1
|
Zhang YY, Xie N, Sun XD, Nice EC, Liou YC, Huang C, Zhu H, Shen Z. Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis. Bone Res 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38368422 PMCID: PMC10874461 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, has led to a high risk of fatal osteoporotic fractures worldwide. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sexual dimorphism is a notable feature of osteoporosis, with sex-specific differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Specifically, females are more susceptible than males to osteoporosis, while males are more prone to disability or death from the disease. To date, sex chromosome abnormalities and steroid hormones have been proven to contribute greatly to sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis by regulating the functions of bone cells. Understanding the sex-specific differences in osteoporosis and its related complications is essential for improving treatment strategies tailored to women and men. This literature review focuses on the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis, mainly in a population of aging patients, chronic glucocorticoid administration, and diabetes. Moreover, we highlight the implications of sexual dimorphism for developing therapeutics and preventive strategies and screening approaches tailored to women and men. Additionally, the challenges in translating bench research to bedside treatments and future directions to overcome these obstacles will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 315040, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fridolfsson C, Thegerström J, Åkesson K, Engvall J, Blomstrand P. Lower left atrial function in young individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls: an echocardiographic study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3982. [PMID: 38368449 PMCID: PMC10874446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In adulthood, individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus may develop a condition of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. However, subclinical changes to the heart in diabetes are likely to occur prior to the clinical presentation. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare left atrial function by echocardiography between 43 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 43 healthy controls, aged 10-30 years. All participants underwent echocardiography and 2D speckle tracking measurements for left atrial phase function parameters. Physical capacity was assessed by exercise test on a bicycle. Results showed that participants with type 1 diabetes had significantly lower left atrial function parameters than healthy controls (p < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between HbA1c means and reservoir and conduit strain (p < 0.05) and individuals with BMI < 30 showed a lower left atrial stiffness (p < 0.05). Individuals with type 1 diabetes and a higher physical capacity did not differ from their healthy peers. Results indicate that lower HbA1c levels, BMI < 30 and a higher physical capacity are favourable in terms of left atrial function in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Left atrial strain by echocardiography might become a new important tool in assessing heart function in T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fridolfsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden.
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Thegerström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (FHL), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Karin Åkesson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Engvall
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Blomstrand
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Natural Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen P, Chen X, Zhang H, Chen J, Lin M, Qian H, Gao F, Chen Y, Gong C, Zheng X, Zheng T. Dexmedetomidine Regulates Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Improve SH-SY5Y-APP Cell Damage Induced by High Glucose. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:415-425. [PMID: 37017880 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and postoperative cognitive dysfunction involve the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). High glucose can inhibit autophagy, which facilitates intracellular Aβ clearance. The α2-adrenoreceptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) can provide neuroprotection against several neurological diseases; however, the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated whether DEX regulated autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway to improve high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y/APP695 cells. SH-SY5Y/APP695 cells were cultured with high glucose with/without DEX. To examine the role of autophagy, the autophagy activator rapamycin (RAPA) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used. The selective AMPK inhibitor compound C was used to investigate the involvement of the AMPK pathway. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by CCK-8 and annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric assays, respectively. Autophagy was analyzed by monodansylcadaverine staining of autophagic vacuoles. Autophagy- and apoptosis-related protein expression and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK/mTOR pathway molecules were quantified by western blotting. DEX pretreatment significantly suppressed high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y/APP695 cells, as evidenced by the enhanced viability, restoration of cellular morphology, and reduction in apoptotic cells. Furthermore, RAPA had a protective effect similar to that of DEX, but 3-MA eliminated the protective effect of DEX by promoting mTOR activation. Moreover, the AMPK/mTOR pathway was involved in DEX-mediated autophagy. Compound C significantly suppressed autophagy and reversed the protective effect of DEX against high glucose in SH-SY5Y/APP695 cells. Our findings demonstrated that DEX protected SH-SY5Y/APP695 cells against high glucose-induced neurotoxicity by upregulating autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway, suggesting a role of DEX in treating POCD in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Chen
- Center for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Cansheng Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Co-constructed Laboratory of "Belt and Road", Fuzhou, China.
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Álvarez-Almazán S, Solís-Domínguez LC, Duperou-Luna P, Fuerte-Gómez T, González-Andrade M, Aranda-Barradas ME, Palacios-Espinosa JF, Pérez-Villanueva J, Matadamas-Martínez F, Miranda-Castro SP, Mercado-Márquez C, Cortés-Benítez F. Anti-Diabetic Activity of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives FC-114 and FC-122: Scale-Up, In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12812. [PMID: 37628991 PMCID: PMC10454726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common diseases and the 8th leading cause of death worldwide. Individuals with T2D are at risk for several health complications that reduce their life expectancy and quality of life. Although several drugs for treating T2D are currently available, many of them have reported side effects ranging from mild to severe. In this work, we present the synthesis in a gram-scale as well as the in silico and in vitro activity of two semisynthetic glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives (namely FC-114 and FC-122) against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase enzymes. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity assay on Human Foreskin fibroblast and the in vivo acute oral toxicity was also conducted. The anti-diabetic activity was determined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after oral administration with FC-114 or FC-122. Results showed that both GA derivatives have potent PTP1B inhibitory activity being FC-122, a dual PTP1B/α-glucosidase inhibitor that could increase insulin sensitivity and reduce intestinal glucose absorption. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and enzymatic kinetics studies revealed the inhibition mechanism of FC-122 against α-glucosidase. Both GA derivatives were safe and showed better anti-diabetic activity in vivo than the reference drug acarbose. Moreover, FC-114 improves insulin levels while decreasing LDL and total cholesterol levels without decreasing HDL cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Álvarez-Almazán
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campus 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico; (S.Á.-A.); (L.C.S.-D.); (T.F.-G.); (M.E.A.-B.); (S.P.M.-C.)
| | - Luz Cassandra Solís-Domínguez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campus 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico; (S.Á.-A.); (L.C.S.-D.); (T.F.-G.); (M.E.A.-B.); (S.P.M.-C.)
| | - Paulina Duperou-Luna
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Isolation of Bioactive Substances, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco (UAM–X), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (P.D.-L.); (J.F.P.-E.); (J.P.-V.); (F.M.-M.)
| | - Teresa Fuerte-Gómez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campus 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico; (S.Á.-A.); (L.C.S.-D.); (T.F.-G.); (M.E.A.-B.); (S.P.M.-C.)
| | - Martin González-Andrade
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Molecular Modelling, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María E. Aranda-Barradas
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campus 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico; (S.Á.-A.); (L.C.S.-D.); (T.F.-G.); (M.E.A.-B.); (S.P.M.-C.)
| | - Juan Francisco Palacios-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Isolation of Bioactive Substances, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco (UAM–X), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (P.D.-L.); (J.F.P.-E.); (J.P.-V.); (F.M.-M.)
| | - Jaime Pérez-Villanueva
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Isolation of Bioactive Substances, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco (UAM–X), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (P.D.-L.); (J.F.P.-E.); (J.P.-V.); (F.M.-M.)
| | - Félix Matadamas-Martínez
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Isolation of Bioactive Substances, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco (UAM–X), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (P.D.-L.); (J.F.P.-E.); (J.P.-V.); (F.M.-M.)
| | - Susana Patricia Miranda-Castro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campus 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico; (S.Á.-A.); (L.C.S.-D.); (T.F.-G.); (M.E.A.-B.); (S.P.M.-C.)
| | - Crisóforo Mercado-Márquez
- Isolation and Animal Facility Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán 28, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Cortés-Benítez
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Isolation of Bioactive Substances, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco (UAM–X), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (P.D.-L.); (J.F.P.-E.); (J.P.-V.); (F.M.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yeo HJ, Shin MJ, Yoo KY, Jung BH, Eum WS, Choi SY. Tat-CIAPIN1 Prevents Pancreatic β-Cell Death in hIAPP-Induced RINm5F Cells and T2DM Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10478. [PMID: 37445656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) protein plays an important role in biological progresses as an anti-apoptotic protein. Human islet amyloid peptide (hIAPP), known as amylin, is caused to pancreatic β-cell death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the function of CIAPIN1 protein on T2DM is not yet well studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CIAPIN1 protein on a hIAPP-induced RINm5F cell and T2DM animal model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The Tat-CIAPIN1 protein reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and regulated the apoptosis-related protein expression levels including COX-2, iNOS, Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 in hIAPP-induced RINm5F cells. In a T2DM mice model, the Tat-CIAPIN1 protein ameliorated the pathological changes of pancreatic β-cells and reduced the fasting blood glucose, body weight and hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) levels. In conclusion, the Tat-CIAPIN1 protein showed protective effects against T2DM by protection of β-cells via inhibition of hIAPP toxicity and by regulation of a MAPK signal pathway, suggesting CIAPIN1 protein can be a therapeutic protein drug candidate by beneficial regulation of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhirong Z, Li H, Yi L, Lichen Z, Ruiwu D. Ferroptosis in pancreatic diseases: potential opportunities and challenges that require attention. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00894-7. [PMID: 36929283 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an abdominal organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions, and patients with pancreatic diseases suffer tremendously. The regulated cell death of various cells in the pancreas is thought to play a key role in disease development. As one of the newly discovered regulated cell death modalities, ferroptosis has the potential for therapeutic applications in the study of multiple diseases. Ferroptosis has been observed in several pancreatic diseases, but its role in pancreatic diseases has not been systematically elucidated or reviewed. Understanding the occurrence of ferroptosis in various pancreatic diseases after damage to the different cell types is crucial in determining disease progression, evaluating targeted therapies, and predicting disease prognosis. Herein, we summarize the research progress associated with ferroptosis in four common pancreatic diseases, namely acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the elucidation of ferroptosis in rare pancreatic diseases may provide sociological benefits in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhirong
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Li
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu Yi
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Lichen
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.,Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dai Ruiwu
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China. .,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China. .,Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Natural Compounds as DPP-4 Inhibitors: 3D-Similarity Search, ADME Toxicity, and Molecular Docking Approaches. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century, caused by a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, high blood pressure, family history, and obesity. To date, there are no known complete cures for type 2 diabetes. To identify bioactive natural products (NPs) to manage type 2 diabetes, the NPs from the ZINC15 database (ZINC-NPs DB) were screened using a 3D shape similarity search, molecular docking approaches, and ADMETox approaches. Frequently, in silico studies result in asymmetric structures as “hit” molecules. Therefore, the asymmetrical FDA-approved diabetes drugs linagliptin (8-[(3R)-3-aminopiperidin-1-yl]-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl]purine-2,6-dione), sitagliptin ((3R)-3-amino-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7-yl]-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one), and alogliptin (2-[[6-[(3R)-3-aminopiperidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl]methyl]benzonitrile) were used as queries to virtually screen the ZINC-NPs DB and detect novel potential dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. The most promising NPs, characterized by the best sets of similarity and ADMETox features, were used during the molecular docking stage. The results highlight that 11 asymmetrical NPs out of 224,205 NPs are potential DPP-4 candidates from natural sources and deserve consideration for further in vitro/in vivo tests.
Collapse
|
8
|
Heteroleptic oxidovanadium(IV)-malate complex improves glucose uptake in HepG2 and enhances insulin action in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biometals 2022; 35:903-919. [PMID: 35778658 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a complex and heterogeneous disease associated with hyperglycemia, is a leading cause of mortality and reduces life expectancy. Vanadium complexes have been studied for the treatment of diabetes. The effect of complex [VO(bpy)(mal)]·H2O (complex A) was evaluated in a human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line and in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats conditioned in seven groups with different treatments (n = 10 animals per group). Electron paramagnetic resonance and 51V NMR analyses of complex A in high-glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) revealed the oxidation and hydrolysis of the oxidovanadium(IV) complex over a period of 24 h at 37 °C to give low-nuclearity vanadates "V1" (H2VO4-), "V2" (H2V2O72-), and "V4" (V4O124-). In HepG2 cells, complex A exhibited low cytotoxic effects at concentrations 2.5 to 7.5 μmol L-1 (IC50 10.53 μmol L-1) and increased glucose uptake (2-NBDG) up to 93%, an effect similar to insulin. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, complex A at 10 and 30 mg kg-1 administered by oral gavage for 12 days did not affect the animals, suggesting low toxicity or metabolic impairment during the experimental period. Compared to insulin treatment alone, complex A (30 mg kg-1) in association with insulin was found to improve glycemia (30.6 ± 6.3 mmol L-1 vs. 21.1 ± 8.6 mmol L-1, respectively; p = 0.002), resulting in approximately 30% additional reduction in glycemia. The insulin-enhancing effect of complex A was associated with low toxicity and was achieved via oral administration, suggesting the potential of complex A as a promising candidate for the adjuvant treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Impact of Molecular Symmetry/Asymmetry on Insulin-Sensitizing Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the advantages and disadvantages of asymmetrical thiazolidinediones as insulin-sensitizers have been well-studied, the relevance of symmetry and asymmetry for thiazolidinediones and biguanides has scarcely been explored. Regarding symmetrical molecules, only one thiazolidinedione and no biguanides have been evaluated and proposed as an antihyperglycemic agent for treating type 2 diabetes. Since molecular structure defines physicochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties, it is important to gain greater insights into poorly investigated patterns. For example, compounds with intrinsic antioxidant properties commonly have low toxicity. Additionally, the molecular symmetry and asymmetry of ligands are each associated with affinity for certain types of receptors. An advantageous response obtained in one therapeutic application may imply a poor or even adverse effect in another. Within the context of general patterns, each compound must be assessed individually. The current review aimed to summarize the available evidence for the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing symmetrical and asymmetrical thiazolidinediones and biguanides as insulin sensitizers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Other applications of these same compounds are also examined as well as the various uses of additional symmetrical molecules. More research is needed to exploit the potential of symmetrical molecules as insulin sensitizers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Colin-Lozano B, Torres-Gomez H, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Chávez-Silva F, Estrada-Soto S, Almanza-Pérez JC, Navarrete-Vazquez G. Synthesis, In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Antidiabetic Bioassays of 4-Nitro(thio)phenoxyisobutyric Acids Acting as Unexpected PPARγ Modulators: An In Combo Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010102. [PMID: 35056159 PMCID: PMC8779174 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Four isobutyric acids (two nitro and two acetamido derivatives) were prepared in two steps and characterized using spectral analysis. The mRNA concentrations of PPARγ and GLUT-4 (two proteins documented as key diabetes targets) were increased by 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with compounds 1–4, but an absence of in vitro expression of PPARα was observed. Docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed the plausible interaction between the synthesized compounds and PPARγ. In vivo studies established that compounds 1–4 have antihyperglycemic modes of action associated with insulin sensitization. Nitrocompound 2 was the most promising of the series, being orally active, and one of multiple modes of action could be selective PPARγ modulation due to its extra anchoring with Gln-286. In conclusion, we demonstrated that nitrocompound 2 showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered as an experimental antidiabetic candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Colin-Lozano
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Héctor Torres-Gomez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Products and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
- CONACyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (B.C.-L.); (H.T.-G.); (S.H.-F.); (F.C.-S.); (S.E.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-777-329-7089 (ext. 2322)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
In Vivo and Ex Vivo Evaluation of 1,3-Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione Derivatives as Euglycemic Agents. PPAR Res 2022; 2021:5100531. [PMID: 35003235 PMCID: PMC8741387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, act as full agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Unfortunately, they produce adverse effects, including weight gain, hepatic toxicity, and heart failure. Our group previously reported the design, synthesis, in silico evaluation, and acute oral toxicity test of two TZD derivatives, compounds 40 (C40) and 81 (C81), characterized as category 5 and 4, respectively, under the Globally Harmonized System. The aim of this study was to determine whether C40, C81, and a new compound, C4, act as euglycemic and antioxidant agents in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7): the control, those with diabetes and untreated, and those with diabetes and treated with pioglitazone, C40, C81, or C4 (daily for 21 days). At the end of the experiment, tissue samples were collected to quantify the level of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and liver enzymes, as well as enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity. C4, without a hypoglycemic effect, displayed the best antioxidant activity. Whereas C81 could only attenuate the elevated level of blood glucose, C40 generated euglycemia by the end of the treatment. All compounds produced a significant decrease in triglycerides.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jasenovec T, Radosinska D, Kollarova M, Balis P, Ferenczyova K, Kalocayova B, Bartekova M, Tothova L, Radosinska J. Beneficial Effect of Quercetin on Erythrocyte Properties in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:4868. [PMID: 34443451 PMCID: PMC8401571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by tissue oxidative damage and impaired microcirculation, as well as worsened erythrocyte properties. Measurements of erythrocyte deformability together with determination of nitric oxide (NO) production and osmotic resistance were used for the characterization of erythrocyte functionality in lean (control) and obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats of two age categories. Obese ZDF rats correspond to prediabetic (younger) and diabetic (older) animals. As antioxidants were suggested to protect erythrocytes, we also investigated the potential effect of quercetin (20 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks). Erythrocyte deformability was determined by the filtration method and NO production using DAF-2DA fluorescence. For erythrocyte osmotic resistance, we used hemolytic assay. Erythrocyte deformability and NO production deteriorated during aging-both were lower in older ZDF rats than in younger ones. Three-way ANOVA indicates improved erythrocyte deformability after quercetin treatment in older obese ZDF rats only, as it was not modified or deteriorated in both (lean and obese) younger and older lean animals. NO production by erythrocytes increased post treatment in all experimental groups. Our study indicates the potential benefit of quercetin treatment on erythrocyte properties in condition of diabetes mellitus. In addition, our results suggest potential age-dependency of quercetin effects in diabetes that deserve additional research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jasenovec
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.J.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Dominika Radosinska
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odborarske Namestie 14, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Marta Kollarova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.J.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Peter Balis
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.B.); (K.F.); (B.K.)
| | - Kristina Ferenczyova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.B.); (K.F.); (B.K.)
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.B.); (K.F.); (B.K.)
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.J.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.B.); (K.F.); (B.K.)
| | - Lubomira Tothova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Radosinska
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.J.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.B.); (K.F.); (B.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A New Symmetrical Thiazolidinedione Derivative: In Silico Design, Synthesis, and In Vivo Evaluation on a Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model of Diabetes. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
By activating PPAR-γ, thiazolidinediones normalize glucose levels in animal models of type 2 diabetes and in patients with this pathology. The aim of the present study was to analyze 219 new derivatives in silico and select the best for synthesis, to be evaluated for acute oral toxicity in female rats and for control of diabetes-related parameters in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The best compound was chosen based on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological parameters obtained in silico and binding orientation observed by docking simulations on PPAR-γ. Compound 1G was synthesized by a quick and easy Knoevenagel condensation. Acute oral toxicity was found at a dose greater than 2000 mg/Kg. Compound 1G apparently produces therapeutic effects similar to those of pioglitazone, decreasing glycaemia and triglyceride levels in diabetic animals, without liver damage. Moreover, it did not cause a significant weight gain and tended to reduce polydipsia and polyphagia, while diminishing systemic inflammation related to TNF-α and IL-6. It lowered the level of endogenous antioxidant molecules such as reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase. In conclusion, 1G may be a candidate for further testing as an euglycemic agent capable of preventing the complications of diabetes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Verma AK, Goyal Y, Bhatt D, Dev K, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A. A Compendium of Perspectives on Diabetes: A Challenge for Sustainable Health in the Modern Era. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2775-2787. [PMID: 34168477 PMCID: PMC8216699 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s304751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic illness. Hyperglycemia is the characteristic of this disorder. Diabetes is a global crisis which affects the economy and health of all nations. Over the last decades, the number of individuals living with diabetes has significantly increased worldwide. Asia is a key epicenter of the emerging diabetes epidemic, with China and India the two nations having the highest number of diabetic people. Economic development, modernization, unhealthy diet, population aging, and sedentary lifestyles are the major factors responsible for the increasing diabetes epidemic. Diabetes is associated with several complications, and cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality among people with diabetes. These life-threatening problems can be prevented or delayed by proper management of diabetes. Lifestyle modification is an important factor to decrease the diabetes risk. The frequency of diabetic complications will rise if there is a lack of cost-effective and sustainable interventions. Hence, prevention of diabetes and its complications such as diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular disease should be a crucial part of all future health-related public policies among all nations. This review summarizes current epidemiological aspects of diabetes in the world along with its complications, preventive measures, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berlanga-Acosta J, Fernández-Mayola M, Mendoza-Marí Y, García-Ojalvo A, Playford RJ, Guillen-Nieto G. Intralesional Infiltrations of Cell-Free Filtrates Derived from Human Diabetic Tissues Delay the Healing Process and Recreate Diabetes Histopathological Changes in Healthy Rats. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2021; 2:617741. [PMID: 36994347 PMCID: PMC10012095 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2021.617741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lower limb ulcers in type-2 diabetic patients are a frequent complication that tributes to amputation and reduces survival. We hypothesized that diabetic healing impairment and other histopathologic hallmarks are mediated by a T2DM-induced tissue priming/metabolic memory that can be transferred from humans to healthy recipient animals and consequently reproduce diabetic donor’s phenotypes. We examined the effect of human T2DM tissue homogenates injected into non-diabetic rat excisional wounds. Fresh granulation tissue, popliteal artery, and peroneal nerve of patients with T2DM were obtained following amputation. Post-mammoplasty granulation and post-traumatic amputation-tissue of normal subjects acted as controls. The homogenates were intralesionally injected for 6–7 days into rats’ excisional thickness wounds. Infiltration with the different homogenates caused impaired wound closure, inflammation, nerve degeneration, and arterial thickening (all P < 0.01 vs relevant control) resembling histopathology of diabetic donor tissues. Control materials caused marginal inflammation only. Infiltration with glycated bovine albumin provoked inflammation and wound healing delay but did not induce arterial thickening. The reproduction of human diabetic traits in healthy recipient animals through a tissue homogenate support the notion on the existence of tissue metabolic memory-associated and transmissible factors, involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. These may have futuristic clinical implications for medical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Jorge Berlanga-Acosta,
| | - Maday Fernández-Mayola
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Marí
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Ariana García-Ojalvo
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Raymond J. Playford
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerardo Guillen-Nieto
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ming Y, Ma QH, Han XL, Li HY. Molecular hydrogen improves type 2 diabetes through inhibiting oxidative stress. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:359-366. [PMID: 32537002 PMCID: PMC7291681 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. Following maintenance on a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, a T2DM model was established using an injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin via the caudal vein into Sprague-Dawley rats. On day 0 and Day 80, the blood samples were obtained from each rat for the measurement of biochemical indicators including blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, hepatic glycogen, fasting serum insulin, insulin sensitivity index, insulin resistance index, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The kidneys and pancreas tissues were harvested for HE staining and Western blot assay of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), phosphorylated (p)-p65, p65, p-IκB and IκB. The results showed that in rats with T2DM, molecular hydrogen treatment decreased fasting blood glucose levels, increased hepatic glycogen synthesis and improved insulin sensitivity. Treatment with molecular hydrogen also increased the production of SOD whilst decreasing the production of MDA. In addition, molecular hydrogen alleviated the pathological changes exhibited by pancreatic islets and kidney during T2DM. Mechanistically, molecular hydrogen decreased TLR4 and MyD88 expression levels whilst also decreasing p65 and NF-κB inhibitor phosphorylation. In conclusion, molecular hydrogen exerted therapeutic effects against T2DM by improving hyperglycemia and inhibiting oxidative stress through mechanisms that are associated with the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ming
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Hang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Li Han
- Department of Encephalopathy, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kristiansen E, Wanby P, Åkesson K, Blomstrand P, Brudin L, Thegerström J. Assessing heart rate variability in type 1 diabetes mellitus-Psychosocial stress a possible confounder. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2020; 25:e12760. [PMID: 32353221 PMCID: PMC7507550 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic neuropathy (AN) commonly arises as a long-term complication in diabetes mellitus and can be diagnosed from heart rate variability (HRV), calculated from electrocardiogram recordings. Psychosocial stress also affects HRV and could be one of several confounders for cardiac AN. The present work investigated the impact of psychosocial stress on HRV in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and assessed the use of salivary cortisol as a biomarker for psychosocial stress in this context. METHODS A total of 167 individuals 6-60 years old (113 with T1DM and 54 healthy controls) underwent 24-hr ECG recordings with HRV analysis. Salivary cortisol was sampled thrice during the registration day. Perceived psychosocial stress along with other factors of possible importance for the interpretation of HRV was documented in a diary. RESULTS Heart rate variability (high-frequency power during sleep) was reduced (p < .05) with older age, longer diabetes duration, higher mean glucose levels, physical inactivity, and perceived psychosocial stress. Salivary cortisol levels in the evening were increased (p < .05) in women in ovulation phase, in individuals with preceding hypoglycemia or with hyperglycemia. The amplitude of salivary cortisol was reduced (p < .05) with the presence of perceived psychosocial stress, but only in adult healthy controls, not in individuals with diabetes. CONCLUSION Psychosocial stress might be a confounder for reduced HRV when diagnosing cardiac AN in T1DM. Salivary cortisol is, however, not a useful biomarker for psychosocial stress in diabetes since the physiological stress of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia seems to overrule the effect of psychosocial stress on cortisol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kristiansen
- Department of Pediatrics, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Pär Wanby
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Karin Åkesson
- Futurum - Academy for Health and Care, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Blomstrand
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Brudin
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|