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Qin L, Qian Q, Chen A, Zhang Y, Tang X, Yin T, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Gao X. Isolation and the pathogenicity characterization of Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) from diseased Macrobrachium nipponense and its activation on host immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109403. [PMID: 38266793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality of Macrobrachium nipponense occurred in several farms in China, with cardinal symptoms of slow swimming, loss of appetite, empty of intestine, reddening of the hepatopancreas and gills. The pathogen has been confirmed as Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1), namely DIV1-mn, by molecular epidemiology, histopathological examination, TEM observation, challenge experiment, and viral load detection. Histopathological analysis showed severe damage in hepatopancreas and gills of diseased prawns, exhibited few eosinophilic inclusions and pyknosis, and TEM of diseased prawns revealed that icosahedral virus particles existed in hepatopancreas and gill, which confirmed the disease of the farmed prawns caused by the DIV1 infection. Besides, challenge tests showed LD50 of DIV1 to M. nipponense was determined to be 2.14 × 104 copies/mL, and real-time PCR revealed that M. nipponense had a very high DIV1 load in the hemocytes, gills and hepatopancreas after infection. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was undertaken to investigated the expression of six immune-related genes in DIV1-infected M. nipponense after different time points, and the results revealed UCHL3, Relish, Gly-Cru2, CTL, MyD88 and Hemocyanin were significantly up-regulated in hemocytes, gills and hepatopancreas, which revealed various expression patterns in response to DIV1 infection. This study revealed that DIV1 infection is responsible for the mass mortality of M. nipponense, one of the important crustacean species, indicating its high susceptibility to DIV1. Moreover, this study will contribute to exploring the interaction between the host and DIV1 infection, specifically in terms of understanding how M. nipponense recognizes and eliminates the invading of DIV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qieqi Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Anting Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinzhe Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tianchi Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Dadras F, Velisek J, Zuskova E. An update about beneficial effects of medicinal plants in aquaculture: A review. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:449-463. [PMID: 38303995 PMCID: PMC10828785 DOI: 10.17221/96/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is an essential and growing component of agricultural and global ecosystems worldwide. Aquaculture provides more than 25% of the total aquatic food consumption by humans. The development of the aquaculture industry should be followed in successive industrial years, and therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the management and type of farming system that is compatible with the environment. The use of antibiotics for disease control has been criticised for their negative effects, including the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the suppression of the immune system and the environment, and the accumulation of residue in aquatic tissues. The use of these products reduces the need for treatments, enhances the effect of vaccines, and, in turn, improves production indicators. Medicinal plants have increasingly been used in recent years as a disease control strategy in aquaculture, boosting the immune system of aquatic animals and helping to develop strong resistance to a wide range of pathogens. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the recent evidence on the beneficial use of medicinal plants to promote growth and strengthen the immune system in farmed aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Dadras
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Velisek
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Zuskova
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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3
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Xue M, Wen H, Xu P, Chen J, Wang Q, Tang Y, Ma X, Lv G, Li H, Song C. Validation and Functional Analysis of Reference and Tissue-Specific Genes in Adipose Tissue of Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, under Starvation and Hypothermia Stress. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091328. [PMID: 37174728 PMCID: PMC10177597 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is critical to the growth, development, and physiological health of animals. Reference genes play an essential role in normalizing the expression of mRNAs. Tissue-specific genes are preferred for their function and expression in specific tissues or cell types. Identification of these genes contributes to understanding the tissue-gene relationship and the etiology and discovery of new tissue-specific targets. Therefore, reference genes and tissue-specific genes in the adipose tissue of Aplodinotus grunniens were identified to explore their function under exogenous starvation (1 d, 2 w, 6 w) and hypothermic stress (18 °C and 10 °C for 2 d and 8 d) in this study. Results suggest that 60SRP was the most stable reference gene in adipose tissue. Meanwhile, eight genes were validated as tissue-specific candidates from the high-throughput sequencing database, while seven of them (ADM2, β2GP1, CAMK1G, CIDE3, FAM213A, HSL, KRT222, and NCEH1) were confirmed in adipose tissue. Additionally, these seven tissue-specific genes were active in response to starvation and hypothermic stress in a time- or temperature-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that adipose-specific genes can be identified using stable internal reference genes, thereby identifying specific important functions under starvation and hypothermic stress, which provides tissue-specific targets for adipose regulation in A. grunniens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xue
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haibo Wen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qingyong Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Changyou Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Worlanyo HG, Jiang S, Yu Y, Liu B, Zhou Q, Sun C, Miao L, Lin Y, Zheng X, Saidyleigh M, Lv B, Munganga BP. Effects of dietary threonine on growth and immune response of oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:288-299. [PMID: 35921934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to ascertain the effects of threonine on immune response of juvenile oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). Six isonitrogen and isolipidic feeds were formulated according to levels of dietary threonine (0.35%, 0.79%, 1.18%, 1.67%, 2.08% and 2.48% respectively). The juvenile prawns were divided into six groups with four replicates, and stocked into 24 tanks with 50 prawns per tank (initial weight 0.20 ± 0.02 g). The results showed a significant increasing trend of final body weight, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and weight gain rate when threonine levels increased to 1.67% (P < 0.05). However, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and whole-body lipid composition significantly decreased as threonine levels in the feed increased up to 1.67% (P < 0.05). Moreover, haemolymph N-urea content was significantly lowest at 1.67% threonine level (P < 0.05), whereas glucose was highest at 0.79% followed by 1.67% of threonine levels in the feeds. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities were significantly decreased by an imbalance (except 1.67%) of threonine in the feed (P < 0.05). Activities of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and albumen (ALB) were not significantly affected by threonine in the feed (P > 0.05). Excessive dietary threonine level (2.48%) significantly activated haemolymph catalase (CAT) activity (P < 0.05), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly affected by deficient (0.35% and 0.79%) dietary threonine levels (P < 0.05). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and haemolymph complement component 4 (C4) content were significantly decreased by deficient levels of threonine in the feed (P < 0.05). Excess threonine concentration significantly down-regulated Toll, Dorsal, Relish, and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) gene expressions in the hepatopancreas of M. nipponense (P < 0.05), while all genes were significantly up-regulated by the optimal (1.67%) threonine level (P < 0.05). The threonine level at which maximum specific growth rate of M. nipponense occurred was estimated by second degree polynomial regression analysis as 1.65% of threonine level, equivalent to 4.44% dry weight bases of protein in the feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanu Godfried Worlanyo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development-Fisheries Commission, P. O Box 630, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Yebin Yu
- Yancheng Institute of Technology, College of Marine Science and Bioengineering, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Momodou Saidyleigh
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Bin Lv
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
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Hypothermia-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation Contribute to Antioxidant and Immune Adaption in Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091657. [PMID: 36139731 PMCID: PMC9495763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia-exposure-induced oxidative stress dysregulates cell fate and perturbs cellular homeostasis and function, thereby disturbing fish health. To evaluate the impact of hypothermia on the freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), an 8-day experiment was conducted at 25 °C (control group, Con), 18 °C (LT18), and 10 °C (LT10) for 0 h, 8 h, 1 d, 2 d, and 8 d. Antioxidant and non-specific immune parameters reveal hypothermia induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression. Liver ultrastructure alterations indicate hypothermia induced mitochondrial enlargement, nucleoli aggregation, and lipid droplet accumulation under hypothermia exposure. With the analysis of the transcriptome, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by hypothermia were mainly involved in metabolism, immunity and inflammation, programmed cell death, and disease. Furthermore, the inflammatory response and apoptosis were evoked by hypothermia exposure in different immune organs. Interactively, apoptosis and inflammation in immune organs were correlated with antioxidation and immunity suppression induced by hypothermia exposure. In conclusion, these results suggest hypothermia-induced inflammation and apoptosis, which might be the adaptive mechanism of antioxidation and immunity in the freshwater drum. These findings contribute to helping us better understand how freshwater drum adjust to hypothermia stress.
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