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Usman SM, Khan RS, Shikari AB, Yousuf N, Waza SA, Wani SH, Bhat MA, Shazia F, Sheikh FA, Majid A. Unveiling the sweetness: evaluating yield and quality attributes of early generation sweet corn (Zea mays subsp. sachharata) inbred lines through morphological, biochemical and marker-based approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:307. [PMID: 38365995 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet corn is gaining tremendous demand worldwide due to urbanization and changing consumer preferences. However, genetic improvement in this crop is being limited by narrow genetic base and other undesirable agronomic traits that hinder the development of superior cultivars. The main requirement in this direction is the development of potentially promising parental lines. One of the most important strategies in this direction is to develop such lines from hybrid-oriented source germplasm which may provide diverse base material with desirable biochemical and agro-morphological attributes. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was undertaken to carry out morphological and biochemical evaluation of 80 early generation inbred lines (S2) of sweet corn that were developed from a cross between two single cross sweet corn hybrids (Mithas and Sugar-75). Moreover, validation of favourable recessive alleles for sugar content was carried out using SSR markers. The 80 sweet corn inbreds evaluated for phenotypic characterization showed wide range of variability with respect to different traits studied. The highest content of total carotenoids was found in the inbred S27 (34 μg g-1) followed by the inbred S65 (31.1 μg g-1). The highest content for total sugars was found in S60 (8.54%) followed by S14 (8.34%). Molecular characterization of 80 inbred lines led to the identification of seven inbreds viz., S21, S28, S47, S48, S49, S53, and S54, carrying the alleles specific to the sugary gene (su1) with respect to the markers umc2061 and bnlg1937. Comparing the results of scatter plot for biochemical and morphological traits, it was revealed that inbreds S9, S23, S27 and S36 contain high levels of total sugars and total carotenoids along with moderate values for amylose and yield attributing traits. CONCLUSION The inbred lines identified with desirable biochemical and agro-morphological attributes in the study could be utilized as source of favourable alleles in sweet corn breeding programmes after further validation for disease resistance and other agronomic traits. Consequently, the study will not only enhance the genetic base of sweet corn germplasm but also has the potential to develop high-yielding hybrids with improved quality. The inbreds possessing su1 gene on the basis of umc2061 and bnlg1937 markers were also found to possess high sugar content. This indicates the potential of these lines as desirable candidates for breeding programs aimed at improving sweet corn yield and quality. These findings also demonstrate the effectiveness of the molecular markers in facilitating marker-assisted selection for important traits in sweet corn breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Mohammad Usman
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Raheel Shafeeq Khan
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Bashir Shikari
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nida Yousuf
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Waza
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Bhat
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - F Shazia
- Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faroq Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Asma Majid
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Lv G, Chen X, Ying D, Li J, Fan Y, Wang B, Fang R. Marker-assisted pyramiding of γ-tocopherol methyltransferase and glutamate formiminotransferase genes for development of biofortified sweet corn hybrids. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13629. [PMID: 35818359 PMCID: PMC9270877 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds, have tremendous impacts on human health. Much progress has been made in improving the micronutrient content of inbred lines in various crops through biofortified breeding. However, biofortified breeding still falls short for the rapid generation of high-yielding hybrids rich in multiple micronutrients. Here, we bred multi-biofortified sweet corn hybrids efficiently through marker-assisted selection. Screening by molecular markers for vitamin E and folic acid, we obtained 15 inbred lines carrying favorable alleles (six for vitamin E, nine for folic acid, and three for both). Multiple biofortified corn hybrids were developed through crossing and genetic diversity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Lv
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duo Ying
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghu Fan
- Chuxiong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chuxiong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiqiu Fang
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
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Ruanjaichon V, Khammona K, Thunnom B, Suriharn K, Kerdsri C, Aesomnuk W, Yongsuwan A, Chaomueang N, Thammapichai P, Arikit S, Wanchana S, Toojinda T. Identification of Gene Associated with Sweetness in Corn ( Zea mays L.) by Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and Development of a Functional SNP Marker for Predicting Sweet Corn. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1239. [PMID: 34207135 PMCID: PMC8235792 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sweetness is an economically important eating quality trait for sweet-corn breeding. To investigate the genetic control of the sweetness trait, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in an association panel consisting of 250 sweet corn and waxy corn inbred and recombinant inbred lines (RILs), together with the genotypes obtained from the high-density 600K maize genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. GWAS results identified 12 significantly associated SNPs on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, and 7. The most associated SNP, AX_91849634, was found on chromosome 3 with a highly significant p-value of ≤1.53 × 10-14. The candidate gene identified within the linkage disequilibrium (LD) of this marker was shrunken2 (Zm00001d044129; sh2), which encodes ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a 60 kDa subunit enzyme that affects starch metabolism in the maize endosperm. Several SNP markers specific to variants in sh2 were developed and validated. According to the validation in a set of 81 inbred, RIL, and popular corn varieties, marker Sh2_rs844805326, which was developed on the basis of the SNP at the position 154 of exon 1, was highly efficient in classifying sh2-based sweet corn from other types of corn. This functional marker is extremely useful for marker-assisted breeding in sh2-sweet corn improvement and marketable seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitchan Ruanjaichon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (V.R.); (K.K.); (B.T.); (W.A.); (A.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Kanogporn Khammona
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (V.R.); (K.K.); (B.T.); (W.A.); (A.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Burin Thunnom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (V.R.); (K.K.); (B.T.); (W.A.); (A.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Khundej Suriharn
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chalong Kerdsri
- Chai Nat Field Crops Research Center, Chai Nat 17000, Thailand;
| | - Wanchana Aesomnuk
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (V.R.); (K.K.); (B.T.); (W.A.); (A.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Arweewut Yongsuwan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (V.R.); (K.K.); (B.T.); (W.A.); (A.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Naraporn Chaomueang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (V.R.); (K.K.); (B.T.); (W.A.); (A.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Paradee Thammapichai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Siwaret Arikit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Samart Wanchana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (V.R.); (K.K.); (B.T.); (W.A.); (A.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (V.R.); (K.K.); (B.T.); (W.A.); (A.Y.); (N.C.)
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Abstract
Modern sweet corn is distinguished from other vegetable corns by the presence of one or more recessive alleles within the maize endosperm starch synthesis pathway. This results in reduced starch content and increased sugar concentration when consumed fresh. Fresh sweet corn originated in the USA and has since been introduced in countries around the World with increasing popularity as a favored vegetable choice. Several reviews have been published recently on endosperm genetics, breeding, and physiology that focus on the basic biology and uses in the US. However, new questions concerning sustainability, environmental care, and climate change, along with the introduction of sweet corn in other countries have produced a variety of new uses and research activities. This review is a summary of the sweet corn research published during the five years preceding 2021.
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Stanley A, Menkir A, Paterne A, Ifie B, Tongoona P, Unachukwu N, Meseka S, Mengesha W, Gedil M. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Maize Inbred Lines with Varying Levels of Resistance to Striga Hermonthica Using Agronomic Trait-Based and SNP Markers. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1223. [PMID: 32957613 PMCID: PMC7570130 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica is a serious biotic stress limiting maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. The limited information on the patterns of genetic diversity among maize inbred lines derived from source germplasm with mixed genetic backgrounds limits the development of inbred lines, hybrids, and synthetics with durable resistance to S. hermonthica. This study was conducted to assess the level of genetic diversity in a panel of 150 diverse maize inbred lines using agronomic and molecular data and also to infer the population structure among the inbred lines. Ten Striga-resistance-related traits were used for the phenotypic characterization, and 16,735 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), were used for molecular diversity. The phenotypic and molecular hierarchical cluster analyses grouped the inbred lines into five clusters, respectively. However, the grouping patterns between the phenotypic and molecular hierarchical cluster analyses were inconsistent due to non-overlapping information between the phenotypic and molecular data. The correlation between the phenotypic and molecular diversity matrices was very low (0.001), which is in agreement with the inconsistencies observed between the clusters formed by the phenotypic and molecular diversity analyses. The joint phenotypic and genotypic diversity matrices grouped the inbred lines into three groups based on their reaction patterns to S. hermonthica, and this was able to exploit a broad estimate of the actual diversity among the inbred lines. The joint analysis shows an invaluable insight for measuring genetic diversity in the evaluated materials. The result indicates that wide genetic variability exists among the inbred lines and that the joint diversity analysis can be utilized to reliably assign the inbred lines into heterotic groups and also to enhance the level of resistance to Striga in new maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekemi Stanley
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement University of Ghana, Legon PMB 30, Ghana; (A.S.); (B.I.); (P.T.)
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria; (A.P.); (N.U.); (S.M.); (W.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria; (A.P.); (N.U.); (S.M.); (W.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Agre Paterne
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria; (A.P.); (N.U.); (S.M.); (W.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Beatrice Ifie
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement University of Ghana, Legon PMB 30, Ghana; (A.S.); (B.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Pangirayi Tongoona
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement University of Ghana, Legon PMB 30, Ghana; (A.S.); (B.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Nnanna Unachukwu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria; (A.P.); (N.U.); (S.M.); (W.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Silvestro Meseka
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria; (A.P.); (N.U.); (S.M.); (W.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Wende Mengesha
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria; (A.P.); (N.U.); (S.M.); (W.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Melaku Gedil
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria; (A.P.); (N.U.); (S.M.); (W.M.); (M.G.)
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