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Espona-Fiedler M, Patthey C, Lindblad S, Sarró I, Öhlund D. Overcoming therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer: New insights and future directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116492. [PMID: 39153553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030 and this is mostly due to therapy failure. Limited treatment options and resistance to standard-of-care (SoC) therapies makes PDAC one of the cancer types with poorest prognosis and survival rates [1,2]. Pancreatic tumors are renowned for their poor response to therapeutic interventions including targeted therapies, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Herein, we review hallmarks of therapy resistance in PDAC and current strategies aiming to tackle escape mechanisms and to re-sensitize cancer cells to therapy. We will further provide insights on recent advances in the field of drug discovery, nanomedicine, and disease models that are setting the ground for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Espona-Fiedler
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Cedric Patthey
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Lindblad
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irina Sarró
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Öhlund
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden.
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Nakamura H, Watanabe M, Takada K, Sato T, Hikage F, Umetsu A, Muramatsu J, Furuhashi M, Ohguro H. Modulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is a Possible Underlying Mechanism for Inducing Chemoresistance in MIA PaCa-2 Cells against Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1011. [PMID: 38790973 PMCID: PMC11118094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the currently unknown molecular mechanisms responsible for the similarity and difference during the acquirement of resistance against gemcitabine (GEM) and paclitaxel (PTX) in patients with pancreatic carcinoma, we examined two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of parent MIA PaCa-2 cells (MIA PaCa-2-PA) and their GEM resistance cell line (MIA PaCa-2-GR) and PTX resistance (MIA PaCa-2-PR). Using these cells, we examined 3D spheroid configurations and cellular metabolism, including mitochondrial and glycolytic functions, with a Seahorse bio-analyzer and RNA sequencing analysis. Compared to the MIA PaCa-2-PA, (1) the formation of the 3D spheroids of MIA PaCa-2-GR or -PR was much slower, and (2) their mitochondrial and glycolytic functions were greatly modulated in MIA PaCa-2-GR or -PR, and such metabolic changes were also different between their 2D and 3D culture conditions. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using an ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) suggested that various modulatory factors related to epithelial -mesenchymal transition (EMT) including STAT3, GLI1, ZNF367, NKX3-2, ZIC2, IFIT2, HEY1 and FBLX, may be the possible upstream regulators and/or causal network master regulators responsible for the acquirement of drug resistance in MIA PaCa-2-GR and -PR. In addition, among the prominently altered DEGs (Log2 fold changes more than 6 or less than -6), FABP5, IQSEC3, and GASK1B were identified as unique genes associated with their antisense RNA or pseudogenes, and among these, FABP5 and GASK1B are known to function as modulators of cancerous EMT. Therefore, the observations reported herein suggest that modulations of cancerous EMT may be key molecular mechanisms that are responsible for inducing chemoresistance against GEM or PTX in MIA PaCa-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nakamura
- Departments of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.N.); (K.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.W.); (F.H.); (A.U.)
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Departments of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.N.); (K.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.S.); (M.F.)
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.W.); (F.H.); (A.U.)
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.W.); (F.H.); (A.U.)
| | - Joji Muramatsu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.N.); (K.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.W.); (F.H.); (A.U.)
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Ahmad Zawawi SS, Salleh EA, Musa M. Spheroids and organoids derived from colorectal cancer as tools for in vitro drug screening. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:409-431. [PMID: 38745769 PMCID: PMC11090692 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture employing cell lines was developed to study the molecular properties of CRC in vitro. Although these cell lines which are isolated from the tumor niche in which cancer develop, the translation to human model such as studying drug response is often hindered by the inability of cell lines to recapture original tumor features and the lack of heterogeneous clinical tumors represented by this 2D model, differed from in vivo condition. These limitations which may be overcome by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) culture consisting of spheroids and organoids. Over the past decade, great advancements have been made in optimizing culture method to establish spheroids and organoids of solid tumors including of CRC for multiple purposes including drug screening and establishing personalized medicine. These structures have been proven to be versatile and robust models to study CRC progression and deciphering its heterogeneity. This review will describe on advances in 3D culture technology and the application as well as the challenges of CRC-derived spheroids and organoids as a mode to screen for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elyn Amiela Salleh
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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El-Kashef DH, Obidake DD, Schiedlauske K, Deipenbrock A, Scharf S, Wang H, Naumann D, Friedrich D, Miljanovic S, Haj Hassani Sohi T, Janiak C, Pfeffer K, Teusch N. Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from the Marine Sediment-Derived Fungus Aspergillus chevalieri against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:5. [PMID: 38276643 PMCID: PMC10820104 DOI: 10.3390/md22010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A new prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloid, rubrumline P (1), was isolated along with six more analogues and characterized from the fermentation culture of a marine sediment-derived fungus, Aspergillus chevalieri, collected at a depth of 15 m near the lighthouse in Dahab, Red Sea, Egypt. In the current study, a bioassay-guided fractionation allowed for the identification of an active fraction displaying significant cytotoxic activity against the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1 from the EtOAc extract of the investigated fungus compared to the standard paclitaxel. The structures of the isolated compounds from the active fraction were established using 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, together with comparisons with the literature. The absolute configuration of the obtained indole diketopiperazines was established based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of rubrumline I (2) and comparisons of optical rotations and NMR data, as well as on biogenetic considerations. Genome sequencing indicated the formation of prenyltransferases, which was subsequently confirmed by the isolation of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraprenylated compounds. Compounds rubrumline P (1) and neoechinulin D (4) confirmed preferential cytotoxic activity against PANC-1 cancer cells with IC50 values of 25.8 and 23.4 µM, respectively. Although the underlying mechanism-of-action remains elusive in this study, cell cycle analysis indicated a slight increase in the sub-G1 peak after treatment with compounds 1 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H. El-Kashef
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Deborah D. Obidake
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.)
| | - Katja Schiedlauske
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.)
| | - Alina Deipenbrock
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.)
| | - Sebastian Scharf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hao Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Daniela Naumann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Friedrich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Miljanovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.)
| | - Takin Haj Hassani Sohi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Teusch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.)
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Tunable hybrid hydrogels with multicellular spheroids for modeling desmoplastic pancreatic cancer. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:360-373. [PMID: 36879666 PMCID: PMC9984297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of diverse, complex etiological factors. The matrix component of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) plays an important role not only in physical properties such as tissue rigidity but also in cancer progression and therapeutic responsiveness. Although significant efforts have been made to model desmoplastic PDAC, existing models could not fully recapitulate the etiology to mimic and understand the progression of PDAC. Here, two major components in desmoplastic pancreatic matrices, hyaluronic acid- and gelatin-based hydrogels, are engineered to provide matrices for tumor spheroids composed of PDAC and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Shape analysis profiles reveals that incorporating CAF contributes to a more compact tissue formation. Higher expression levels of markers associated with proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, mechanotransduction, and progression are observed for cancer-CAF spheroids cultured in hyper desmoplastic matrix-mimicking hydrogels, while the trend can be observed when those are cultured in desmoplastic matrix-mimicking hydrogels with the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The proposed multicellular pancreatic tumor model, in combination with proper mechanical properties and TGF-β1 supplement, makes strides in developing advanced pancreatic models for resembling and monitoring the progression of pancreatic tumors, which could be potentially applicable for realizing personalized medicine and drug testing applications.
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Adant I, Bird M, Decru B, Windmolders P, Wallays M, de Witte P, Rymen D, Witters P, Vermeersch P, Cassiman D, Ghesquière B. Pyruvate and uridine rescue the metabolic profile of OXPHOS dysfunction. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101537. [PMID: 35772644 PMCID: PMC9287363 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) are a large, heterogeneous group of genetic disorders affecting mitochondrial function, mostly by disrupting the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Understanding the cellular metabolic re-wiring occurring in PMD is crucial for the development of novel diagnostic tools and treatments, as PMD are often complex to diagnose and most of them currently have no effective therapy. Objectives To characterize the cellular metabolic consequences of OXPHOS dysfunction and based on the metabolic signature, to design new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods In vitro assays were performed in skin-derived fibroblasts obtained from patients with diverse PMD and validated in pharmacological models of OXPHOS dysfunction. Proliferation was assessed using the Incucyte technology. Steady-state glucose and glutamine tracing studies were performed with LC-MS quantification of cellular metabolites. The therapeutic potential of nutritional supplements was evaluated by assessing their effect on proliferation and on the metabolomics profile. Successful therapies were then tested in a in vivo lethal rotenone model in zebrafish. Results OXPHOS dysfunction has a unique metabolic signature linked to an NAD+/NADH imbalance including depletion of TCA intermediates and aspartate, and increased levels of glycerol-3-phosphate. Supplementation with pyruvate and uridine fully rescues this altered metabolic profile and the subsequent proliferation deficit. Additionally, in zebrafish, the same nutritional treatment increases the survival after rotenone exposure. Conclusions Our findings reinforce the importance of the NAD+/NADH imbalance following OXPHOS dysfunction in PMD and open the door to new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for PMD. OXPHOS deficiency causes a distinct metabolic profile linked to a NAD+/NADH imbalance. Depleted intracellular aspartic acid is a potential biomarker for OXPHOS dysfunction. Therapy with pyruvate and uridine corrects the metabolic profile of OXPHOS deficiency. Pyruvate and uridine treatment increases survival in a lethal rotenone zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Adant
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Matthew Bird
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Bram Decru
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Petra Windmolders
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Marie Wallays
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Metabolic Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Witters
- Metabolic Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolic Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, CCB-VIB, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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