Lin28A Reduced Sevoflurane-Induced Nerve Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibiting Tau Acetylation and Phosphorylation via Activating SIRT1 in Elderly Rats

Sirtuin 1 Is a Potential Target for the Treatment of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication by Modulating Pyroptosis

Neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) pathogenesis associated with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) remains unclear. However, pyroptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the potential role of pyroptosis in NIC progression. Additionally, the present study investigated the possible involvement of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a protein recognized for its neuroprotective properties, in mitigating the progression of NIC by alleviating pyroptosis. In the current study, a rat model of NIC associated with LSS was successfully constructed by inserting a silicone strip into the vertebral plates. The Basso Beattie Bresnahan score was employed to assess the motor function of rats. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins in rat spinal cord tissue. Meanwhile, PC-12 cells were cultured with H2O2 to establish an in vitro model of oxidative stress, allowing to investigate the effects of Sirt1 on cell pyroptosis and oxidative stress in H2O2-treated cells. The current results showed that rats with NIC developed both motor and sensory dysfunction. Additionally, NIC surgery notably elevated NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-N), and IL-1β levels in the spinal cord tissues of rats, suggesting that pyroptosis is activated in the context of NIC. Significantly, downregulation of Sirt1 exacerbated malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels, and simultaneously reduced GSH levels in H2O2-stimulated PC-12 cells, suggesting that Sirt1 deficiency can aggravate oxidative stress. Meanwhile, downregulation of Sirt1 also led to increased levels of NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD-N, and cleaved caspase 1 in H2O2-stimulated PC-12 cells, suggesting that Sirt1 deficiency can further enhance the pyroptosis in these cells. Targeting pyroptosis signaling may yield new insights into the treatment of NIC. The mechanisms mediated by pyroptosis could offer valuable perspectives on the pathogenesis and management of this condition.

Targeting sirtuins in neurological disorders: A comprehensive review

The sirtuin (SIRT) family is a group of seven conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylases (SIRT1-SIRT7), which play crucial roles in various fundamental biological processes, including metabolism, aging, stress responses, inflammation, and cell survival. The role of SIRTs in neuro-pathophysiology has recently attracted significant attention. Notably, SIRT1-SIRT3 have been identified as key players in neuroprotection as they reduce neuroinflammation and regulate mitochondrial function. This review summarizes the latest research advancements in the role of the SIRT family in neurological diseases, mainly including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia-related diseases, bleeding-related diseases, nervous system injury and other nervous system diseases, emphasizing their critical functions and associated signaling pathways, (e.g., AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, AMPK/SIRT1/IL-1β/NF-κB, STAT2-SIRT4-mTOR, SIRT3/FOXO3α, and other signaling pathways in disease progression, particularly their protective roles in neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic injuries, and neural damage. Additionally, this review discusses progress in clinical studies targeting SIRT-specific small-molecule agonists and inhibitors. Further research on SIRTs may provide new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.

Syringaresinol attenuates Tau phosphorylation and ameliorates cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane in aged rats

Cognitive dysfunction following anesthesia with agents such as sevoflurane is a significant clinical problem, particularly in elderly patients. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of the phytochemical syringaresinol (SYR) against sevoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in aged Sprague-Dawley rats and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved. We assessed the impact of SYR on sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment, glial activation, and neuronal apoptosis through behavioral tests (Morris water maze), immunofluorescence, Western blotting for key proteins involved in apoptosis and inflammation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. SYR treatment mitigated sevoflurane-induced cognitive decline, reduced microglial and astrocyte activation (decreased Iba-1 and GFAP expression), and countered neuronal apoptosis (reduced Bax, cleaved-caspase3, and cleaved-PARP expression). SYR also enhanced Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression and reduced p-Tau phosphorylation; these effects were reversed by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. SYR exerts neuroprotective effects on sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulating glial activity, apoptotic signaling, and Tau phosphorylation through the SIRT1 pathway. These findings could inform clinical strategies to safeguard cognitive function in patients undergoing anesthesia.