N-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide is 1-methylnicotinamide metabolite of low cyclooxygenase-dependent vasodilating activity

Antihypertensive activity of different components of Veratrum alkaloids through metabonomic data analysis

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is a serious global public health issue. Blood pressure (BP) is still not effectively controlled in about 20 - 30% of hypertensive patients. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new treatments for hypertension. Veratrum alkaloids were once used for the clinical treatment of hypertension, the mechanism of which is still unclear. It was gradually phased out due to adverse reactions.

PURPOSE

This study aimed to investigate the short-term and long-term hypotensive profiles of different components of Veratrum alkaloids in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) to unveil their mechanisms of action.

RESULTS

Total Veratrum alkaloid (V), component A (A), and veratramine (M) quickly decreased BP within 30 min of treatment, reduced renal and cardiovascular damage, and improved relevant biochemical indicators (nitric oxide [NO], endothelin-1 [ET-1], angiotensin II [Ang II)], noradrenaline [NE], etc) in SHRs to delay stroke occurrence. Thereinto, A exhibited excellent protective effects in cardiovascular disease. The metabolomic profiles of SHRs treated with V, A, and M were significantly different from those of SHRs treated with vehicle. Thirteen metabolites were identified as potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, V, A, and M-induced hypotension was mainly related to alterations in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, GABAergic synapses, linoleic acid metabolism, ketone body synthesis and degradation, arginine and proline metabolism, and urea cycle, of which nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism was the key metabolic pathway to relieve hypertension.

CONCLUSION

This work shows that A is an effective and promising antihypertensive agent for hypertension treatment to reduce BP and hypertensive target organ damage, which is mainly mediated through modulating nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, RAS, and NO-ET homeostasis.

Water mediated synthesis of 6-amino-5-cyano-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(p-tolyl)-2H-[1,2'-bipyridine]-3-carboxamide and 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2H-[1,2'-bipyridine]-3-carboxamide - An experimental and computational studies with non-linear optical (NLO) and molecular docking analyses

6-Amino-5-cyano-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(p-tolyl)-2H-[1,2'-bipyridine]-3-carboxamide and 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2H-[1,2'-bipyridine]-3-carboxamide were synthesized through three-component reaction between N¹,N³-di(pyridin-2-yl)-malonamide, aldehyde and malononitrile in water using triethylamine as a base at room temperature. Synthesized compounds were characterized by using different techniques (FT-IR, NMR and X-ray diffraction). Additionally, the mentioned compounds were investigated by computational chemistry methods. Obtained results were supported with calculated results. Additionally, NLO properties and molecular docking analyses of related compounds were examined in detail. The binding modes of the compounds 4a and 4b were explored with the colchicine binding site of tubulin, from molecular docking studies, remarkable interactions have been observed for 4a and 4b near to the colchicines binding site of tubulin that may contribute to the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and anticancer activity.

Efficient and divergent synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-pyridones from β-keto amides

Efficient and divergent one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-pyridones from β-keto amides based on reaction condition selection was developed. The methodology offers several significant advantages including mild conditions, ease of handling, high yields, and a relatively broad range of substrates. Based on various experiments and observations, a plausible mechanism for the selective synthesis of 2-pyridones was proposed.

Divergent synthesis of 2-pyridones.

Novel construction of diversely functionalized N-heteroaryl-2-pyridones via copper(ii)-catalyzed [3+2+1] annulation

A facile synthesis of diversely functionalized N-heteroaryl-2-pyridones is achieved by Cu(OTf)₂-catalyzed [3+2+1] annulation of various 2-aminopyridines via cascade reaction.