1
|
Genovés P, Arias-Mutis ÓJ, Parra G, Such-Miquel L, Zarzoso M, Del Canto I, Soler C, Díaz A, Blanch E, Alberola A, Such L, Chorro FJ. Development and Long-Term Follow-Up of an Experimental Model of Myocardial Infarction in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091576. [PMID: 32899601 PMCID: PMC7552163 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of death. A series of processes occur during acute myocardial infarction that contribute to the development of ventricular dysfunction, with subsequent heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias, which account for most episodes of sudden cardiac death in these patients. These complications are associated with the adverse cardiac remodeling that occurs during the healing process following an acute episode. The remodeling causes the appearance of a substrate that can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias, such as tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation. The development of experimental models for analyzing the basic mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction enables the study of different therapeutic approaches aimed at improving the patient´s prognosis. The present study describes the methodology and the results obtained in a 5-week chronic infarction (one hour followed by reperfusion) in a rabbit model. The viability of the model, the care provided, the characteristics and extent of the lesions, the inducibility of arrhythmias, and the reproducibility of the methods and results have been analyzed. Abstract A chronic model of acute myocardial infarction was developed to study the mechanisms involved in adverse postinfarction ventricular remodeling. In an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the left circumflex coronary artery of New Zealand White rabbits (n = 9) was occluded by ligature for 1 h, followed by reperfusion. A specific care protocol was applied before, during, and after the intervention, and the results were compared with those of a sham operated group (n = 7). After 5 weeks, programmed stimulation and high-resolution mapping were performed on isolated and perfused hearts using the Langendorff technique. The infarct size determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride inside of the area at risk (thioflavin-S) was then determined. The area at risk was similar in both groups (54.33% (experimental infarct group) vs. 58.59% (sham group), ns). The infarct size was 73.16% as a percentage of the risk area. The experimental infarct group had a higher inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias (100% vs. 43% in the sham group, p = 0.009). A reproducible chronic experimental model of myocardial infarction is presented in which the extent and characteristics of the lesions enable the study of the vulnerability to develop ventricular arrhythmias because of the remodeling process that occurs during cardiac tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Genovés
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Óscar J. Arias-Mutis
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Germán Parra
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Luis Such-Miquel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.Z.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Irene Del Canto
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Electronic Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Soler
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Ana Díaz
- UCIM, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Eva Blanch
- UCIM, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Antonio Alberola
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Such
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.S.); (A.A.); (L.S.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Chorro
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.); (Ó.J.A.-M.); (G.P.); (I.D.C.)
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lozano WM, Calvo CJ, Arias-Mutis OJ, Díaz A, Such-Miquel L, Zhao J, Alberola A, Chorro FJ, Zarzoso M. Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Reduced Heart Rate Variability and Increased Irregularity and Complexity of Short-Term RR Time Series in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080572. [PMID: 31426570 PMCID: PMC6719107 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become more prevalent, owing to increased unhealthy habits and sedentary lifestyles becoming public health problems. Both conditions are linked with a higher prevalence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), but the exact mechanisms are not known. An autonomic nervous system imbalance can produce atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, which cause SCD, and this can be quantified by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). We investigated HRV using time-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear analyses during the development of MetS in rabbits and found HRV modifications that could be associated with the higher prevalence of SCD in this pathological condition. Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been linked to a higher prevalence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), but the mechanisms are not well understood. One possible underlying mechanism may be an abnormal modulation of autonomic activity, which can be quantified by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). Our aim was to investigate the modifications of short-term HRV in an experimental rabbit model during the time-course of MetS development. NZW rabbits were randomly assigned to a control (n = 10) or a MetS group (n = 13), fed 28 weeks with control or high-fat, high-sucrose diets. After anesthesia, a 15-min ECG recording was acquired before diet administration and at weeks 14 and 28. We analyzed short RR time series using time-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear analyses. A mixed-model factorial ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Time-domain analysis showed a 52.4% decrease in the standard deviation of heart rate in animals from the MetS group at week 28, but no changes in the rest of parameters. In the frequency domain, we found a 9.7% decrease in the very low frequency and a 380.0% increase of the low frequency bands in MetS animals at week 28, whereas high frequency remained unchanged. Nonlinear analyses showed increased complexity and irregularity of the RR time series in MetS animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson M Lozano
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Conrado J Calvo
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar J Arias-Mutis
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz
- Unidad Central de Investigación de Medicina (UCIM), Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Such-Miquel
- Department of Physioterapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jichao Zhao
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The Univeristy of Auckland, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antonio Alberola
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Chorro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physioterapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|