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Long-Term Mastication Changed Salivary Metabolomic Profiles. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070660. [PMID: 35888784 PMCID: PMC9322701 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is an ideal biofluid for monitoring oral and systemic health. Repeated mastication is a typical physical stimulus that improves salivary flow and oral hygiene. Recent metabolomic studies have shown the potential of salivary metabolomic components for various disease monitoring systems. Here, we evaluated the effect of long-term mastication on salivary metabolomic profiles. Young women with good oral hygiene (20.8 ± 0.3 years, n = 17) participated. They were prohibited from chewing gum during control periods (4 weeks each) and were instructed to chew a piece of gum base seven times a day for 10 min each time during the intervention period. Paired samples of unstimulated whole saliva collected on the last day of the control and intervention period were compared. Liquid chromatography−time-of-flight mass spectrometry successfully quantified 85 metabolites, of which 41 showed significant differences (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon paired test corrected by false discovery rate). Except for a few metabolites, such as citrate, most metabolites showed lower concentrations after the intervention. The pathways related to glycogenic amino acids, such as alanine, arginine, and glutamine, altered considerably. This study suggests that long-term mastication induces unstimulated salivary component-level changes.
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Han L, Wemm SE, Shen L, Spink DC, Wulfert E, Cao ZT. Noninvasive detection of human dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone and testosterone using LC-MS/MS revealed effects of birth control pills/devices and body weight on ovulatory prediction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1174:122716. [PMID: 33946036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been increasingly used to measure steroids in human saliva. We studied the performance of a conventional LC-MS/MS for measuring dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone and progesterone in human saliva. These three steroids were co-extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and derivatized. Derivatives were resolved on a C18 column and quantified using an LC-MS/MS (AB Sciex API 2000) instrument. The assay's limits of quantification were 0.03 ng/mL for all three steroids. Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 16.6-18.8% (DHEA), 12.0-15.8% (testosterone), and 12.7-19.3% (progesterone). Assay linearity analysis showed R2 of 0.9926, 0.9750 and 0.9949 for DHEA, testosterone and progesterone, respectively. No carry-over between samplings was observed. An ion-enhancement effect of 11.6% for DHEA determination and ion-suppression effects of 13.9% and 20.7% for analysis of progesterone and testosterone, respectively, were determined. No interferences by 9 steroid analogs were detected. Spiked recoveries were 85.5% (DHEA), 86.5% (testosterone), and 92.6% (progesterone). Comparison with laboratory developed test (LDT)-LC-MS/MS methods by other New York State Department of Health certified laboratories revealed R2 = 0.9425 (DHEA, LC-MS/MS = 1.0267 LDT + 21.989), R2 = 0.9849 (testosterone, LC-MS/MS = 0.9447 LDT + 9.8037), and R2 = 0.9736 (progesterone, LC-MS/MS = 1.1196 LDT + 0.0985). Reference intervals for the 3 steroids in saliva for young males and females were estimated. Results of intra-individual salivary progesterone analysis indicated that caution should be exercised when using progesterone concentrations in predicting ovulation for females who are under treatment with birth control pills/devices or has body a weight of > 90 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Stephanie E Wemm
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lei Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - David C Spink
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Edelgard Wulfert
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Zhimin Tim Cao
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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Effect of one night of sleep deprivation on the diurnal patterns of steroid hormones. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Leicht CA, Paulson TAW, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Bishop NC. Salivary alpha amylase not chromogranin A reflects sympathetic activity: exercise responses in elite male wheelchair athletes with or without cervical spinal cord injury. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2017; 3:1. [PMID: 28054256 PMCID: PMC5214895 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-016-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Salivary alpha amylase (sAA) and chromogranin A (sCgA) have both been suggested as non-invasive markers for sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. A complete cervical spinal cord injury leading to tetraplegia is accompanied with sympathetic dysfunction; the aim of this study was to establish the exercise response of these markers in this in vivo model. Methods Twenty-six elite male wheelchair athletes (C6–C7 tetraplegia: N = 8, T6–L1 paraplegia: N = 10 and non-spinal cord injured controls: N = 8) performed treadmill exercise to exhaustion. Saliva and blood samples were taken pre, post and 30 min post exercise and analysed for sAA, sCgA and plasma adrenaline concentration, respectively. Results In all three subgroups, sAA and sCgA were elevated post exercise (P < 0.05). Whilst sCgA was not different between subgroups, a group × time interaction for sAA explained the reduced post-exercise sAA activity in tetraplegia (162 ± 127 vs 313 ± 99 (paraplegia) and 328 ± 131 U mL−1 (controls), P = 0.005). The post-exercise increase in adrenaline was not apparent in tetraplegia (P = 0.74). A significant correlation was found between adrenaline and sAA (r = 0.60, P = 0.01), but not between adrenaline and sCgA (r = 0.06, P = 0.79). Conclusions The blunted post-exercise rise in sAA and adrenaline in tetraplegia implies that both reflect SNS activity to some degree. It is questionable whether sCgA should be used as a marker for SNS activity, both due to the exercise response which is not different between the subgroups and its non-significant relationship with adrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof A Leicht
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Thomas A W Paulson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Nicolette C Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Del Corral P, Schurman RC, Kinza SS, Fitzgerald MJ, Kordick CA, Rusch JL, Nadolski JB. Salivary but not plasma cortisone tracks the plasma cortisol response to exercise: effect of time of day. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:315-22. [PMID: 26243508 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, and CBG responses to exercise in the AM and PM have not been described. This study examined the response of these glucocorticoids and CBG to intense exercise in 12 endurance-trained men in plasma (Pl) and saliva (Sa). METHODS Each subject completed treadmill exercise in the morning and evening. Paired blood and Sa samples were obtained at rest before and after exercise. RESULTS Significant time effect existed for Pl-cortisol and Sa-cortisol from baseline in the AM and PM (p < 0.01). Pl-cortisone and CBG significantly increased in the PM (p < 0.01). Pl-corticosterone increased in the AM and PM (p < 0.01). Unlike Pl-cortisone, Sa-cortisone was significantly higher in the AM compared to the PM, increasing in the AM and PM (All p < 0.01). Strong associations were found between Pl-cortisol and Sa-cortisol (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001), Pl-cortisol and Sa-cortisone (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS (1) Intense EX induces a similar increase in Pl-cortisone (~90 %) and corticosterone (~200 %) in the AM and PM, whereas exercise increases CBG in the PM, but not in the AM; (2) vigorous exercise increases Sa-cortisone; (3) Sa-cortisone and cortisol are equally strongly correlated to Pl-cortisol, suggesting a significant role for Sa-cortisone as a novel marker of free cortisol during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Del Corral
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Benedictine University, 5700 College Rd, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA.
| | - R C Schurman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Benedictine University, 5700 College Rd, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - S S Kinza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Benedictine University, 5700 College Rd, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - M J Fitzgerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Benedictine University, 5700 College Rd, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - C A Kordick
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Benedictine University, 5700 College Rd, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - J L Rusch
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Benedictine University, 5700 College Rd, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - J B Nadolski
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, College of Science, Benedictine University, 5700 College Rd, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
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Collomp K, Buisson C, Lasne F, Collomp R. DHEA, physical exercise and doping. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:206-12. [PMID: 24704255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations during acute and chronic exercise (training) have been investigated only fairly recently. DHEA is generally preferred to DHEA-S for exploring the acute exercise repercussions in laboratory or field tests because of its shorter elimination half-life. Conversely, DHEA-S is preferred to estimate chronic adaptations. Both can be measured noninvasively in saliva, and it is therefore possible to follow these hormone responses in elite athletes during competitive events and in healthy and pathological populations, without imposing additional stress. Indeed, the correlation between saliva and serum concentrations is high for steroid hormones, both at rest and during exercise. In this review, we will first summarize the current knowledge on the DHEA/DHEA-S responses to exercise and examine the potential modulating factors: exercise intensity, gender, age, and training. We will then discuss the ergogenic effects that athletes expect from the exogenous administration of DHEA and the antidoping methods of analysis currently used to detect this abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Collomp
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France; Département des Analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - C Buisson
- Département des Analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - F Lasne
- Département des Analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - R Collomp
- Laboratoire de Soins Pharmaceutiques et de Santé Publique, Pôle Pharmacie, CHU Nice, France
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Zorgati H, Prieur F, Vergniaud T, Cottin F, Do MC, Labsy Z, Amarantini D, Gagey O, Lasne F, Collomp K. Ergogenic and metabolic effects of oral glucocorticoid intake during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. Steroids 2014; 86:10-5. [PMID: 24793567 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
All systemically administered glucocorticoids (GC) are prohibited in-competition, because of the potential ergogenic effects. Although short-term GC intake has been shown to improve performance during submaximal exercise, literature on its impact during brief intense exercise appears to be very scant. The purpose of this study was to examine the ergogenic and metabolic effects of prednisone during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. In a double-blind randomized protocol, ten recreational male athletes followed two 1-week treatments (Cor: prednisone, 60mg/day or Pla: placebo). At the end of each treatment, they hopped on their dominant leg for 30s three times consecutively and then hopped until exhaustion, with intervals of 5min of passive recovery. Blood and saliva samples were collected at rest and 3min after each exercise bout to determine the lactate, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, TNF-alpha, DHEA and testosterone values. The absolute peak force of the dominant leg was significantly increased by Cor but only during the first 30-s hopping bout (p<0.05), whereas time to exhaustion was not significantly changed after Cor treatment vs Pla (Pla: 119.9±24.7; Cor: 123.1±29.5s). Cor intake lowered basal and end-exercise plasma interleukin-6 and saliva DHEA (p<0.01) and increased interleukin-10 (p<0.01), whereas no significant change was found in blood lactate and TNF-alpha or saliva testosterone between Pla and Cor. According to these data, short-term glucocorticoid intake did not improve endurance performance during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise, despite the significant initial increase in absolute peak force and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Zorgati
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - Fabrice Prieur
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - Thomas Vergniaud
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - François Cottin
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - Manh-Cuong Do
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - Zakaria Labsy
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | | | - Olivier Gagey
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | | | - Katia Collomp
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France; Département des Analyses, AFLD, France.
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Collomp R, Labsy Z, Zorgati H, Prieur F, Cottin F, Do MC, Gagey O, Lasne F, Collomp K. Therapeutic glucocorticoid administration alters the diurnal pattern of dehydroepiandrosterone. Endocrine 2014; 46:668-71. [PMID: 24347241 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant alteration in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function has been demonstrated in patients after short-term glucocorticoid therapy, but its impact on the circadian rhythm of steroid hormones has never been investigated. This study examined the effects of short-term prednisone administration on the diurnal patterns of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone. Saliva samples were collected from 11 healthy, physically active, male volunteers for DHEA and testosterone analysis, as follows: every 4 h from 0800 to 2000 h on 2 control days without medication, and after 1 week of oral therapeutic prednisone treatment (60 mg daily) (days 0-3). Overall, a diurnal decline in the two steroid hormones was observed on the control days. After short-term glucocorticoid administration, DHEA concentrations were significantly decreased with a complete disappearance of the DHEA diurnal pattern, which lasted 2 days post-treatment. No glucocorticoid effect was observed for testosterone. The results indicate that short-term prednisone treatment affects the circadian pattern of saliva DHEA but not testosterone in healthy active volunteers. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this alteration in DHEA circadian pattern has clinical consequences in patients with chronic glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Collomp
- Laboratoire de Soins Pharmaceutiques et de Santé Publique, Pôle Pharmacie, CHU, Nice, France
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Guimard A, Vibarel-Rebot N, Prieur F, Baillot A, Mongeois E, Barrande MG, Lasne F, Collomp K. Effect of obesity on diurnal patterns of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in male subjects. Sci Sports 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Le Panse B, Labsy Z, Baillot A, Vibarel-Rebot N, Parage G, Albrings D, Lasne F, Collomp K. Changes in steroid hormones during an international powerlifting competition. Steroids 2012; 77:1339-44. [PMID: 22917632 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the steroid hormone levels of elite athletes during an international powerlifting competition. Baseline cortisol, DHEA and testosterone were determined in saliva samples in 19 (8 men, 11 women) junior and sub-junior athletes on the day before competition, and then on the competition day during the official weighing and in the hour after competition. Performance was determined by total output and the Wilks formula. No change in saliva steroid concentrations was observed between samples collected on the day before competition and the weighing samples. There was no gender effect on cortisol concentrations but saliva testosterone levels were always significantly higher in men than in women (p<0.01), as was end-competition DHEA (p<0.05). Cortisol and DHEA were significantly increased in male and female athletes after the competition (respectively, p<0.01 and p<0.05), whereas end-competition testosterone concentrations were only significantly increased in men (p<0.01). Significant relationships were demonstrated between performance and end-competition cortisol levels in women and end-competition testosterone levels in men. These data indicate that workouts during an international powerlifting competition produce a significant increase in adrenal steroid hormones in both genders, with an increase in male gonadal steroid hormone. Further studies are necessary to examine the changes in oestradiol and progesterone in women and their potential impact on performance during international powerlifting competition.
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