Development and validation of a short-form suboptimal health status questionnaire

Determinants of life satisfaction in older adults with diabetes in China: a national cross-sectional study

Background

The life satisfaction (LS) of individuals among older adults with diabetes should not be neglected. However, current research provides limited insight into the LS of older adults with diabetes in China. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to assess the current life satisfaction status of older adults with diabetes in China, to delve into the factors influencing it, and to identify the key factors.

Methods

This study selected 1,304 patients with diabetes from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing life satisfaction among diabetic patients, and a random forest model was further utilized to rank the importance of significant influencing factors.

Results

30.14% of older adults with diabetes were dissatisfied with their lives. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis shows that self-assessed health status, self-assessed economic status, depressive symptoms, exercise, living arrangements, hearing impairment, and cognitive impairment all significantly affect the life satisfaction of older adults with diabetics. The OR values for self-assessed health and self-assessed economic status are relatively high, patients with fair and poor self-assessed health was 5.03 times and 9.72 times higher risk of life dissatisfaction compared to those with good self-assessed health (fair: OR = 5.03, 95% CI: 3.46-7.31; poor: OR = 9.72, 95% CI: 6.20-15.26). The risk of feeling dissatisfied with life was 7.69 times higher in patients with poor self-assessed economic status than in those with good self-assessed economic status (OR = 7.69, 95%CI: 4.25-13.89). The random forest results showed that the order of importance from highest to lowest was self-assessed health status, self-assessed economic status, depressive symptoms, exercise, living arrangements, hearing impairment, and cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

Our study reveals that the current rate of life satisfaction among older adults with diabetes is significantly high. Therefore, it is essential to implement measures from multiple perspectives for effective prevention and intervention. Among these factors, priority should be given to interventions focusing on economic support and health management, as these measures may serve as crucial protective factors in enhancing the well-being of older adults with diabetes.

Analysis of nursing staff job satisfaction and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study of 38 hospitals/nursing homes in China

Background

Nurses' job satisfaction directly impacts their attitudes and efficiency at work. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing job satisfaction among nursing professionals in China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study utilized an online questionnaire to assess the job satisfaction, work conditions, and sociodemographic characteristics of nursing professionals in China. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Spearman correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis.

Results

The study collected 605 questionnaires from 38 hospitals and nursing homes in Nantong. Among them, 599 were valid responses, resulting in a validity rate of 99%. The majority of participants were aged 51-60 (43.14%) and were female (91.65%). The multivariate model results indicated that age, work location, and policy understanding significantly influenced overall job satisfaction. Specifically, the 51-60 age group and those aged ≥61 had a positive impact on overall satisfaction compared to the ≤30 age group (β = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.43 to 1.47; β = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.82 to 2.25). Compared to working in a hospital, working in a nursing home had a negative impact (β = -1.13, 95%CI = -2.10 to -0.17). Additionally, lower policy understanding negatively affected overall job satisfaction.

Conclusion

This study found that age, workplace, and policy understanding are factors influencing the job satisfaction of nursing staff. Therefore, corresponding measures should be taken for young nurses and those working in nursing homes, such as improving welfare benefits and reducing work pressure, to enhance their job satisfaction. In addition, training for all nursing staff should be strengthened to improve their understanding of relevant policies, thereby increasing job satisfaction and retention rates. This will help better meet the growing demand for nursing services.

The prevalence of suboptimal health status among Chinese secondary school students and its relationship with family health: the mediating role of perceived stress and problematic internet use

BACKGROUND

The health status of secondary school students has received widespread attention, and family plays an extremely important role in protecting and promoting their health. However, the relationship between family health and suboptimal health status (SHS) among secondary school students and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to understand the prevalence of SHS among Chinese secondary school students and analyze the relationship between family health and SHS, and examine the mediating roles of perceived stress and problematic internet use.

METHODS

The 2,094 secondary school students (52.6% boys, 47.4% girls, Mage ± SD = 15.74 ± 1.78) of this study came from "2022 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents, PBICR". The chi-square test and t-test were used to analyze the prevalence of SHS in secondary school students with different characteristics. The SPSS PROCESS macro software was used to explore the relationship between family health and SHS and the mediating effects of perceived stress and problematic internet use.

RESULTS

The prevalence of SHS among Chinese secondary school students was 40.7%, and older students, girls, non-only child, high school students, smokers, drinkers, and students living in the Northeast region of China had higher prevalence. Family health, SHS, perceived stress, and problematic internet use were significantly related (P < 0.001). Family health had a negative effect on SHS (β = -0.127, 95% CI: -0.173 to -0.080). At the same time, perceived stress mediated the relationship between family health and SHS (chain mediation model 1: β = -0.109, 95% CI: -0.133 to -0.087; chain mediation model 2: β = -0.098, 95% CI: -0.120 to -0.078) and problematic internet use also mediated their relationship (chain mediation model 1: β = -0.034, 95% CI: -0.056 to -0.014; chain mediation model 2: β = -0.077, 95% CI: -0.099 to -0.055). The chain mediating effect of perceived stress and problematic internet use was also found in this study and the chain path from family health to perceived stress to problematic internet use to SHS was superior (β = -0.043, 95% CI: -0.054 to -0.033).

CONCLUSIONS

Many secondary school students are experiencing SHS. Improving family health, such as strengthening parent-child communication and fostering positive parenting practice, is critical to improving their health. Helping secondary school students relieve perceived stress and reduce their problematic internet use is key to implementing family-oriented health interventions.

The caregiving role influences Suboptimal Health Status and psychological symptoms in unpaid carers

BACKGROUND

Suboptimal Health Status (SHS) is the physical state between health and disease. This study aimed to fill in the knowledge gap by investigating the prevalence of SHS and psychological symptoms among unpaid carers and to identify SHS-risk factors from the perspective of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM).

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 participants who were enrolled from Australia, including 203 unpaid carers as cases and 165 individuals from the general population as controls. SHS scores were measured using SHSQ-25 (Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25), whilst psychological symptoms were measured by DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21). Chi-square was used to measure SHS and psychological symptom prevalence. Spearman correlation analysis was utilised to identify the relationship between SHSQ-25 and DASS-21 scores. Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.

RESULTS

The prevalence of SHS in carers was 43.0% (98/203), significantly higher than the prevalence 12.7% (21/165) in the general population (p < 0.001). In addition, suboptimal health prevalence was higher in female carers (50.3%; 95/189) than females in the general population (12.4%; 18/145). Logistic regression showed that the caregiving role influenced SHS, with carers 6.4 times more likely to suffer from SHS than their non-caring counterparts (aOR = 6.400, 95% CI = 3.751-10.919).

CONCLUSIONS

Unpaid carers in Australia have a significantly higher prevalence of SHS than that in the general population and experience poorer health. The SHSQ-25 is a powerful tool that can be utilised to screen at-risk individuals to predict their risk of chronic disease development, an essential pillar for shifting the paradigm change from reactive medicine to that of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-024-00370-8.

The effects of big five personality traits on sub-health in a Chinese young adults: A moderated mediation model

BACKGROUND

Sub-health can have an impact on the physical condition of the young adults, and this study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of sub-health related to the Big Five personality in Chinese young adults.

METHODS

A multi-stage random sampling method was used to survey the Chinese young adults. A moderated mediation analysis was conducted to investigate how sleep quality and family health influenced the relationship between diverse personalities and sub-health in young adults.

RESULTS

A total of 6165 young adults were included in this study. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between neurotic, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness of young adults and sub-health. Family health played a moderating role between the sleep quality and agreeableness of young adults.

LIMITATIONS

The cross-sectional study limits conclusions about causal relationships between factors.

CONCLUSION

Family health and sleep quality can influence sub-health in Chinese young adults with different personality traits.

Network analysis for inter-relationships of the suboptimal health status with depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of predictive, preventive, and personalized health

BACKGROUND

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on suboptimal health status, depression, and anxiety, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their inter-relationships at the national level. This study aims to investigate the inter-relationships among suboptimal health status, depression, and anxiety using a network analysis approach.

METHODS

We conducted a national survey between June 20 and August 31, 2022. Three network models were constructed and analyzed to independently examine the inter-relationships among suboptimal health status, depression, and anxiety.

RESULTS

A total of 26,152 participants were included in this study. The study network analysis indicated that item 9 (i.e., Slow response) exhibited the highest node strength within the suboptimal health status questionnaire-short form (SHSQ-SF) network, followed by item 5 (i.e., Breathlessness at rest). Additionally, positive correlations were observed between depression and anxiety severity and most of the SHSO-SF items.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provided valuable insights into inter-relationships between suboptimal health status, depression, and anxiety, informing the development of comprehensive intervention strategies for the general population. These findings have important implications for promoting the well-being and mental health of individuals during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Influence of exercise prescription intervention based on WeChat on glycolipid metabolism and fitness of suboptimal-health teachers

Exercise is an effective means to promote health, but adherence is low. Due to the advantages of immediacy, economy and effectiveness, the use of WeChat social software has permeated into every aspect in daily life in China. To explore the influence of WeChat-based exercise prescription intervention mode on glycolipid metabolism and fitness of suboptimal-health teachers. 293 suboptimal-health teachers with senior professional titles were randomized to a control group (CG) or an experimental group (e.g.). The CG exercised on its own, while the e.g. adopted the exercise prescription intervention based on WeChat. The intervention period was 6 months. Finally, 264 cases were adhered to and completed, including 132 cases in the CG and 132 cases in the e.g.. The Suboptimal-Health Status Questionnaires-25 scores (SHSQ-25 scores), exercise adherence, subjective feelings, physical fitness, blood glucose and blood lipids were detected before and after intervention and compared between 2 groups. After the intervention, the SHSQ-25 scores in the e.g. was significantly decreased than those in the CG (P < .01). The complete exercise adherence in the e.g. was significantly higher than those in the CG (P < .01). After intervention, the subjective feelings of e.g. were significantly improved compared to CG (P < .05). The body shape, body function and physical quality in the e.g. was higher than those in the CG (P < .05). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly in the e.g. but not in the CG (P < .05). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) decreased significantly in the e.g. but not in the CG, with a significant difference between groups (P < .05). The subjects in the e.g. were very satisfied with WeChat management. WeChat-based exercise prescription intervention could improve SHS, exercise adherence, subjective feelings, physical fitness and glycolipid metabolism.

Influence of lifestyle on suboptimal health: Insights from a national cross-sectional survey in China

Background

Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a non-clinical or pre-disease state between optimal/ideal health and disease. While its etiology remains unclear, lifestyle is considered one of the most important risk factors. We aimed to examine the effects of lifestyles on SHS through a nationwide survey in China.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 148 cities across China between 20 June and 31 August 2022, on 30 505 participants from rural and urban communities gathered through stratified quota sampling. We measured SHS with the Short-Form Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire (SHSQ-SF). We gathered information on participants' lifestyles (ie, smoking, alcohol consumption, breakfast habits, weekly food delivery frequency, intermittent fasting, sleep duration and physical activities) through face-to-face interview. We determined the relationship between lifestyle and SHS logistic regression analysis by based on odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We included 22 897 participants (female: 13 056, male: 9841), 12 108 (52.88%) of whom reported exposure to SHS. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, individuals who currently smoked (OR = 1.165; 95% CI = 1.058-1.283) and those who drank alcohol (OR = 1.483; 95% CI = 1.377.1.596) were at a higher risk of SHS than those who have never done either. In a dose-response way, takeaway food consumption was associated with a higher risk of SHS, while increased frequency of breakfast and mild-intensity exercise conversely reduced said risk. Individuals with shorter sleep duration had a higher risk of SHS when compared to those who slept for more than seven hours per day.

Conclusions

We observed a relatively high prevalence of SHS across China, highlighting the importance of lifestyle in health promotion. Specifically, adopting healthy dietary habits, engaging in regular physical activity, and ensuring high-quality sleep are key in preventing SHS.

Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200061046).