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Bianca G, Trovatello C, Zilli A, Zappia MI, Bellani S, Curreli N, Conticello I, Buha J, Piccinni M, Ghini M, Celebrano M, Finazzi M, Kriegel I, Antonatos N, Sofer Z, Bonaccorso F. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Bismuth Telluride Iodide (BiTeI): Structural and Optical Properties of Single-/Few-Layer Flakes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34963-34974. [PMID: 35876692 PMCID: PMC9354013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth telluride halides (BiTeX) are Rashba-type crystals with several potential applications ranging from spintronics and nonlinear optics to energy. Their layered structures and low cleavage energies allow their production in a two-dimensional form, opening the path to miniaturized device concepts. The possibility to exfoliate bulk BiTeX crystals in the liquid represents a useful tool to formulate a large variety of functional inks for large-scale and cost-effective device manufacturing. Nevertheless, the exfoliation of BiTeI by means of mechanical and electrochemical exfoliation proved to be challenging. In this work, we report the first ultrasonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of BiTeI crystals. By screening solvents with different surface tension and Hildebrandt parameters, we maximize the exfoliation efficiency by minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the mixture solvent/BiTeI crystal. The most effective solvents for the BiTeI exfoliation have a surface tension close to 28 mN m-1 and a Hildebrandt parameter between 19 and 25 MPa0.5. The morphological, structural, and chemical properties of the LPE-produced single-/few-layer BiTeI flakes (average thickness of ∼3 nm) are evaluated through microscopic and optical characterizations, confirming their crystallinity. Second-harmonic generation measurements confirm the non-centrosymmetric structure of both bulk and exfoliated materials, revealing a large nonlinear optical response of BiTeI flakes due to the presence of strong quantum confinement effects and the absence of typical phase-matching requirements encountered in bulk nonlinear crystals. We estimated a second-order nonlinearity at 0.8 eV of |χ(2)| ∼ 1 nm V-1, which is 10 times larger than in bulk BiTeI crystals and is of the same order of magnitude as in other semiconducting monolayers (e.g., MoS2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bianca
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Trovatello
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Attilio Zilli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marilena Isabella Zappia
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 31/C Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Curreli
- Functional
Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Conticello
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Joka Buha
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Marco Piccinni
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Ghini
- Functional
Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Celebrano
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Finazzi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilka Kriegel
- Functional
Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Tian Q, Zhang W, Qin Z, Qin G. Novel optimization perspectives for thermoelectric properties based on Rashba spin splitting: a mini review. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18032-18043. [PMID: 34586120 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04323d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The energy problem has recently become increasingly more serious, therefore the rational use of heat energy and conversion into electrical energy is particularly important. The thermoelectric (TE) field is closely related to human life, as heat from automobiles, heat dissipation from high-power electrical appliances, or other electrical products that produce a lot of heat, can all be transformed with TE materials. The search for TE materials with an excellent performance and effective TE optimization strategies (STs) has attracted significant attention owing to the fact that thermal energy can be directly converted into electric energy. In contrast to the common TE-optimized STs, such as constructing point defects or reducing dimensionality, spin-related optimization STs have emerged from previous published research, such as the spin Seebeck effect or the Rashba effect, in which the Rashba effect shows an effective method to break through the bottleneck of ZT optimization. In this review, typical high ZT materials, common traditional optimized STs, Rashba-type TE materials and their corresponding ZT values are comprehensively discussed. The TE performance of Rashba-type materials is analysed, such as BiTeX (X = I, Br), GeTe, BiSbSeTe2, and the BiSb monolayer. Moreover, the TE optimization mechanisms (band engineering, phonon engineering, and Rashba spin-split engineering) are summarised. Finally, the development and challenges of Rashba spin-split combined with TE in breaking the bottleneck in ZT optimization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Tian
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenzhen Qin
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Guangzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Li Z, Zhao C, Xiao C. Defect Compensation Weakening Induced Mobility Enhancement in Thermoelectric BiTeI by Iodine Deficiency. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4124-4129. [PMID: 33151029 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carrier mobility (weighted mobility more specifically) of thermoelectrics fundamentally determines its power factor, representing a new cut-in point to optimize the thermoelectric performance. However, researches on enhancing the carrier mobility to improve power factor has been overlooked. In present work, we highlight a significant mobility enhancement in BiTeI by introducing I deficiency, which improves the power factor and final ZT value. A defect compensation weakening mechanism is adopted that the induced I vacancies reduce the concentration of intrinsic I Te • and Te I ' antisite defects, which weakens the donor-acceptor defect compensation and suppresses the defects-induced carrier scattering. As a result, the carrier mobility is obviously enhanced in I-deficient samples, which ensures an effectively improved power factor and final ZT. A maximum ZT of 0.57 is achieved at 570 K perpendicular to the pressing direction, which is superior to pristine BiTeI and among the highest values reported for bulk BiTeI-based thermoelectric materials. Present work opens up a new avenue for thermoelectric optimization mainly by mobility enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chong Xiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
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4
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Kovács-Krausz Z, Hoque AM, Makk P, Szentpéteri B, Kocsis M, Fülöp B, Yakushev MV, Kuznetsova TV, Tereshchenko OE, Kokh KA, Lukács I, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Dash SP, Csonka S. Electrically Controlled Spin Injection from Giant Rashba Spin-Orbit Conductor BiTeBr. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4782-4791. [PMID: 32511931 PMCID: PMC7660945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic materials are the widely used source of spin-polarized electrons in spintronic devices, which are controlled by external magnetic fields or spin-transfer torque methods. However, with increasing demand for smaller and faster spintronic components utilization of spin-orbit phenomena provides promising alternatives. New materials with unique spin textures are highly desirable since all-electric creation and control of spin polarization is expected where the strength, as well as an arbitrary orientation of the polarization, can be defined without the use of a magnetic field. In this work, we use a novel spin-orbit crystal BiTeBr for this purpose. Because of its giant Rashba spin splitting, bulk spin polarization is created at room temperature by an electric current. Integrating BiTeBr crystal into graphene-based spin valve devices, we demonstrate for the first time that it acts as a current-controlled spin injector, opening new avenues for future spintronic applications in integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kovács-Krausz
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics and Nanoelectronics ‘Momentum’ Research
Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anamul Md Hoque
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Péter Makk
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics and Nanoelectronics ‘Momentum’ Research
Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szentpéteri
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics and Nanoelectronics ‘Momentum’ Research
Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Kocsis
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics and Nanoelectronics ‘Momentum’ Research
Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Fülöp
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics and Nanoelectronics ‘Momentum’ Research
Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Vasilievich Yakushev
- M.N.
Miheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural
Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620108, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Ural
Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
- Institute
of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch of
the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Tatyana Vladimirovna Kuznetsova
- M.N.
Miheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural
Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620108, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Ural
Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Oleg Evgenevich Tereshchenko
- St.
Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
- A.
V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Aleksandrovich Kokh
- St.
Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- V.
S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - István
Endre Lukács
- Center
for Energy Research, Institute of Technical
Physics and Material Science, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Saroj Prasad Dash
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Szabolcs Csonka
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics and Nanoelectronics ‘Momentum’ Research
Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Pabst F, Hobbis D, Alzahrani N, Wang H, Rusinov IP, Chulkov EV, Martin J, Ruck M, Nolas GS. Transport properties of topologically non-trivial bismuth tellurobromides Bi nTeBr. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2019; 126:10.1063/1.5116369. [PMID: 32189721 PMCID: PMC7079704 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent transport properties of the recently discovered layered bismuth-rich tellurobromides BinTeBr (n = 2, 3) are investigated for the first time. Dense homogeneous polycrystalline specimens prepared for different electrical and thermal measurements were synthesized by a ball milling-based process. While the calculated electronic structure classifies Bi2TeBr as a semimetal with a small electron pocket, its transport properties demonstrate a semiconductorlike behavior. Additional bismuth bilayers in the Bi3TeBr crystal structure strengthens the interlayer chemical bonding thus leading to metallic conduction. The thermal conductivity of the semiconducting compositions is low, and the electrical properties are sensitive to doping with a factor of four reduction in resistivity observed at room temperature for only 3% Pb doping. Investigation of the thermoelectric properties suggests that optimization for thermoelectrics may depend on particular elemental substitution. The results presented are intended to expand on the research into tellurohalides in order to further advance the fundamental investigation of these materials, as well as investigate their potential for thermoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Pabst
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Dean Hobbis
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Noha Alzahrani
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Hsin Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - I. P. Rusinov
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. V. Chulkov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Joshua Martin
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - George S. Nolas
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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