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Nakato GV, Okonya JS, Kantungeko D, Ocimati W, Mahuku G, Legg JP, Blomme G. Influence of altitude as a proxy for temperature on key Musa pests and diseases in watershed areas of Burundi and Rwanda. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13854. [PMID: 36895396 PMCID: PMC9988580 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pests and diseases are key biotic constraints limiting banana production among smallholder farmers in Eastern and Central Africa. Climate changemay favour pest and disease development and further exacerbate the vulnerability of smallholder farming systems to biotic constraints. Information on effects of climate change on pests and pathogens of banana is required byby policy makers and researchers in designing control strategies and adaptation plans. Since altitude is inversely related to temperature, this study used the occurrence of key banana pests and diseases along an altitude gradient as a proxy for the potential impact of changes in temperature associated with global warming on pests and diseases. We assessed the occurrence of banana pests and diseases in 93 banana fields across three altitude ranges in Burundi and 99 fields distributed in two altitude ranges in Rwanda watersheds. Incidence and prevalence of Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) and Fusarium wilt (FW) was significantly associated with temperature and altitude in Burundi, revealing that increasing temperatures may lead to upward movement of banana diseases. No significant associations with temperature and altitude were observed for weevils, nematodes and Xanthomonas wilt of banana (BXW). Data collected in this study provides a baseline to verify and guide modelling work to predict future pest and disease distribution according to climate change scenarios. Such information is useful in informing policy makers and designing appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Valentine Nakato
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Uganda), P. O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joshua Sikhu Okonya
- International Potato Center (CIP-Uganda), P. O. Box 22274, Kampala, Uganda.,Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), P.O. Box 765, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Deo Kantungeko
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Burundi), P. O. Box 1893, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Walter Ocimati
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, P.O. Box 24384, Plot 106, Kampala, Uganda
| | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Uganda), P. O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda.,International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), P. O. Box 34443, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - James Peter Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), P. O. Box 34443, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Guy Blomme
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, c/o ILRI, P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Rizzo DM, Lichtveld M, Mazet JAK, Togami E, Miller SA. Plant health and its effects on food safety and security in a One Health framework: four case studies. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2021; 3:6. [PMID: 33829143 PMCID: PMC8011176 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-021-00038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although healthy plants are vital to human and animal health, plant health is often overlooked in the One Health literature. Plants provide over 80% of the food consumed by humans and are the primary source of nutrition for livestock. However, plant diseases and pests often threaten the availability and safety of plants for human and animal consumption. Global yield losses of important staple crops can range up to 30% and hundreds of billions of dollars in lost food production. To demonstrate the complex interrelationships between plants and public health, we present four case studies on plant health issues directly tied to food safety and/or security, and how a One Health approach influences the perception and mitigation of these issues. Plant pathogens affect food availability and consequently food security through reductions in yield and plant mortality as shown through the first case study of banana Xanthomonas wilt in East and Central Africa. Case studies 2, 3 and 4 highlight ways in which the safety of plant-based foods can also be compromised. Case study 2 describes the role of mycotoxin-producing plant-colonizing fungi in human and animal disease and examines lessons learned from outbreaks of aflatoxicosis in Kenya. Plants may also serve as vectors of human pathogens as seen in case study 3, with an example of Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination of lettuce in North America. Finally, case study 4 focuses on the use of pesticides in Suriname, a complex issue intimately tied to food security though protection of crops from diseases and pests, while also a food safety issue through misuse. These cases from around the world in low to high income countries point to the need for interdisciplinary teams to solve complex plant health problems. Through these case studies, we examine challenges and opportunities moving forward for mitigating negative public health consequences and ensuring health equity. Advances in surveillance technology and functional and streamlined workflow, from data collection, analyses, risk assessment, reporting, and information sharing are needed to improve the response to emergence and spread of plant-related pathogens and pests. Our case studies point to the importance of collaboration in responses to plant health issues that may become public health emergencies and the value of the One Health approach in ensuring food safety and food security for the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Rizzo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Lichtveld
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jonna A. K. Mazet
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eri Togami
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sally A. Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
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3
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Studholme DJ, Wicker E, Abrare SM, Aspin A, Bogdanove A, Broders K, Dubrow Z, Grant M, Jones JB, Karamura G, Lang J, Leach J, Mahuku G, Nakato GV, Coutinho T, Smith J, Bull CT. Transfer of Xanthomonas campestris pv. arecae and X. campestris pv. musacearum to X. vasicola (Vauterin) as X. vasicola pv. arecae comb. nov. and X. vasicola pv. musacearum comb. nov. and Description of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum pv. nov. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1153-1160. [PMID: 31922946 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-19-0098-le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an amended description of the bacterial species Xanthomonas vasicola to include the causative agent of banana Xanthomonas wilt, as well as strains that cause disease on Areca palm, Tripsacum grass, sugarcane, and maize. Genome-sequence data reveal that these strains all share more than 98% average nucleotide with each other and with the type strain. Our analyses and proposals should help to resolve the taxonomic confusion that surrounds some of these pathogens and help to prevent future use of invalid names.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Wicker
- IPME, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sadik Muzemil Abrare
- Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Areka Agricultural Research Center, Areka, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adam Bogdanove
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Kirk Broders
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
| | - Zoe Dubrow
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Murray Grant
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- University of Florida, Plant Pathology Department, 1453 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | | | - Jillian Lang
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
| | - Jan Leach
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
| | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical Agiculture (IITA), East Africa Hub, IITA-Tanzania, P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gloria Valentine Nakato
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Plot 15B, Naguru East Road, Upper Naguru, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Teresa Coutinho
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X28, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | | | - Carolee T Bull
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A
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Timilsina S, Potnis N, Newberry EA, Liyanapathiranage P, Iruegas-Bocardo F, White FF, Goss EM, Jones JB. Xanthomonas diversity, virulence and plant-pathogen interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:415-427. [PMID: 32346148 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas spp. encompass a wide range of plant pathogens that use numerous virulence factors for pathogenicity and fitness in plant hosts. In this Review, we examine recent insights into host-pathogen co-evolution, diversity in Xanthomonas populations and host specificity of Xanthomonas spp. that have substantially improved our fundamental understanding of pathogen biology. We emphasize the virulence factors in xanthomonads, such as type III secreted effectors including transcription activator-like effectors, type II secretion systems, diversity resulting in host specificity, evolution of emerging strains, activation of susceptibility genes and strategies of host evasion. We summarize the genomic diversity in several Xanthomonas spp. and implications for disease outbreaks, management strategies and breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Timilsina
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Neha Potnis
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Eric A Newberry
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Frank F White
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erica M Goss
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Montiflor MO, Vellema S, Digal LN. Coordination as Management Response to the Spread of a Global Plant Disease: A Case Study in a Major Philippine Banana Production Area. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1048. [PMID: 31543885 PMCID: PMC6728417 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrative management approach to the spread and emergence of global plant diseases, such as the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), entails a combination of technical measures and the responsiveness and awareness of area-specific constellations supporting conditions conducive to interactions and coordination among organizations and actors with different resources and diverse interests. Responses to banana diseases are mostly studied through technical and epidemiological lenses and reflect a bias to the export industry. Some authors, however, indicate that cross-sector collaboration is crucial in responding to a disease outbreak. Earlier studies on the outbreak of diseases and natural disasters suggest that shared cognition and effective partnerships increased the success rate of response. Hence, it is important not to focus exclusively on the impacts of a pathogen at farm or field level and to shift attention to how tasks and knowledge are coordinated and shared. This paper aims to detect whether and how the emergence of Foc TR4 is a driver of coordination. The case study focuses on the interactions between a variety of banana producers and among a range of public and private actors in southern Philippines. The analysis identifies distinct forms of coordination emerging in the context of three organizational fields responding to Foc TR4, which underlie shared capacity to handle and understand the spread of a global plant disease. The research is based on qualitative key informant interviews and document analysis and on observations of instructive events in 2014-2017. Analysis of the composition and actions developed in three organizational fields leads to distinguishing three theory-driven forms of coordination: rule-based, cognition-based, and skill-based. The combination of these three forms constitutes the possibility of a collaborative community, which conditions the implementation of an integrative management approach to mitigate Foc TR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou O. Montiflor
- Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wagenignen, Netherlands
- School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao, Philippines
| | - Sietze Vellema
- Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wagenignen, Netherlands
| | - Larry N. Digal
- School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao, Philippines
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Nakato V, Mahuku G, Coutinho T. Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum: a major constraint to banana, plantain and enset production in central and east Africa over the past decade. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:525-536. [PMID: 28677256 PMCID: PMC6638165 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; currently classified as X. campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm). However, fatty acid methyl ester analysis and genetic and genomic evidence suggest that this pathogen is X. vasicola and resides in a separate pathovar. ISOLATION AND DETECTION Xcm can be isolated on yeast extract peptone glucose agar (YPGA), cellobiose cephalexin agar and yeast extract tryptone sucrose agar (YTSA) complemented with 5-fluorouracil, cephalexin and cycloheximide to confer semi-selectivity. Xcm can also be identified using direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA), species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GspDm primers and lateral flow devices that detect latent infections. HOST RANGE Causes Xanthomonas wilt on plants belonging to the Musaceae, primarily banana (Musa acuminata), plantain (M. acuminata × balbisiana) and enset (Ensete ventricosum). DIVERSITY There is a high level of genetic homogeneity within Xcm, although genome sequencing has revealed two major sublineages. SYMPTOMS Yellowing and wilting of leaves, premature fruit ripening and dry rot, bacterial exudate from cut stems. DISTRIBUTION Xcm has only been found in African countries, namely Burundi, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. ECOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Xcm is transmitted by insects, bats, birds and farming implements. Long-distance dispersal of the pathogen is by the transportation of latently infected plants into new areas. MANAGEMENT The management of Xcm has relied on cultural practices that keep the pathogen population at tolerable levels. Biotechnology programmes have been successful in producing resistant banana plants. However, the deployment of such genetic material has not as yet been achieved in farmers' fields, and the sustainability of transgenic resistance remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Nakato
- Plant PathologyInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureKampala 7878Uganda
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa
| | - George Mahuku
- Plant PathologyInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureKampala 7878Uganda
| | - Teresa Coutinho
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa
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Blomme G, Dita M, Jacobsen KS, Pérez Vicente L, Molina A, Ocimati W, Poussier S, Prior P. Bacterial Diseases of Bananas and Enset: Current State of Knowledge and Integrated Approaches Toward Sustainable Management. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1290. [PMID: 28785275 PMCID: PMC5517453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases of bananas and enset have not received, until recently, an equal amount of attention compared to other major threats to banana production such as the fungal diseases black leaf streak (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense). However, bacteria cause significant impacts on bananas globally and management practices are not always well known or adopted by farmers. Bacterial diseases in bananas and enset can be divided into three groups: (1) Ralstonia-associated diseases (Moko/Bugtok disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and banana blood disease caused by R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis); (2) Xanthomonas wilt of banana and enset, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and (3) Erwinia-associated diseases (bacterial head rot or tip-over disease Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi), bacterial rhizome and pseudostem wet rot (Dickeya paradisiaca formerly E. chrysanthemi pv. paradisiaca). Other bacterial diseases of less widespread importance include: bacterial wilt of abaca, Javanese vascular wilt and bacterial fingertip rot (probably caused by Ralstonia spp., unconfirmed). This review describes global distribution, symptoms, pathogenic diversity, epidemiology and the state of the art for sustainable disease management of the major bacterial wilts currently affecting banana and enset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Blomme
- Bioversity InternationalAddis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Miguel Dita
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa Cassava and FruitsCruz das Almas, Brazil
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Tripathi L, Atkinson H, Roderick H, Kubiriba J, Tripathi JN. Genetically engineered bananas resistant to Xanthomonas wilt disease and nematodes. Food Energy Secur 2017; 6:37-47. [PMID: 28713567 PMCID: PMC5488630 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana is an important staple food crop feeding more than 100 million Africans, but is subject to severe productivity constraints due to a range of pests and diseases. Banana Xanthomonas wilt caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum is capable of entirely destroying a plantation while nematodes can cause losses up to 50% and increase susceptibility to other pests and diseases. Development of improved varieties of banana is fundamental in order to tackle these challenges. However, the sterile nature of the crop and the lack of resistance in Musa germplasm make improvement by traditional breeding techniques either impossible or extremely slow. Recent developments using genetic engineering have begun to address these problems. Transgenic banana expressing sweet pepper Hrap and Pflp genes have demonstrated complete resistance against X. campestris pv. musacearum in the field. Transgenic plantains expressing a cysteine proteinase inhibitors and/or synthetic peptide showed enhanced resistance to a mixed species population of nematodes in the field. Here, we review the genetic engineering technologies which have potential to improve agriculture and food security in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
| | | | | | - Jerome Kubiriba
- National Agricultural Research LaboratoriesPO Box 7084KampalaUganda
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