. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 186:111852. [PMID: 31759729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a disease with high mortality and the risk of heart failure increases in magnitude with age. The patients of heart failure is increasing year by year. Hence, Pharmaceutical researchers have to develop new drugs with better pharmacological effects to coping with this phenomenon. In this article, we reviewed the small molecule compounds for heart failure that have been marketed in recent years or are promising to enter clinical research. We also reviewed the SAR (structure activity relationship) of these molecules, such as renin inhibitors, ROMK inhibitors, a kind of new diuretics, and some dual-targets inhibitors. These small molecules proven to be beneficial effect on heart failure patients. Which may provide ideas for the design of novel anti-heart failure therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jing Liao
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China; Pediatric Department Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Shan Chen
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xia He
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individual Key Laboratory, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Eastern Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xingmei Duan
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individual Key Laboratory, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhuyu Xu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Baowen Qi
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individual Key Laboratory, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610054, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Individual Key Laboratory, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Yang G, Ma A, Qin ZS. An Integrated System Biology Approach Yields Drug Repositioning Candidates for the Treatment of Heart Failure. Front Genet 2019; 10:916. [PMID: 31608126 PMCID: PMC6773955 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective pharmacological treatments for heart failure (HF) patients remains critically important. Given that the development of drugs de novo is expensive and time consuming, drug repositioning has become an increasingly important branch. In the present study, we propose a two-step drug repositioning pipeline and investigate the novel therapeutic effects of existing drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to discover potential therapeutic drugs for HF. In the first step, we compared the gene expression pattern of HF patients with drug-induced gene expression profiles to obtain preliminary candidates. In the second step, we performed a systems biology approach based on the known protein–protein interaction information and targets of drugs to narrow down preliminary candidates to obtain final candidates. Drug set enrichment analysis and literature search were applied to assess the performance of our repositioning approach. We also constructed a mode of action network for each candidate and performed pathway analysis for each candidate using genes contained in their mode of action network to uncover pathways that potentially reflect the mechanisms of candidates’ therapeutic efficacy to HF. We discovered numerous preliminary candidates, some of which are used in clinical practice and supported by the literature. The final candidates contained nearly all of the preliminary candidates supported by previous studies. Drug set enrichment analysis and literature search support the validity of our repositioning approach. The mode of action network for each candidate not only displayed the underlying mechanisms of drug efficacy but also uncovered potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HF. Our two-step drug repositioning approach is efficient to find candidates with potential therapeutic efficiency to HF supported by the literature and might be of particular use in the discovery of novel effective pharmacological therapies for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaohui S Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Rizvi F, Siddiqui R, DeFranco A, Homar P, Emelyanova L, Holmuhamedov E, Ross G, Tajik AJ, Jahangir A. Simvastatin reduces TGF-β1-induced SMAD2/3-dependent human ventricular fibroblasts differentiation: Role of protein phosphatase activation. Int J Cardiol 2018; 270:228-236. [PMID: 30220377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive cardiac fibrosis due to maladaptive remodeling leads to progression of cardiac dysfunction and is modulated by TGF-β1-activated intracellular phospho-SMAD signaling effectors and transcription regulators. SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, regulated by protein-phosphatases, has been studied in different cell types, but its role in human ventricular fibroblasts (hVFs) is not defined as a target to reduce cytokine-mediated excessive fibrotic response and adverse cardiac remodeling. Statins are a class of drugs reported to reduce cardiac fibrosis, although underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We aimed to assess whether simvastatin-mediated reduction in TGF-β1-augmented profibrotic response involves reduction in phospho-SMAD2/3 owing to activation of protein-phosphatase in hVFs. METHODS AND RESULTS Cultures of hVFs were used. Effect of simvastatin on TGF-β1-treated hVF proliferation, cytotoxicity, myofibroblast differentiation/activation, profibrotic gene expression and protein-phosphatase activity was assessed. Simvastatin (1 μM) reduced effect of TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) on hVF proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation (reduced α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA-expression]) and activation (decreased procollagen-peptide release). Simvastatin also reduced TGF-β1-stimulated time-dependent increases in SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, mediated through catalytic activation of protein-phosphatases PPM1A and PP2A, which physically interact with SMAD2/3, thereby promoting their dephosphorylation. Effect of simvastatin on TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation was annulled by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein-phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study using an in vitro experimental cell culture model identifies the protective role of simvastatin against TGF-β1-induced hVF transformation into activated myofibroblasts through activation of protein phosphatase, a novel target that can be therapeutically modulated to curb excessive cardiac fibrosis associated with maladaptive cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Rizvi
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Ramail Siddiqui
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alessandra DeFranco
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Peter Homar
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Larisa Emelyanova
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ekhson Holmuhamedov
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gracious Ross
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Jamil Tajik
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Correale M, Zicchino S, Monaco I, Di Biase M, Brunetti ND. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptors antagonists, beta-blockers and ivabradine as supportive therapy in pulmonary hypertension: Drug safety and tolerability. Eur J Intern Med 2017; 44:e24-e27. [PMID: 28701278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Zicchino
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Monaco
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Biase
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
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Correale M, Carpagnano GE, Brunetti ND, Forte L, Monaco I, Ferraretti A, Sabato R, Barbaro MPF, Di Biase M, Lacedonia D. Respiratory drive in patients with chronic heart failure and central sleep apnea: Data from the Daunia Heart Failure Registry. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230:630-633. [PMID: 28065692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucia Forte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Monaco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Armando Ferraretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Di Biase
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Correale M, Brunetti ND, Forte L, Passero T, Monaco I, Ferraretti A, Totaro A, Carpagnano GE, Foschino Barbaro MP, Di Biase M, Lacedonia D. Tissue Doppler Imaging predicts central sleep apnea in patients with chronic heart failure: data from the Daunia Registry. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1153-60. [PMID: 26365893 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is used to improve risk stratification in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). So far, few studies have used this method to investigate the characteristics of subjects with CHF and Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB). The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate whether TDI assessment may predict the presence of CSB in patients with CHF. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 41 consecutive patients with CHF enrolled in the Daunia Heart Failure Registry underwent echocardiography assessment and nocturnal polygraphy to evaluate the presence of sleep apnea and CSB. Conventional echocardiography and TDI parameters were calculated. We have also quantified by TDI a combined index (EAS index) of diastolic and systolic performance: E'/(A' × S'). RESULTS Subjects with evidence of CSB (N = 8) were characterized by lower values of A' (5·03 ± 2·64 vs. 7·88 ± 2·64 cm/s, P < 0·01). A' and EAS index values were related to Cheyne-Stokes episode rates (r = -0·49 and 0·52, P < 0·05 and <0·01 respectively), EAS index values also with the number of episodes of central apnea (r = 0·39, P < 0·05). A' values predicted the presence of CSB at poly-somnography examination with an OR 0·62 (95% CI 0·40-0·96, P < 0·05) even after correction for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Tissue Doppler imaging values (A') are associated with the presence of sleep apnea at nocturnal polygraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucia Forte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Passero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Monaco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Armando Ferraretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Totaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Di Biase
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Brunetti ND, Correale M, Totaro A, Ferraretti A, Monaco I, Passero T, De Gennaro L, Di Biase M. Lower cardiovascular mortality with atorvastatin and rosuvastatin vs simvastatin: Data from "moderate-intensity" statin users in an observational registry on chronic heart failure (Daunia Heart Failure Registry). Int J Cardiol 2015; 194:23-7. [PMID: 26005803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Totaro
- Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Ilenia Monaco
- Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Luisa De Gennaro
- Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Paolo, Bari, Italy
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Magyar K, Gal R, Riba A, Habon T, Halmosi R, Toth K. From hypertension to heart failure. World J Hypertens 2015; 5:85-92. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v5.i2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an increasing health problem worldwide especially among the elderly. Its therapeutical importance is indicated by the caused organ damages like hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and heart failure with the subsequent higher morbidity and mortality in the population. In HHD ventricular hypertrophy develops as a compensatory mechanism for pressure overload but as the left ventricular compliance decreases, the process can transform into heart failure with firstly preserved and then into reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF, HFrEF). The main characteristics of underlying mechanisms involve cardiomyocyte growth, vessel changes, increased collagen production in all of which several mechanical stress induced neurohumoral agents, signal transduction pathways are involved. According to the new ESC and AHA guidelines five main groups of antihypertensive agents can be applied for decreasing blood pressure and for the prevention of organ damages. Occasionally, patients are not able to tolerate antihypertensive medication because of side effects, drug intolerance or interactions thus it is more difficult to reach the target blood pressure values. Therefore there are several efforts to complete the existing therapeutical possibilities against the development of organ damages like inhibition of Rho/ROCK pathway (e.g., statins), regulation of ROS formation, influence on mitochondrial biogenesis and enhancing recombinant adenovirus hepatocyte growth factor gene. Hypertension induced oxidative stress causes DNA breaks producing the activation of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) enzyme that leads to energy depletion and unfavorable modulation of different kinase cascades. PARP activation promotes the development of HHD, and its transition to heart failure. Therefore inhibition of PARP-enzyme offers another new therapeutical approach among hypertensive patients. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive summary about the most significant mechanisms in HHD and an insight into new potential therapies.
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Wang ZX, Wang CQ, Li XY, Ding Y, Feng GK, Jiang XJ. Changes of Naturally Occurring CD4 +CD25 + FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and the Beneficial Effects of Atorvastatin Treatment. Int Heart J 2015; 56:163-9. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Chong Quan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Xiao Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Gao Ke Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Xue Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
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De Gennaro L, Brunetti ND, Correale M, Buquicchio F, Caldarola P, Di Biase M. Statin therapy in heart failure: for good, for bad, or indifferent? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2014; 16:377. [PMID: 24277654 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-013-0377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Statins are effective in the prevention of coronary events and the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. However, their efficacy and safety in patients with heart failure (HF) is still a matter of debate. On the basis of literature evidence from subgroup analysis, retrospective, prospective cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials, in this review we try to answer the following question: Is statin therapy in HF patients for good, for bad, or indifferent? Some studies showed a negative impact of low cholesterol levels in patients with severe HF (endotoxin-lipoprotein hypothesis and coenzyme Q10 hypothesis). On the other hand, a large amount of literature demonstrates that in patients with HF, statins have a positive impact on survival and other outcomes, regardless of whether the HF was of ischemic or nonischemic origin, which is related to a combination of mechanisms (pleiotropic effects and cholesterol reduction). Much of this evidence, however, comes from observational and retrospective studies and subgroup analyses of statin use in patients with HF. Randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of statins in HF (GISSI-HF and CORONA) did not show a benefit in mortality for patients with HF randomized to receive statins. Nevertheless, a meta-analysis found that statin therapy does not decrease all-cause or cardiovascular mortality but significantly decreases the rate of hospitalization for worsening HF and increased left ventricular ejection fraction compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa De Gennaro
- Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Swenne
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands,
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