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Gangola S, Bhandari G, Joshi S, Sharma A, Simsek H, Bhatt P. Esterase and ALDH dehydrogenase-based pesticide degradation by Bacillus brevis 1B from a contaminated environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116332. [PMID: 37279800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The isolated bacterial strain (Bacillus brevis strain 1 B) showed a maximum tolerated level of 450 mg L-1 of the selected pesticides namely: imidacloprid, fipronil, cypermethrin, and sulfosulfuron. Within 15 days of the experiment, strain 1 B was able to reduce up to 95% of a pesticide mixture (20 mg L-1) in a carbon-deficient medium (minimal medium). The optimal conditions obtained using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were: inoculums; 2.0 × 107 CFU mL-1, shaking speed; 120 rpm, and pesticide concentration; 80 mg L-1. After 15 days of soil-based bioremediation using strain 1 B, the degradation pattern for imidacloprid, fipronil, cypermethrin, sulfosulfuron, and control was 99, 98.5, 94, 91.67, and 7%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the intermediate metabolites of cypermethrin with bacterial 1 B as 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-methylpyrrolidine, 2-oxonanone, 2-pentenoic acid, 2-penten-1-ol, hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, pentadecanoic acid, 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid, and 2-dimethyl. Furthermore, genes encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and esterase were expressed under stress conditions and connected to pesticide bioremediation. Hence the efficacy of Bacillus brevis (1 B) could be employed for the bioremediation of pesticide mixtures and other toxic substances (dye, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, etc.) from contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gangola
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, 263136, India.
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248140, India
| | - Samiksha Joshi
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Anita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, 263139, India
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Pardue University, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Pardue University, IN, 47906, USA.
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Chauviat A, Meyer T, Favre-Bonté S. Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological roles of RND efflux pumps. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14639. [PMID: 37089375 PMCID: PMC10113797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S. maltophilia is a widely distributed bacterium found in natural, anthropized and clinical environments. The genome of this opportunistic pathogen of environmental origin includes a large number of genes encoding RND efflux pumps independently of the clinical or environmental origin of the strains. These pumps have been historically associated with the uptake of antibiotics and clinically relevant molecules because they confer resistance to many antibiotics. However, considering the environmental origin of S. maltophilia, the ecological role of these pumps needs to be clarified. RND efflux systems are highly conserved within bacteria and encountered both in pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Moreover, their evolutionary origin, conservation and multiple copies in bacterial genomes suggest a primordial role in cellular functions and environmental adaptation. This review is aimed at elucidating the ecological role of S. maltophilia RND efflux pumps in the environmental context and providing an exhaustive description of the environmental niches of S. maltophilia. By looking at the substrates and functions of the pumps, we propose different involvements and roles according to the adaptation of the bacterium to various niches. We highlight that i°) regulatory mechanisms and inducer molecules help to understand the conditions leading to their expression, and ii°) association and functional redundancy of RND pumps and other efflux systems demonstrate their complex role within S. maltophilia cells. These observations emphasize that RND efflux pumps play a role in the versatility of S. maltophilia.
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Bhatt D, Srivastava A, Srivastava PC, Sharma A. Evaluation of three novel soil bacterial strains for efficient biodegradation of persistent boscalid fungicide: Kinetics and identification of microbial biodegradation intermediates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120484. [PMID: 36306882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Boscalid, a new fungicide of anilide group, is intended to prevent and treat grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), primarily in vines and other fruit plants. In many regions, its long half-life in soil and water poses a serious environmental threat. Boscalid is reported to be toxic to a variety of aquatic organisms. One of the best ways to lessen the amount of boscalid that gets into surface and ground waters is to reduce its concentration in soil. Soil microbes are crucial for the degradation of organic pollutants including pesticides. The present study reports the assessment of three novel soil bacterial strains isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil of Crop research centre, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India, which possess boscalid degradation ability. Two of these bacterial isolates could degrade boscalid up to 85-95% within 36 h of incubation period under shaking conditions in the minimal medium. The growth pattern of degrading bacterial isolates was monitored by recording the optical density (OD) of bacterial suspension using an ultra violet (UV)-visible spectrophotometer, whereas the concentration of primary boscalid was recorded by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-UV). A linear relationship was observed between the bacterial growth and the decrease in the residual concentration of boscalid. The concentration of boscalid during incubation with different bacterial strains could be best predicted by a second-order polynomial relationship with time and OD of the suspension as independent variables. Three degradation intermediates of boscalid namely, N-(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (C18H14N2O, N-{[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl}-2-chloropyridine-3-carboxamide (C18H13N2OCl), and N-{[4'-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl}-2-chloropyridine ({C17H11NCl2}OH) were identified by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of biodegraded samples. The biodegradation of boscalid through bacterial isolates seemed to be an economical and eco-friendly method for degrading a highly persistent boscalid fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, India
| | - Anjana Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, India.
| | - P C Srivastava
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, India
| | - Anita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
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Gangola S, Sharma A, Joshi S, Bhandari G, Prakash O, Govarthanan M, Kim W, Bhatt P. Novel mechanism and degradation kinetics of pesticides mixture using Bacillus sp. strain 3C in contaminated sites. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:104996. [PMID: 35082044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study has investigated the potential of Bacillus sp. strain 3C able to degrade mixture of pesticides from the environment. It showed maximum tolerance up to 450 mg·L-1 for cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron. The strain 3C was able to degrade up to the 94% of mixture of pesticides (20 mg·L-1) within 15 days of experiment. The Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) determined the optimized conditions as; inoculum size 3.0 × 107 CFU·mL-1, shaking speed 120 rpm, and pesticides concentration 80 mg·L-1. In soil-based bioremediation with strain 3C after 15 days degradation pattern was; 99, 94, 92, 92 and 7% for the imidacloprid, sulfosulfuron, fipronil, cypermethrin and control respectively. The novel intermediate metabolites for cypermethrin degradation were investigated as decyl isobutyl ester, phthalic acid, cyclopropane carboxylic acid tri dec-2-ynyl ester, 9- octadecanal, tridecane, propanoic acid, cyclohexene, bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, and acetic acid were identified using Gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) with strain 3C. Moreover, the results of the laccase based enzymatic kinetics suggested that the rate of production was maximum in pesticides stress (94 μg·μL-1) whereas, in normal condition 51 μg·μL-1. The Km value found to be decreased in pesticides stress condition 12.25 and increment in Km 13.58 mM was observed without stress. Furthermore, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and laccase encoding genes were amplified and linked with mixture of pesticides bioremediation. The efficiency of bacterial strain 3C, could be used for bioremediation of mixture of pesticides, and other xenobiotic compounds from the contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gangola
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal 263136, India.
| | - Anita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263139, India
| | - Samiksha Joshi
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal 263136, India
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun 248016, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263139, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar P, Fulekar MH. Cadmium phytoremediation potential of Deenanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum) and the assessment of bacterial communities in the rhizospheric soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2936-2953. [PMID: 34382164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation technology is gaining excessive consideration as a promising method for heavy metal remediation from contaminated soil. In the present research study, a greenhouse trial was performed to assess the proficiency of Pennisetum pedicellatum as a potential plant species for the remediation of cadmium from the soil. Four sets of treatments i.e., (To) control, (T1) 25 ppm, (T2) 50 ppm, and (T3) 100 ppm were studied till 60 days. Soil and plant samples were collected at a regular interval of 15 days after the seed sowing and analysed for different physicochemical properties and Cd concentrations from each treatment. The cadmium uptake was studied in the roots and shoots independently to examine the cadmium accumulation in P. pedicellatum. The present study showed that P. pedicellatum accumulated cadmium mostly in their roots compared to the shoots resulting in the accumulation of Cd from the soil. The finding indicates that P. pedicellatum is a virtuous plant species to restore cadmium-contaminated soil. It effectively banished 83% of Cd from the 100 ppm spiked soil at the end of 60 days. The microbial characterization of rhizospheric soil was also done using serial dilution and spread plate procedures to determine the presence of bacterial species in the rhizospheric soil. Seven bacterial strains were isolated from the soil and were further assessed for their biochemical, molecular, and phylogenic characteristics. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of different bacterial species such as Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus drentensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus foraminis, Bacillus wudalianchiensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Planococcus ruber. This study concluded that phytoremediation using P. pedicellatum is a fascinating and compelling green technology for the remediation of cadmium from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India.
| | - Madhusudan Hiraman Fulekar
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India
- Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
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Differential proteomic analysis under pesticides stress and normal conditions in Bacillus cereus 2D. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253106. [PMID: 34388169 PMCID: PMC8362991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential pesticide degrading bacterial isolate (2D), showing maximum tolerance (450 mg∙L-1) for cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron was recovered from a pesticide contaminated agricultural field. The isolate degraded cypermethrin, imidacloprid, fipronil and sulfosulfuron in minimal salt medium with 94, 91, 89 and 86% respectively as revealed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) analysis after 15 days of incubation. Presence of cyclobutane, pyrrolidine, chloroacetic acid, formic acid and decyl ester as major intermediate metabolites of cypermethrin biodegradation was observed in gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results based on 16S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis showed maximum similarity of 2D with Bacillus cereus (Accession ID: MH341691). Stress responsive and catabolic/pesticide degrading proteins were over expressed in the presence of cypermethrin in bacteria. Enzymatic kinetics of laccase was deduced in the test isolate under normal and pesticide stress conditions which suggested that the production of enzyme was induced significantly in pesticide stress (163 μg.μL-1) as compare to normal conditions(29 μg.μL-1) while the Km value was decreased in pesticides stress condition (Km = 10.57 mM) and increases in normal condition (Km = 14.33 mM).Amplification of laccase gene showed a major band of 1200bp. The present study highlights on the potential of 2D bacterial strain i.e., high tolerance level of pesticide, effective biodegradation rate, and presence of laccase gene in bacterial strain 2D, could become a potential biological agent for large-scale treatment of mixture of pesticide (cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron) in natural environment (soil and water).
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Omoke D, Kipsum M, Otieno S, Esalimba E, Sheth M, Lenhart A, Njeru EM, Ochomo E, Dada N. Western Kenyan Anopheles gambiae showing intense permethrin resistance harbour distinct microbiota. Malar J 2021; 20:77. [PMID: 33557825 PMCID: PMC7869237 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide resistance poses a growing challenge to malaria vector control in Kenya and around the world. Following evidence of associations between the mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance, the microbiota of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) from Tulukuyi village, Bungoma, Kenya, with differing permethrin resistance profiles were comparatively characterized. Methods Using the CDC bottle bioassay, 133 2–3 day-old, virgin, non-blood fed female F1 progeny of field-caught An. gambiae s.s. were exposed to five times (107.5 µg/ml) the discriminating dose of permethrin. Post bioassay, 50 resistant and 50 susceptible mosquitoes were subsequently screened for kdr East and West mutations, and individually processed for microbial analysis using high throughput sequencing targeting the universal bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene. Results 47 % of the samples tested (n = 133) were resistant, and of the 100 selected for further processing, 99 % were positive for kdr East and 1 % for kdr West. Overall, 84 bacterial taxa were detected across all mosquito samples, with 36 of these shared between resistant and susceptible mosquitoes. A total of 20 bacterial taxa were unique to the resistant mosquitoes and 28 were unique to the susceptible mosquitoes. There were significant differences in bacterial composition between resistant and susceptible individuals (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F = 2.33, P = 0.001), with presence of Sphingobacterium, Lysinibacillus and Streptococcus (all known pyrethroid-degrading taxa), and the radiotolerant Rubrobacter, being significantly associated with resistant mosquitoes. On the other hand, the presence of Myxococcus, was significantly associated with susceptible mosquitoes. Conclusions This is the first report of distinct microbiota in An. gambiae s.s. associated with intense pyrethroid resistance. The findings highlight differentially abundant bacterial taxa between resistant and susceptible mosquitoes, and further suggest a microbe-mediated mechanism of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. These results also indicate fixation of the kdr East mutation in this mosquito population, precluding further analysis of its associations with the mosquito microbiota, but presenting the hypothesis that any microbe-mediated mechanism of insecticide resistance would be likely of a metabolic nature. Overall, this study lays initial groundwork for understanding microbe-mediated mechanisms of insecticide resistance in African mosquito vectors of malaria, and potentially identifying novel microbial markers of insecticide resistance that could supplement existing vector surveillance tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Omoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.,Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Mathew Kipsum
- Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Samson Otieno
- Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Edward Esalimba
- Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Mili Sheth
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Ochomo
- Entomology Section, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Nsa Dada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Science, Aas, Norway. .,Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Hussain I, Puschenreiter M, Gerhard S, Sani SGAS, Khan WUD, Reichenauer TG. Differentiation between physical and chemical effects of oil presence in freshly spiked soil during rhizoremediation trial. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18451-18464. [PMID: 31044381 PMCID: PMC6570674 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum contamination and its remediation via plant-based solutions have got increasing attention by environmental scientists and engineers. In the current study, the physiological and growth responses of two diesel-tolerant plant species (tolerance limit: 1500-2000 mg/kg), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), have been investigated in vegetable oil- and diesel oil-amended soils. A long-term (147-day) greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to differentiate the main focus of the study: physical and chemical effects of oil (vegetable and diesel) in freshly spiked soils via evaluating the plant performance and hydrocarbon degradation. Moreover, plant performance was evaluated in terms of seed germination, plant shoot biomass, physiological parameters, and root biomass. Addition of both diesel oil and vegetable oil in freshly spiked soils showed deleterious effects on seedling emergence, root/shoot biomass, and chlorophyll content of grass and legume plants. Italian ryegrass showed more sensitivity in terms of germination rate to both vegetable and diesel oil as compared to non-contaminated soils while Birdsfoot trefoil reduced the germination rate only in diesel oil-impacted soils. The results of the current study suggest that both physical and chemical effects of oil pose negative effects of plant growth and root development. This observation may explain the phenomenon of reduced plant growth in aged/weathered contaminated soils during rhizoremediation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Hussain
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Centre for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria.
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Bioenergy and Environmental Remediation Lab (BERL), Hanyang, South Korea.
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, A-3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Soja Gerhard
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Centre for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Waqas-Us-Din Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Thomas G Reichenauer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Centre for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria.
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Djouaka R, Soglo MF, Kusimo MO, Adéoti R, Talom A, Zeukeng F, Paraïso A, Afari-Sefa V, Saethre MG, Manyong V, Tamò M, Waage J, Lines J, Mahuku G. The Rapid Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Makes Treated Vegetables Relatively Safe for Consumption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1536. [PMID: 30036953 PMCID: PMC6068899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (λ-cyhalothrin) is the most commonly used pyrethroid insecticide for vegetable farming in Benin. This insecticide is misused and overused by farmers, and hence may pose health hazards to consumers. We monitored λ-cyhalothrin residues in lettuce and cabbage from farms at the market gates in Cotonou and Parakou using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis techniques. These residues were also monitored on samples directly from farms (on-farm sampling) for 14 days post-treatment. Potential factors such as photolysis and hydrolysis involved in λ-cyhalothrin degradation were also screened. Results revealed that the level of λ-cyhalothrin residue concentrations in lettuce from Houeyiho decreased from 4.2 mg/kg on Day 1 to about 0.2 mg/kg on Day 7. On Day 9, analyzed lettuces were all λ-cyhalothrin free. In contrast, even 14 days after treatment of cabbage from Bawera (Parakou), we still recorded the presence of λ-cyhalothrin residues in analyzed samples. For samples from market gates, λ-cyhalothrin residues were found in lettuce from two markets out of the nine surveyed in Cotonou. Interestingly, none of these contaminated samples had residues above the maximum residue limit for lettuce (MRL = 0.5 mg/kg). Similarly, in Parakou, samples from all five surveyed vegetable markets were contaminated with λ-cyhalothrin residues at concentrations below the MRL for cabbage (MRL = 0.2 mg/kg). We conclude that λ-cyhalothrin residues in lettuce and cabbage from farms and markets in Parakou and Cotonou are within the MRL, and hence are relatively safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rousseau Djouaka
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin.
| | - Murielle Farrelle Soglo
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, P.O. Box 526, Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin.
| | | | - Razack Adéoti
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin.
| | - Armand Talom
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin.
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Francis Zeukeng
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Armand Paraïso
- Department of Vegetal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, P.O. Box 123, Parakou, Benin.
| | - Victor Afari-Sefa
- World Vegetable Center, C/O IITA-Benin Campus, Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin.
| | - May-Guri Saethre
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
| | - Victor Manyong
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 34441, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Manuele Tamò
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin.
| | - Jeff Waage
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Jo Lines
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 34441, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
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Hwang JI, Zimmerman AR, Kim JE. Bioconcentration factor-based management of soil pesticide residues: Endosulfan uptake by carrot and potato plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:514-522. [PMID: 29426174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uptake characteristics of endosulfan (ED), including α-, β-isomers and sulfate-metabolites, from the soils by carrot and potato plants were investigated to establish a method that may be used to calculate recommended permissible soil contaminant concentrations (Cs, permissible) at time of planting so that maximum residue level (MRL) standards are not exceeded. The residues of ED were analyzed in soils treated with ED at concentrations of either 2 or 10 mg kg soil-1 and in the plants (carrots and potatoes) grown in such soils for 60-90 d. Presence of plants increased ED dissipation rates in soils in patterns that were best fit to a double-exponential decay model (R2 of 0.84-0.99). The ED uptake extent varied with type of crop, ED isomer, plant growth duration, and plant compartments. However, ED concentrations in all edible parts of crops eventually exceeded their maximum residue limits. Total ED bioconcentration factor (BCF), the ratio of soil ED concentration at planting time to that in edible part of each crop at harvest day, was found to decrease with time due to decreasing soil ED concentration and increasing plant biomass in a pattern that followed a first order kinetic model. Using this model, the Cs, permissible values, specific to the soils used in this study, were calculated to be 0.32 and 0.19 mg kg soil-1 for carrots and potatoes, respectively. The results and methods developed in this study may be utilized as a prediction tool to ensure crop safety from pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Hwang
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew R Zimmerman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Daur I, Saad MM, Eida AA, Ahmad S, Shah ZH, Ihsan MZ, Muhammad Y, Sohrab SS, Hirt H. Boosting Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Production With Rhizobacteria From Various Plants in Saudi Arabia. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:477. [PMID: 29670582 PMCID: PMC5893776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on rhizobacteria to promote sustainable crop production in arid regions of Saudi Arabia. The study isolated 17 tightly root-adhering rhizobacteria from various plants at Hada Al Sham in Saudi Arabia. All 17 rhizobacterial isolates were confirmed as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria by classical biochemical tests. Using 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, the strains were identified as Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter. Subsequently, the strains were assessed for their ability to improve the physiology, nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of alfalfa plants grown under desert agriculture conditions. The field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design. Inoculation of alfalfa with any of these 17 strains improved the relative water content; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; carotenoid contents; nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium contents; plant height; leaf-to-stem ratio; and fresh and dry weight. Acinetobacter pittii JD-14 was most effective to increase fresh and dry weight of alfalfa by 41 and 34%, respectively, when compared to non-inoculated control plants. Nevertheless, all strains enhanced crop traits when compared to controls plants, indicating that these desert rhizobacterial strains could be used to develop an eco-friendly biofertilizer for alfalfa and possibly other crop plants to enhance sustainable production in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsanullah Daur
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged M Saad
- Desert Agriculture Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdul Aziz Eida
- Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain Shah
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Z Ihsan
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Muhammad
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed S Sohrab
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Qi Z, Wei Z. Microbial flora analysis for the degradation of beta-cypermethrin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6554-6562. [PMID: 28074371 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the Xinjiang region of Eurasia, sustained long-term and continuous cropping of cotton over a wide expanse of land is practiced, which requires application of high levels of pyrethroid and other classes of pesticides-resulting in high levels of pesticide residues in the soil. In this study, soil samples were collected from areas of long-term continuous cotton crops with the aim of obtaining microbial resources applicable for remediation of pyrethroid pesticide contamination suitable for the soil type and climate of that area. Soil samples were first used to culture microbial flora capable of degrading beta-cypermethrin using an enrichment culture method. Structural changes and ultimate microbial floral composition during enrichment were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Four strains capable of degrading beta-cypermethrin were isolated and preliminarily classified. Finally, comparative rates and speeds of degradation of beta-cypermethrin between relevant microbial flora and single strains were determined. After continuous subculture for 3 weeks, soil sample microbial flora formed a new type of microbial flora by rapid succession, which showed stable growth by utilizing beta-cypermethrin as the sole carbon source (GXzq). This microbial flora mainly consisted of Pseudomonas, Hyphomicrobium, Dokdonella, and Methyloversatilis. Analysis of the microbial flora also permitted separation of four additional strains; i.e., GXZQ4, GXZQ6, GXZQ7, and GXZQ13 that, respectively, belonged to Streptomyces, Enterobacter, Streptomyces, and Pseudomonas. Under culture conditions of 37 °C and 180 rpm, the degradation rate of beta-cypermethrin by GXzq was as high as 89.84% within 96 h, which exceeded that achieved by the single strains GXZQ4, GXZQ6, GXZQ7, and GXZQ13 and their derived microbial flora GXh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Qi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Zhang Wei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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Pankaj, Sharma A, Gangola S, Khati P, Kumar G, Srivastava A. Novel pathway of cypermethrin biodegradation in a Bacillus sp. strain SG2 isolated from cypermethrin-contaminated agriculture field. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:45. [PMID: 28330116 PMCID: PMC4742419 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides belonging to pyrethroid group are widely used in agricultural fields to check pest infestation in different crops for enhanced food production. In spite of beneficial effects, non-judicious use of pesticides imposes harmful effect on human health as their residues reach different food materials and ground water via leaching, percolation and bioaccumulation. Looking into the potential of microbial degradation of toxic compounds under natural environment, a cypermethrin-degrading Bacillus sp. was isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil of a rice field of Distt. Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India. The bacteria degraded the compound up to 81.6 % within 15 days under standard growth conditions (temperature 32 °C pH 7 and shaking at 116 rpm) in minimal medium. Analysis of intermediate compounds of biodegraded cypermethrin revealed that the bacteria opted a new pathway for cypermethrin degradation. GC-MS analysis of biodegraded cypermethrin showed the presence of 4-propylbenzoate, 4-propylbenzaldehyde, phenol M-tert-butyl and 1-dodecanol, etc. which was not reported earlier in cypermethrin metabolism; hence a novel biodegradation pathway of cypermethrin with Bacillus sp. strain SG2 is proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India.
| | - Anita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Saurabh Gangola
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Priyanka Khati
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Anjana Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
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Diegelmann C, Weber J, Heinzel-Wieland R, Kemme M. Characterization of a cypermethrin-degradingMethylobacteriumsp. strain A-1 and molecular cloning of its carboxylesterase gene. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1245-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Diegelmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Hochschule Darmstadt; University of Applied Sciences; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Joachim Weber
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Hochschule Darmstadt; University of Applied Sciences; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Regina Heinzel-Wieland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Hochschule Darmstadt; University of Applied Sciences; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Michael Kemme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Hochschule Darmstadt; University of Applied Sciences; Darmstadt Germany
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Isolation of a novel beta-cypermethrin degrading strain Bacillus subtilis BSF01 and its biodegradation pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2849-59. [PMID: 25398281 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Continuous use of the pyrethroid insecticide beta-cypermethrin (beta-cp) has resulted in serious environmental contamination problems. We report here that a novel bacterial strain BSF01, which was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis (collection number: CCTCC AB 2014103), showed high efficiency in degrading beta-cp. Strain BSF01 was able to utilize beta-cp as the sole carbon source for growth and degraded 89.4 % of 50 mg L(-1) beta-cp within 7 days. The optimal conditions for beta-cp degradation were determined to be 34.5 °C, pH 6.7, and inocula amount 0.11 g dry wt L(-1) using response surface methodology. The kinetic parameters q max, K s, and K i were established to be 2.19 day(-1), 76.37 mg L(-1), and 54.14 mg L(-1), respectively. The critical inhibitor concentration was determined to be 64.30 mg L(-1). Seven metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a novel biodegradation pathway for beta-cp was proposed on the basis of analysis of the metabolites. This strain was also capable of degrading a wide range of pyrethroid insecticides including cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, and beta-cyfluthrin, which similar to beta-cp are hazardous chemicals. Taken together, our results depict the biodegradation pathway of beta-cp and highlight the promising potentials of strain BSF01 in bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated environments.
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