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Kumari M, Padhi SR, Chourey SK, Kondal V, Thakare SS, Negi A, Gupta V, Arya M, Yasin JK, Singh R, Bharadwaj C, Kumar A, Bhatt KC, Bhardwaj R, Rana JC, Joshi T, Riar A. Unveiling Diversity for Quality Traits in the Indian Landraces of Horsegram [ Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.]. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3803. [PMID: 38005699 PMCID: PMC10675608 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum [Lam.] Verdc.) is an underutilized pulse crop primarily cultivated in South Asian countries like India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. It offers various nutraceutical properties and demonstrates remarkable resilience to both biotic and abiotic stresses. As a result, it has emerged as a promising crop for ensuring future food and nutritional security. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional profile of 139 horsegram germplasm lines obtained from 16 Indian states that were conserved at the National Gene Bank of India. Standard analytical methods, including those provided by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), were used for this investigation. The study revealed substantial variability in essential nutrients, such as protein (ranging from 21.8 to 26.7 g/100 g), starch (ranging from 26.2 to 33.0 g/100 g), total soluble sugars (TSSs) (ranging from 0.86 to 12.1 g/100 g), phenolics (ranging from 3.38 to 11.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/g), and phytic acid content (ranging from 1.07 to 21.2 mg/g). Noteworthy correlations were observed, including a strong positive correlation between sugars and phenols (r = 0.70) and a moderate negative correlation between protein and starch (r = -0.61) among the studied germplasm lines. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that the first three principal components contributed to 88.32% of the total variability, with TSSs, phytates, and phenols emerging as the most significant contributors. The cluster analysis grouped the accessions into five clusters, with cluster III containing the accessions with the most desirable traits. The differential distribution of the accessions from north India into clusters I and III suggested a potential geographical influence on the adaptation and selection of genes. This study identified a panel of promising accessions exhibiting multiple desirable traits. These specific accessions could significantly aid quality breeding programs or be directly released as cultivars if they perform well agronomically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Kumari
- The Graduate School, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.P.)
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Siddhant Ranjan Padhi
- The Graduate School, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.P.)
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Sushil Kumar Chourey
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Vishal Kondal
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Swapnil S. Thakare
- ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.S.T.); (C.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Ankita Negi
- ICAR—Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Veena Gupta
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Mamta Arya
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Jeshima Khan Yasin
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Rakesh Singh
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Chellapilla Bharadwaj
- ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.S.T.); (C.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Atul Kumar
- ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.S.T.); (C.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Kailash Chandra Bhatt
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.K.C.); (V.K.); (V.G.); (M.A.); (J.K.Y.); (R.S.)
| | - Jai Chand Rana
- The Alliance of Bioversity International & CIAT—India Office, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Tanay Joshi
- Department of International Cooperation, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, 5070 Frick, Switzerland; (T.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Amritbir Riar
- Department of International Cooperation, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, 5070 Frick, Switzerland; (T.J.); (A.R.)
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