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Occa A, Merritt AS, Leip A, Stapleton JL. What influences trust in and understanding of clinical trials? An analysis of information and communication technology use and online health behavior from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Clin Trials 2024; 21:95-113. [PMID: 37904519 PMCID: PMC10922044 DOI: 10.1177/17407745231204813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using information and communication technologies to seek, discuss, and share health-related information influences people's trust and knowledge of several health practices. However, we know little about the associations between individuals' information and communication technology use and their perceptions of trust and knowledge of clinical trials. Examining these associations may lead to the identification of target audiences and channels for developing effective educational interventions and campaigns about clinical trials. METHODS In this study, we analyzed Health Information National Trends Survey data to document perceptions of clinical trial-related knowledge and trust that were recently added as questions in this annual national survey of US adults. We also examined correlates of these clinical trial perceptions that included sociodemographic factors and individuals' use of information and communication technologies to seek health information, discuss such information with their healthcare providers, and share the information in their network. RESULTS More than 90% of participants had no or limited perceived knowledge about clinical trials. Knowledge was higher among those who seek or discuss health-related information online. Differences in perceived knowledge and trust emerged for some racial/ethnic subgroups and other demographic factors. Providers were considered the most trusted source of information (73.6%), followed by health organizations (19.4%) and social support (7.1%). Trust in health organizations compared to health providers was higher among those who used online resources to share health information online with others. Trust in social support was significantly higher among those who used information and communication technologies to communicate about health. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we recommend developing online resources about clinical trials to be distributed through social media. These resources should facilitate a dialogue and be targeted to several groups considering their information and communication technologies' use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Occa
- Department of Communication, University of Kentucky College of Communication and Information, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Allison S Merritt
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Allison Leip
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jerod L Stapleton
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Luchetti M, Terracciano A, Stephan Y, Aschwanden D, Sutin AR. Personality and psychological health in caregivers of older relatives: a case-control study. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1692-1700. [PMID: 32347105 PMCID: PMC7606331 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1758907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Being a caregiver of an older adult is often associated with poor psychological outcomes and stress. Individual differences, such as personality, may moderate responses to caregiving. In this study, we examined (a) personality and psychological health of family caregivers compared to non-caregivers and (b) tested interactions between caregiver status and personality (both domains and facets) in predicting psychological outcomes. METHODS Data were from an online sample of caregivers of older relatives (N = 491; 71.9% females) and matched controls (N = 491). Participants completed the Big Five Inventory-2 and a comprehensive set of psychological health and well-being measures. RESULTS Compared to non-caregivers, caregivers had higher neuroticism, lower energy level (extraversion facet) and higher compassion (agreeableness facet). They also reported higher depression, anxiety, loneliness, and lower well-being and life satisfaction. Personality traits and facets had strong associations with psychological outcomes, and these associations were similar across the two groups. Only a few significant interactions between caregiver status and personality were found: For instance, higher neuroticism (in particular, higher scores on anxiety and depression facets) exacerbated anxiety among caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Personality is a relevant correlate of psychological health. In the context of caregiving, its assessment may help to identify caregivers at risk of poor outcomes and inform intervention programs. Further research is needed to replicate the findings and investigate longitudinal interrelations among variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Neil JM, Chang Y, Goshe B, Rigotti N, Gonzalez I, Hawari S, Ballini L, Haas JS, Marotta C, Wint A, Harris K, Crute S, Flores E, Park ER. A Web-Based Intervention to Increase Smokers' Intentions to Participate in a Cessation Study Offered at the Point of Lung Screening: Factorial Randomized Trial. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e28952. [PMID: 34255651 PMCID: PMC8280830 DOI: 10.2196/28952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen ASSIST is a cessation trial offered to current smokers at the point of lung cancer screening. Because of the unique position of promoting a prevention behavior (smoking cessation) within the context of a detection behavior (lung cancer screening), this study employed prospect theory to design and formatively evaluate a targeted recruitment video prior to trial launch. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify which message frames were most effective at promoting intent to participate in a smoking cessation study. METHODS Participants were recruited from a proprietary opt-in online panel company and randomized to a 2 (benefits of quitting vs risks of continuing to smoke at the time of lung screening; BvR) × 2 (gains of participating vs losses of not participating in a cessation study; GvL) message design experiment (N=314). The primary outcome was self-assessed intent to participate in a smoking cessation study. Message effectiveness and lung cancer risk perception measures were also collected. Analysis of variance examined the main effect of the 2 message factors and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach identified predictors of intent to participate in a multivariable model. A mediation analysis was conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects of message factors on intent to participate in a cessation study. RESULTS A total of 296 participants completed the intervention. There were no significant differences in intent to participate in a smoking cessation study between message frames (P=.12 and P=.61). In the multivariable model, quit importance (P<.001), perceived message relevance (P<.001), and affective risk response (ie, worry about developing lung cancer; P<.001) were significant predictors of intent to participate. The benefits of quitting frame significantly increased affective risk response (Meanbenefits 2.60 vs Meanrisk 2.40; P=.03), which mediated the relationship between message frame and intent to participate (b=0.24; 95% CI 0.01-0.47; P=.03). CONCLUSIONS This study provides theoretical and practical guidance on how to design and evaluate proactive recruitment messages for a cessation trial. Based on our findings, we conclude that heavy smokers are more responsive to recruitment messages that frame the benefits of quitting as it increased affective risk response, which predicted greater intention to participate in a smoking cessation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Neil
- Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuchiao Chang
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brett Goshe
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Rigotti
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Irina Gonzalez
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saif Hawari
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren Ballini
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Haas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caylin Marotta
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy Wint
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kim Harris
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sydney Crute
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Efren Flores
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elyse R Park
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Occa A, Morgan SE, Peng W, Mao B, McFarlane SJ, Grinfeder K, Byrne M. Untangling interactivity's effects: The role of cognitive absorption, perceived visual informativeness, and cancer information overload. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:1059-1065. [PMID: 33969824 PMCID: PMC8110950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Learning about clinical trials is as stressful and challenging for cancer patients as it is for the clinical staff who provide education to patients. Information aids (IAs) can support both discussions and patients' decision-making, especially when IAs offer interactive features that provide information based on individuals' needs and experiences. However, it is not clear which factors contribute to interactive IAs' effectiveness. METHODS An experiment with cancer patients and survivors (n = 313) compared the effects of two IAs about clinical trial participation: one with modality (i.e. website/technological) interactivity only and one with both modality and message interactivity (i.e. provides information contingent on individual users' information needs). RESULTS The IA with both modality and message interactivity features elicited the higher perceived visual informativeness (PVI) and cognitive absorption (CA) scores. The model supports the moderating role of PVI and cancer information overload (CIO), and the mediating role of CA. CONCLUSION The IA with both modality and message interactivity better supported individuals' decision-making and improved attitudes and knowledge scores. CIO was experienced more by participants using the modality interactivity-only IA. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Message interactivity may simplify individuals' cognitive processes. IAs about clinical trial participation should include both message and modality interactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Occa
- Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, United States.
| | - Susan E Morgan
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - Wei Peng
- The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, United States
| | - Bingjing Mao
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - Soroya Julian McFarlane
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - Kim Grinfeder
- Department of Interactive Media, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
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