1
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Valizadeh-Haghi S, Khazaal Y, Rahmatizadeh S. Health websites on COVID-19: are they readable and credible enough to help public self-care? J Med Libr Assoc 2021; 109:75-83. [PMID: 33424467 PMCID: PMC7772974 DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2021.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There are concerns about nonscientific and/or unclear information on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is available on the Internet. Furthermore, people's ability to understand health information varies and depends on their skills in reading and interpreting information. This study aims to evaluate the readability and creditability of websites with COVID-19-related information. Methods The search terms "coronavirus," "COVID," and "COVID-19" were input into Google. The websites of the first thirty results for each search term were evaluated in terms of their credibility and readability using the Health On the Net Foundation code of conduct (HONcode) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Gunning Fog, and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRE) scales, respectively. Results The readability of COVID-19-related health information on websites was suitable for high school graduates or college students and, thus, was far above the recommended readability level. Most websites that were examined (87.2%) had not been officially certified by HONcode. There was no significant difference in the readability scores of websites with and without HONcode certification. Conclusion These results suggest that organizations should improve the readability of their websites and provide information that more people can understand. This could lead to greater health literacy, less health anxiety, and the provision of better preventive information about the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Valizadeh-Haghi
- , Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- , Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospitals and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shahabedin Rahmatizadeh
- , Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Page SA, Collisson BA, Godley J, Nguyen D, Metz L, Muruve D. How Semantics Connotations May Influence Concerns About Donation of Biospecimens. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 19:156-162. [PMID: 33179960 PMCID: PMC8217592 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human biological specimen (biospecimen) donation is routinely requested for clinical care and research purposes. Successfully engaging patients and research participants in biospecimen donation depends on what they understand these initiatives entail, including their perceptions of risk. Human biospecimens are stored in facilities routinely referenced as biobanks or biorepositories, both of which labels are known to embody a variety of connotations. The words chosen to describe biospecimen facilities may influence decisions about donation. Objective: To explore differences in likelihood of donation as a function of the words chosen to represent human biospecimen storage facilities and the commensurate concerns each label evokes. Materials and Methods: Two-group experimental design. Participants completed a survey about a fictitious undertaking requesting that they consider biospecimen donation. The term used to describe the facility housing the biospecimens differed; one half of the surveys referenced a biobank, and one half referenced a biorepository. Results: Two thousand five hundred ninety-six surveys were distributed; 586 completed surveys were received (response rate: 22.6%). Sixty-three percent of respondents, regardless of whether the label referenced a biobank or biorespository, reported being extremely likely to donate. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups on the 11 concerns sampled. Factor analyses revealed that concerns could be classified in two groups: use-related concerns and person-related concerns. The label biobank evoked significantly lower perception of importance of the person-related concerns sampled (e.g., personal or other benefit, discomfort or inconvenience). Conclusions: Our results suggest that researchers may consider using the word biobank to describe the facility housing the biospecimen, as this term appears less subject to concern biases. These outcomes confirm that misunderstandings or misattributions of words used to refer to biospecimen facilities could deter participation in clinical care or research. Participation may be enhanced through ensuring clear understanding of what biospecimen donation entails and by directly addressing common semantic misunderstandings and associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Page
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Beverly Anne Collisson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, The Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jenny Godley
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Danny Nguyen
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Luanne Metz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniel Muruve
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Hong SJ, Drake B, Goodman M, Kaphingst KA. Race, Trust in Doctors, Privacy Concerns, and Consent Preferences for Biobanks. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:1219-1228. [PMID: 31167570 PMCID: PMC6893100 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1623644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates how patients' privacy concerns about research uses of biospecimen and trust in doctors are associated with their preferences for informed consent and need for control over biospecimens in a biobank. Particularly, this study focuses on the perspectives of Communication Privacy Management theory, precision medicine, and racial health disparities. We recruited 358 women aged 40 and older stratified by race (56% African American and 44% European American). Multivariable linear regression models examined hypothesis and research questions. Individuals' privacy concerns and trust in doctors were significantly associated with their need for control. Although participants' privacy concerns were positively associated with their preference for study-specific model, trust in doctors had no effect on the preference. African American participants needed more control over their sample and were more likely to prefer study-specific model compared to European American participants. Significant interactions by race on the associations between trust and need for control and between privacy concerns and preference for study-specific model were found. These findings suggest that when developing large diverse biobanks for future studies it is important to consider privacy concerns, trust, and need for control with an understanding that there are differences in preferences by race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Hong
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bettina Drake
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Melody Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, NYU College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY
| | - Kimberly A. Kaphingst
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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4
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Hong SJ, Drake B, Goodman M, Kaphingst KA. Relationships of health information orientation and cancer history on preferences for consent and control over biospecimens in a biobank: A race-stratified analysis. J Genet Couns 2020; 29:479-490. [PMID: 31990114 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how patients' self-reported health information efficacy, relationship with health providers, and cancer history are associated with their preferences for informed consent and need for control over biobank biospecimens. We recruited 358 women aged 40 and older (56% African American; 44% European American) and analyzed the data using multivariable regression models. Results show that African American participants' health information efficacy was significantly and negatively associated with their need for control over biospecimens and preference for a study-specific model. European American participants' dependency on doctors was a significant and negative predictor of their preference for a study-specific model. Several significant interaction effects, which varied across races, were found with regard to health information efficacy, personal cancer history, need for control, and preference for a study-specific model. The study findings suggest it is important to consider health information efficacy, relationship with providers, and need for control when developing large diverse biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Hong
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bettina Drake
- Division of Public Health Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melody Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kaphingst
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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5
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Siminoff LA, Wilson-Genderson M, Gardiner HM, Mosavel M, Barker KL. Consent to a Postmortem Tissue Procurement Study: Distinguishing Family Decision Makers' Knowledge of the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project. Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 16:200-206. [PMID: 29746160 PMCID: PMC5995262 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues from postmortem transplantation donors are a viable and productive option for genomic research. This entails obtaining authorization from the family decision makers (FDMs) of deceased donors. This study examined best practices for making such requests within the context of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, a large national effort to collect reference tissues to establish a genomic biobank and database. Our study interviewed 413 FDMs about their donation experiences. We assessed FDM understanding of important consent concepts varied such as ability to withdraw tissues, the risks of donation, and return of results. Using latent class analysis applied to a subgroup of 188 FDMs who had agreed to participate in GTEx, three groups emerged, representing distinct patterns of comprehension of the GTEx project. Tissue requester gender and use of a GTEx brochure were associated with group membership. Results indicate that more research is needed to improve consent processes with FDMs to facilitate informed decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Siminoff
- College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Heather M. Gardiner
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maghboeba Mosavel
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Institute for Inclusion, Inquiry and Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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6
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Carcioppolo N, Christy KR, Jensen JD, King AJ, Goonewardene J, Raftery D. Biomarker profiling for breast cancer detection: translational research to determine acceptance of a novel breast cancer screening technique. Health Syst (Basingstoke) 2018; 8:44-51. [PMID: 31214353 DOI: 10.1080/20476965.2017.1414740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study seeks to determine how the psychosocial predictors of the health belief model are related to willingness to adopt biomarker screening practices among women above and below current screening age recommendations, as biomarker profiling can potentially detect cancer much earlier than current breast cancer detection methods. Patients (N = 205) at an Obstetrician/Gynaecology office in a mid-sized Midwest city. Participants completed a survey in the waiting room before their doctor appointment. Results revealed that benefits (p < .001), barriers (p = .02), cancer worry severity (p = .01), and self-efficacy (p = .002) were significant predictors of willingness to adopt biomarker profiling, and susceptibility was marginally related (p = .09). The direct effects are qualified by two interactions between psychosocial predictors of the health belief model and participants' age. The model predicted willingness to adopt biomarker screening well (R 2 = 28%), and may be used successfully as a framework to assess the diffusion of biomarker screening acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Carcioppolo
- Department of Communication Studies and Affiliate Faculty at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Katheryn R Christy
- Department of Communication and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jakob D Jensen
- Department of Communication and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andy J King
- Department of Public Relations, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Julie Goonewardene
- American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, USA.,Innovation and Entrepreneurship, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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7
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Fossey R, Kochan D, Winkler E, Pacyna JE, Olson J, Thibodeau S, Connolly JJ, Harr M, Behr MA, Prows CA, Cobb B, Myers MF, Leslie ND, Namjou-Khales B, Milo Rasouly H, Wynn J, Fedotov A, Chung WK, Gharavi A, Williams JL, Pais L, Holm I, Aufox S, Smith ME, Scrol A, Leppig K, Jarvik GP, Wiesner GL, Li R, Stroud M, Smoller JW, Sharp RR, Kullo IJ. Ethical Considerations Related to Return of Results from Genomic Medicine Projects: The eMERGE Network (Phase III) Experience. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8010002. [PMID: 29301385 PMCID: PMC5872076 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the Institutional Review Board (IRB) process at 9 academic institutions in the electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network, for proposed electronic health record-based genomic medicine studies, to identify common questions and concerns. Sequencing of 109 disease related genes and genotyping of 14 actionable variants is being performed in ~28,100 participants from the 9 sites. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in actionable genes are being returned to study participants. We examined each site’s research protocols, informed-consent materials, and interactions with IRB staff. Research staff at each site completed questionnaires regarding their IRB interactions. The time to prepare protocols for IRB submission, number of revisions and time to approval ranged from 10–261 days, 0–11, and 11–90 days, respectively. IRB recommendations related to the readability of informed consent materials, specifying the full range of potential risks, providing options for receiving limited results or withdrawal, sharing of information with family members, and establishing the mechanisms to answer participant questions. IRBs reviewing studies that involve the return of results from genomic sequencing have a diverse array of concerns, and anticipating these concerns can help investigators to more effectively engage IRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Fossey
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - David Kochan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Erin Winkler
- Center for Individualized Medicine and Department of Medical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Joel E Pacyna
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Janet Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Stephen Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - John J Connolly
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Margaret Harr
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Meckenzie A Behr
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Prows
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Beth Cobb
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Melanie F Myers
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Nancy D Leslie
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | | | - Hila Milo Rasouly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Alexander Fedotov
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Ali Gharavi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | - Lynn Pais
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ingrid Holm
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sharon Aufox
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Maureen E Smith
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | | | | | - Gail P Jarvik
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Georgia L Wiesner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Rongling Li
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mary Stroud
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Richard R Sharp
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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8
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Koren G, Beller D, Laifenfeld D, Grossman I, Shalev V. Biobanking in Israel 2016-17; expressed perceptions versus real life enrollment. BMC Med Ethics 2017; 18:63. [PMID: 29149849 PMCID: PMC5693555 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-017-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As part of the preparations to establish a population-based biobank in a large Israeli health organization, we aimed to investigate through focus groups the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of insured Israelis, toward biobanking, and then, after input from focus groups’ participants, to empirically assess the impact of a revised recruitment process on recruitment rates. Methods Six Focus group discussions were conducted (n = 10 per group) with individuals who had routine blood laboratory tests taken in the last 2 years. After addressing the issues raised in the focus groups and revising the recruitment process, individuals undergoing routine blood tests in phlebotomy clinics (N = 10,262) were invited to participate in the future biobank.
Results At the outset of the focus groups there was an overall positive response to the prospect of a population-based biobank. Concerns revolved around infringement on privacy, fears of the “big brother”(e.g. insurance companies), and anxiety about inequality. Reaction to the language of the informed consent document revolved around concerns over ability to maintain anonymity, to withdraw consent, involvement of commercial entities, and the general tenor of the informed consent, which was perceived as legalistic and unilateral. In general, the longer participants were exposed to discussion about the biobank, the less likely they were to consent to sign in. Overall, only 20% (12) of the 60 participants stated they would agree to sign in by the end of the 2 hour group session. The feedback obtained from the focus groups was used in the second stage (“real life”) of the study. A team of recruiters received extensive training to enable fruitful discussion and a detailed explanation to questions and concerns raised during the recruitment process. During the second stage of the study, after revising the consent form and training recruiters, a 53% consent rate was observed among 10,262 participants, more than 4 fold higher than estimated at the focus group stage. Conclusions The qualitative focus group research helped identify important perceptions and concerns, which were subsequently addressed in the revised consent form and in the discussion the recruiters had with potential biobank donors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12910-017-0223-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Koren
- Research Institute, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Daniella Beller
- Research Institute, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Varda Shalev
- Research Institute, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Nusbaum L, Douglas B, Estrella-Luna N, Paasche-Orlow M, Damus K. Survey of risks and benefits communication strategies by research nurses. Nurs Ethics 2017; 26:937-950. [PMID: 29103367 DOI: 10.1177/0969733017734410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An ethical, informed consent process requires that potential participants understand the study, their rights, and the risks and benefits. Yet, despite strategies to improve communication, many participants still lack understanding of potential risks and benefits. Investigating attitudes and practices of research nurses can identify ways to improve the informed consent process. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the attitudes, practices, and preparedness of nurses involved in the informed consent process regarding communication of risks and benefits? RESEARCH DESIGN A survey was developed and administered online to a national purposive sample of 107 research nurses with experience obtaining informed consent for clinical trials. Survey responses stratified by selected work-related characteristics were analyzed. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Participants were instructed they need not answer each question and could stop at any time. They consented by clicking "accept" on the email which linked to the survey. The study was approved by the Northeastern University Institutional Review Board, Boston, Massachusetts (NU-IRB Protocol #: 13-06-17). FINDINGS Most research nurses (87%) used a teach-back method to assess participant comprehension, while 72% relied on their intuition. About one-third did not feel prepared to communicate related statistics. About 20% did not feel prepared to tailor information, and half did not feel competent using supplemental materials to enhance risks and benefits comprehension. Only 70% had received training in the informed consent process which included in-person training (84%), case studies (69%), online courses (57%), feedback during practice sessions (54%), and simulation, such as role playing (49%) and viewing videos (45%). Perceived preparedness was significantly associated with greater informed consent experience and training. CONCLUSION Research nurses may have inadequate training to encourage, support, and reinforce communication of risks and benefits during the informed consent process. Relevant purposeful education and training should help to improve and standardize the ethical informed consent process.
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10
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Garrett SB, Murphy M, Wiley J, Dohan D. Standard Versus Simplified Consent Materials for Biobank Participation: Differences in Patient Knowledge and Trial Accrual. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2017; 12:326-334. [PMID: 29037106 DOI: 10.1177/1556264617731869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Replacing standard consent materials with simplified materials is a promising intervention to improve patient comprehension, but there is little evidence on its real-world implementation. We employed a sequential two-arm design to compare the effect of standard versus simplified consent materials on potential donors' understanding of biobank processes and their accrual to an active biobanking program. Participants were female patients of a California breast health clinic. Subjects from the simplified arm answered more items correctly ( p = .064), reported "don't know" for fewer items ( p = .077), and consented to donate to the biobank at higher rates ( p = .025) than those from the standard arm. Replacing an extant consent form with a simplified version is feasible and may benefit patient comprehension and study accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Murphy
- 1 University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James Wiley
- 1 University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Dohan
- 1 University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Nusbaum L, Douglas B, Damus K, Paasche-Orlow M, Estrella-Luna N. Communicating Risks and Benefits in Informed Consent for Research: A Qualitative Study. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2017; 4:2333393617732017. [PMID: 28975139 PMCID: PMC5613795 DOI: 10.1177/2333393617732017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have documented major limitations in the informed consent process for the recruitment of clinical research participants. One challenging aspect of this process is successful communication of risks and benefits to potential research participants. This study explored the opinions and attitudes of informed consent experts about conveying risks and benefits to inform the development of a survey about the perspectives of research nurses who are responsible for obtaining informed consent for clinical trials. The major themes identified were strategies for risks and benefits communication, ensuring comprehension, and preparation for the role of the consent administrator. From the experts' perspective, inadequate education and training of the research staff responsible for informed consent process contribute to deficiencies in the informed consent process and risks and benefits communication. Inconsistencies in experts' opinions and critique of certain widely used communication practices require further consideration and additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Nusbaum
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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12
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Rodríguez VM, Robers E, Zielaskowski K, Javier González C, Hunley K, Kaphingst KA, Guest DD, Sussman A, Meyer White KA, Schwartz MR, Greb J, Talamantes Y, Bigney J, Berwick M, Hay JL. Translation and adaptation of skin cancer genomic risk education materials for implementation in primary care. J Community Genet 2016; 8:53-63. [PMID: 27924449 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-016-0287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic medicine has revolutionized disease risk identification and subsequent risk reduction interventions. Skin cancer risk genomic feedback is a promising vehicle to raise awareness and protective behaviors in the general population, including Hispanics who are largely unaware of their risks. Yet, personalized genomics currently has limited reach. This study is the initial phase of a randomized controlled trial investigating the personal utility and reach of genomic testing and feedback for melanoma. Semi-structured cognitive interviews (N = 28), stratified across education level, were conducted to assess the comprehension and acceptability of translated skin cancer genomic risk education materials with Spanish-speaking Hispanic primary care patients. Overall, materials were comprehensible and acceptable with 33 of 246 terms/concepts identified as difficult. Common problems included translation challenges (e.g., peeling from sunburn), ambiguous concepts (e.g., healthcare system), and problematic terms (e.g., risk version). Aiming to expand the reach of genomic medicine across subpopulations that may benefit from it, necessary modifications were made to education materials to improve comprehensibility, acceptability, and cultural relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Rodríguez
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave. 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | | | - Kate Zielaskowski
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave. 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - C Javier González
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave. 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennie Greb
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer L Hay
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave. 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
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