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Ajithkumar P, Vasantharajan SS, Pattison S, McCall JL, Rodger EJ, Chatterjee A. Exploring Potential Epigenetic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:874. [PMID: 38255946 PMCID: PMC10815915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression is a complex, multistep process and the leading cause of cancer mortality. There is growing evidence that emphasises the significance of epigenetic modification, specifically DNA methylation and histone modifications, in influencing colorectal (CRC) metastasis. Epigenetic modifications influence the expression of genes involved in various cellular processes, including the pathways associated with metastasis. These modifications could contribute to metastatic progression by enhancing oncogenes and silencing tumour suppressor genes. Moreover, specific epigenetic alterations enable cancer cells to acquire invasive and metastatic characteristics by altering cell adhesion, migration, and invasion-related pathways. Exploring the involvement of DNA methylation and histone modification is crucial for identifying biomarkers that impact cancer prediction for metastasis in CRC. This review provides a summary of the potential epigenetic biomarkers associated with metastasis in CRC, particularly DNA methylation and histone modifications, and examines the pathways associated with these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshana Ajithkumar
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (P.A.)
| | - Sai Shyam Vasantharajan
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (P.A.)
| | - Sharon Pattison
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - John L. McCall
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Euan J. Rodger
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (P.A.)
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (P.A.)
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES University, Dehradun 248007, India
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Erol Ö, Beyhan E, Şahin R, Baloğlu MC, Çermik TF. Sigmoid Colon Carcinoma Presenting in Inguinoscrotal Hernia With FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e133-e134. [PMID: 34238807 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Primary carcinoma of the sigmoid colon in an inguinal hernia is a rare condition. We present a 79-year-old man diagnosed with sigmoid colon carcinoma referred to 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. PET/CT showed the primary lesion in the inguinal hernia into scrotum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Erol
- From the Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ji X, Dong A. FDG PET/CT in Isolated Spermatic Cord Metastasis From Colon Cancer. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e81-e82. [PMID: 34874356 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Isolated spermatic cord metastasis is extremely rare. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of isolated spermatic cord metastasis from colon cancer detected 27 months after colectomy. The tumor showed intense focal FDG uptake in the right spermatic cord mimicking a primary spermatic cord malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ji
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province
| | - Aisheng Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Lee JI, Cho SS, Shin US, Jeon BH, Moon SM, Kim Y, Yang KY, Kim BI. Implication of FDG-PET/CT without synchronous colonic lesion in patients with stenotic left-sided colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14730. [PMID: 34282192 PMCID: PMC8290029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is useful for detecting synchronous colorectal cancer (CRC) in stenotic CRC, long-term outcomes of patients without synchronous FDG-avid lesions are not well reported. We investigated postoperative colonoscopy results in patients with left-sided stenosing CRC without synchronous FDG-avid lesions. In this retrospective review, 754 patients with left-sided CRC without synchronous FDG-avid lesions on preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT were divided into two groups based on the completeness of preoperative colonoscopy. Propensity score matching was performed to balance baseline characteristics. Results of postoperative colonoscopy were compared in both the unmatched and matched cohorts. At 1 and 5 years after surgery, the cumulative risk of advanced adenoma (AA) or carcinoma (CA) in all patients, risk of CA, and additional surgical risk were 1.8% and 10.1%, 0.1% and 0.4%, and 0% and 0.5%, respectively. In both cohorts, the AA risk was significantly higher in the incomplete colonoscopy group. However, the risk of CA showed no between-group difference in the matched cohort. Additional surgical risk did not differ between the two groups. Thus, the finding of negative FDG-avid lesions in the proximal colon in addition to the target CRC ensures the absence of additional lesions warranting surgical plan changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Sik Cho
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui Sup Shin
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Byong Ho Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Moon
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younjoo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Young Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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