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Yuan W, Qiu ZM, Li H, Huang M, Yuan JJ, Niu SL, Chen Q, Yang QW, Ouyang Q. Investigation of the Binding Interaction of Mfsd2a with NEDD4-2 via Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:382-393. [PMID: 38155530 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a) is a sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine cotransporter that plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and neurological function. Abnormal degradation of Mfsd2a often leads to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, while upregulation of Mfsd2a can retrieve neurological damage. It has been reported that Mfsd2a can be specifically recognized and ubiquitinated by neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4 type 2 (NEDD4-2) ubiquitin ligase and finally degraded through the proteasome pathway. However, the structural basis for the specific binding of Mfsd2a to NEDD4-2 is unclear. In this work, we combined deep learning and molecular dynamics simulations to obtain a Mfsd2a structure with high quality and a stable Mfsd2a/NEDD4-2-WW3 interaction model. Moreover, molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) methods coupled with per-residue energy decomposition studies were carried out to analyze the key residues that dominate the binding interaction. Based on these results, we designed three peptides containing the key residues by truncating the Mfsd2a sequences. One of them was found to significantly inhibit Mfsd2a ubiquitination, which was further validated in an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in a human microvascular endothelial cell line. This work provides some new insights into the understanding of Mfsd2a and NEDD4-2 interaction and might promote further development of drugs targeting Mfsd2a ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mouxin Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Sheng-Li Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Fu K, Xu W, Lenahan C, Mo Y, Wen J, Deng T, Huang Q, Guo F, Mo L, Yan J. Autophagy regulates inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: Enemy or friend? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1036313. [PMID: 36726453 PMCID: PMC9884704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1036313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second-largest stroke subtype and has a high mortality and disability rate. Secondary brain injury (SBI) is delayed after ICH. The main contributors to SBI are inflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. Harmful substances from blood and hemolysis, such as hemoglobin, thrombin, and iron, induce SBI. When cells suffer stress, a critical protective mechanism called "autophagy" help to maintain the homeostasis of damaged cells, remove harmful substances or damaged organelles, and recycle them. Autophagy plays a critical role in the pathology of ICH, and its function remains controversial. Several lines of evidence demonstrate a pro-survival role for autophagy in ICH by facilitating the removal of damaged proteins and organelles. However, many studies have found that heme and iron can aggravate SBI by enhancing autophagy. Autophagy and inflammation are essential culprits in the progression of brain injury. It is a fascinating hypothesis that autophagy regulates inflammation in ICH-induced SBI. Autophagy could degrade and clear pro-IL-1β and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) to antagonize NLRP3-mediated inflammation. In addition, mitophagy can remove endogenous activators of inflammasomes, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory components, and cytokines, in damaged mitochondria. However, many studies support the idea that autophagy activates microglia and aggravates microglial inflammation via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. In addition, autophagy can promote ICH-induced SBI through inflammasome-dependent NLRP6-mediated inflammation. Moreover, some resident cells in the brain are involved in autophagy in regulating inflammation after ICH. Some compounds or therapeutic targets that regulate inflammation by autophagy may represent promising candidates for the treatment of ICH-induced SBI. In conclusion, the mutual regulation of autophagy and inflammation in ICH is worth exploring. The control of inflammation by autophagy will hopefully prove to be an essential treatment target for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Yong Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Rheumatism, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Teng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Qianrong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Fangzhou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ligen Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China,Ligen Mo,
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Jun Yan,
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