Cloning of Phytase Genes from Pantoea Sp. 3.5.1 and Bacillus ginsengihumi M2.11 in Pichia pastoris

Signature of dissolved organic matter and microbial communities based on different oxygen levels response during distillers dried grains with solubles plus sugarcane pith co-fermentations

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbial communities during the co-fermentation of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and sugarcane pith at different oxygen levels. In aerobic fermentation (AF), the content of DOM decreased from 32.61 mg/g to 14.14 mg/g, and decreased from 32.61 mg/g to 30.83 mg/g in anaerobic fermentation (ANF). Phenols and alcohols were consumed first in AF, while lipids and proteins were consumed first in ANF. Degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in AF (6.67%, 39.93%, 36.50%) were higher than those in ANF (0.69%, 18.36%, 9.12%). Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota and Ascomycota were the main phyla in community. Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that pH, organic matter (OM) and DOM were the main driving factors of microbial community succession.

Development of synthetic biology tools to engineer Pichia pastoris as a chassis for the production of natural products

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (a.k.a. Komagataella phaffii) is one of the most commonly used hosts for industrial production of recombinant proteins. As a non-conventional yeast, P. pastoris has unique biological characteristics and its expression system has been well developed. With the advances in synthetic biology, more efforts have been devoted to developing P. pastoris into a chassis for the production of various high-value compounds, such as natural products. This review begins with the introduction of synthetic biology tools for the engineering of P. pastoris, including vectors, promoters, and terminators for heterologous gene expression as well as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated System (CRISPR/Cas) for genome editing. This review is then followed by examples of the production of value-added natural products in metabolically engineered P. pastoris strains. Finally, challenges and outlooks in developing P. pastoris as a synthetic biology chassis are prospected.

The Practical Potential of Bacilli and Their Enzymes for Industrial Production

Bacillus spp. are an affordable source of enzymes due to their wide distribution, safety in work, ease of cultivation, and susceptibility to genetic transformations. Researchers are particularly interested in proteolytic enzymes, which constitute one of the most diverse groups of microbial proteins in terms of properties. Despite the long history of their research, this group of enzymes continue to show great potential for practical application in the biomedical industry, as well as in the agricultural industry. Thus, the unique properties of bacillary proteinases, such as stability in a wide range of temperatures and pH, high specificity, biodegradability of a wide range of substrates, and the high potential of sequenced Bacillus genomes are a powerful foundation for the development of new biotechnologies. The current review aims to discuss recent studies on various enzymes in particular, proteinases produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus, along with their prospective practical applications. This article also presents an interpretive summary of the recent developments on the usage of probiotic Bacillus strains as potential feed additives.