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Sewid AH, Sharaf M, El-Demerdash AS, Ragab SM, Al-Otibi FO, Taha Yassin M, Liu CG. Hexagonal zinc oxide nanoparticles: a novel approach to combat multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in feline urinary tract infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025; 14:1505469. [PMID: 39926113 PMCID: PMC11802582 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1505469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococcus faecalis, a common inhabitant of the feline gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a significant pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in domestic cats. The rise of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains and their propensity to form biofilms pose significant challenges in treatment. This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of hexagonal zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) alone and in combination with streptomycin and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLe) against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis isolates from feline UTIs. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was assessed using the crystal violet assay, and biofilm-associated genes (sprE, gelE, fsrABC) were detected by PCR. ZnONPs, Str/ZnONPs (streptomycin-loaded ZnONPs), and Str/MOLe@ZnONPs (streptomycin and MOLe-loaded ZnONPs) were characterized using FTIR, DLS, TEM, and SEM. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated through time-kill assays, well diffusion assays, and gene expression analysis. Results A high prevalence of multidrug resistance was observed among the E. faecalis isolates, with significant resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin, and streptomycin. Characterization studies revealed the successful encapsulation of streptomycin and MOLe within the ZnONPs.In vitro assays demonstrated that Str/MOLe@ZnONPs exhibited potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against the tested E. faecalis strains, significantly reducing bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Discussion The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This study demonstrates the promising potential of ZnONPs, particularly those loaded with streptomycin and MOLe, in combating biofilm-forming E. faecalis. The synergistic effects of the combined formulation may offer a novel approach to overcome antibiotic resistance and improve the treatment outcomes of E. faecalis UTIs in domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H. Sewid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza S. El-Demerdash
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Ragab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatimah O. Al-Otibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Taha Yassin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Elashkar E, Alfaraj R, El-Borady OM, Amer MM, Algammal AM, El-Demerdash AS. Novel silver nanoparticle-based biomaterials for combating Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. Front Microbiol 2025; 15:1507274. [PMID: 39850135 PMCID: PMC11754292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1507274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant nosocomial pathogen that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, often forming biofilms that enhance its virulence. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel nanoformulation, AgNPs@chitosan-NaF, in combating K. pneumoniae biofilms. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to assess the antibiotic resistance profile of K. pneumoniae isolates. The antibiofilm activity of AgNPs@chitosan-NaF was evaluated using crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. The underlying mechanisms of action were investigated through gene expression analysis. Results The majority of K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited high levels of multidrug resistance. AgNPs@chitosan-NaF demonstrated superior biofilm inhibition compared to AgNPs@chitosan, significantly reducing biofilm biomass and disrupting biofilm architecture at MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1 μg/mL. Mechanistic studies revealed that the nanoformulation downregulated the expression of key biofilm-associated genes, including treC, fimA, mrkA, and ecpA. While AgNPs@chitosan-NaF exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on both normal and cancer cell lines, minimal cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 31.25 μg/mL. Conclusion This study highlights the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles, chitosan, and sodium fluoride in combating K. pneumoniae biofilms. The nanoformulation, AgNPs@chitosan-NaF, emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy to address the challenge of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Elashkar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Rihaf Alfaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola M. El-Borady
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Amer
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem M. Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Azza S. El-Demerdash
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, Egypt
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El-Demerdash AS, Kamel SA, Elariny EYT, Henidi H, Mahran Y, Alahdal H, Saleh AM, Ibrahim RA. Natural Inhibitors of Salmonella MDR Efflux Pumps AcrAB and AcrD: An Integrated In Silico, Molecular, and In Vitro Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12949. [PMID: 39684663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella remains a significant global health threat. This study aimed to explore the potential of essential oil components as novel inhibitors of the Salmonella MDR efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrD. Salmonella isolates were characterized for serotype, antibiotic resistance, and efflux pump activity. Essential oil components were screened for inhibitory effects using phenotypic and genotypic methods. In silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate binding interactions and stability. Salmonella Typhimurium was the predominant serotype with high MDR rates. Efflux pump activity was prevalent. Cumin and cinnamon oils demonstrated promising inhibitory effects on these pumps. Molecular docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities of analyzed compounds to the AcrAB and AcrD binding pocket. The 2-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)propan-2-ol exhibited higher stability within the AcrAB binding pocket compared to (1S,3R,5R)-1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol within the AcrD binding pocket. Treatment with these oils significantly downregulated efflux pump genes (robA, acrB, mdtB, acrF, acrD, soxS, mdsB, marA). The novel approach of combining in silico and molecular dynamics simulations with precise gene expression analysis provides a valuable framework for future studies aimed at combating MDR Salmonella efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S El-Demerdash
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig 44516, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Kamel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Eman Y T Elariny
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanan Henidi
- Research Department, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Mahran
- Research Department, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadil Alahdal
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 13415, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, KasrEl-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Infection Control and Epidemiology Surveillance Unit, Aweash El-Hagar Family Medicine Center, Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), Mansoura 35711, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Ibrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Zhang R, Yang J, Wang Q, Hu D, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Qiao Y, Zhao F, Wang Z, Wang J, Yu Y, Han H, Hao L, Dong H. Comparative Efficacy of Plant Extracts and Probiotics on Growth and Gut Health in Chickens with Necrotic Enteritis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3312. [PMID: 39595364 PMCID: PMC11591468 DOI: 10.3390/ani14223312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, represents a major economic challenge to poultry production. This study evaluated the effects of four plant extracts-Astragalus, pomegranate peel, Sophora flavescens, and Artemisia annua-in combination with B. subtilis, as potential antibiotic alternatives for controlling NE. Using an experimentally induced NE model produced by coinfection with Eimeria maxima and C. perfringens, 288 chickens were divided into 12 groups to assess growth performance, intestinal lesions, and inflammatory markers. Compared with the enramycin group, the pomegranate peel extract group had a 9.9% increase in body weight gain (BWG), significant enhancement in claudin-2 expression, and reduced production of inflammatory factors. Compared with the infected control group, the combination of A. annua extract and B. subtilis resulted in the lowest intestinal lesion scores. The claudin-2, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 expression levels in the group treated with S. flavescens extract combined with B. subtilis increased to the highest levels compared to those in the healthy control group. These findings emphasize the potential of plant extracts, particularly pomegranate peel and A. annua with B. subtilis, as natural alternatives for NE management in poultry, providing a promising approach to reducing reliance on antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Xi’an 710003, China;
| | - Dandan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Qiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Shunhai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Fanghe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Zhongchuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Jinwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Hongyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Lili Hao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai 200241, China; (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
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Fu M, Wang J, Xu D, Cao N, Li W, Li F, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhu C, Huang Y, Zhang X. Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviates LPS-induced proliferation, differentiation inhibition and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1412. [PMID: 38504633 PMCID: PMC10951630 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce systemic inflammation and affect the growth and development of poultry. As a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) can effectively improve the growth performance of animals and improve the immunity of animal bodies. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PAMK on LPS-induced inflammatory response, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of chicken embryonic myogenic cells. METHODS We used chicken embryonic myogenic cells as a model by detecting EdU/MYHC immunofluorescence, the expression of inflammation, proliferation, differentiation-related genes and proteins and the number of apoptotic cells in the condition of adding LPS, PAMK, belnacasan (an inhibitor of Caspase1) or their combinations. RESULTS The results showed that LPS stimulation increased the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited proliferation and differentiation, and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells, and PAMK alleviated these adverse effects induced by LPS. After the addition of belnacasan (inhibitor of Caspase1), apoptosis in myogenic cells was inhibited, and therefore, the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes Caspase1 and Caspase3 were increased. In addition, belnacasan inhibited the increased expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited proliferation, differentiation and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of action of PAMK and exogenous LPS on chicken embryonic myogenic cells and lays the foundation for the development and application of green feed additives in animal husbandry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Fu
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Danning Xu
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Nan Cao
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Wanyan Li
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Fada Li
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
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Saad MF, Elsayed MM, Khder M, Abdelaziz AS, El-Demerdash AS. Biocontrol of multidrug resistant pathogens isolated from fish farms using silver nanoparticles combined with hydrogen peroxide insight to its modulatory effect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7971. [PMID: 38575637 PMCID: PMC10994946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was divided into two parts. The first part involved the isolation, and detection of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio species from Nile tilapia fish and marine aquatic water. One hundred freshly dead Nile tilapia fish were collected from freshwater aquaculture fish farms located in Al-Abbassah district, Sharkia Governorate, and 100 samples of marine aquatic water were collected from fish farms in Port Said. The second part of the study focused on determining the in vitro inhibitory effect of dual-combination of AgNPs-H2O2 on bacterial growth and its down regulatory effect on crucial virulence factors using RT-PCR. The highest levels of A. hydrophila and P. aeruginosa were detected in 43%, and 34% of Nile tilapia fish samples, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest level of Vibrio species was found in 37% of marine water samples. Additionally, most of the isolated A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa and Vibrio species exhibited a multi-drug resistance profile. The MIC and MBC results indicated a bactericidal effect of AgNPs-H2O2. Furthermore, a transcriptional modulation effect of AgNPs-H2O2 on the virulence-associated genes resulted in a significant down-regulation of aerA, exoU, and trh genes in A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa, and Vibrio spp., respectively. The findings of this study suggest the effectiveness of AgNPs-H2O2 against drug resistant pathogens related to aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai F Saad
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mariam Khder
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza S El-Demerdash
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, 44516, Egypt.
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El-Demerdash AS, Orady RM, Matter AA, Ebrahem AF. An Alternative Approach Using Nano-garlic Emulsion and its Synergy with Antibiotics for Controlling Biofilm-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in Chicken. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:632-644. [PMID: 38034905 PMCID: PMC10682320 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-growing antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Salmonella is emerging as a global health challenge due to its high economic loss in the poultry industry. Their pathogenesis, increasing antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation make them challenging to treat with traditional therapy. The identification of antimicrobial herbal ingredients may provide valuable solutions to solve this problem. Therefore, our aim is to evaluate the potency of nano garlic as the alternative of choice against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella isolates using disc diffusion and microdilution assays. Then, checkerboard titration in trays was applied, and FIC was measured to identify the type of interaction between the two antimicrobials. A disc diffusion assay revealed that neomycin was the drug of choice. The range of nano garlic MIC was 12.5-25 μg/ml, while the neomycin MIC range was 32-64 μg/ml. The FIC index established a synergistic association between the two tested drugs in 85% of isolates. An experimental model was used including nano garlic and neomycin alone and in combination against Salmonella infection. The combination therapy significantly improved body productivity and inhibited biofilm formation by more than 50% down regulating the CsgBAD, motB, and sipA operons, which are responsible for curli fimbriae production and biofilm formation in Salmonella serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S. El-Demerdash
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, 44516 Egypt
| | - Rania M. Orady
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Matter
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Amera F. Ebrahem
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Gamasa, Egypt
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El-Demerdash AS, Mowafy RE, Fahmy HA, Matter AA, Samir M. Pathognomonic features of Pasteurella multocida isolates among various avian species in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:335. [PMID: 37807011 PMCID: PMC10560635 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to isolate Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) from pulmonary cases in several avian species and then investigate the histopathological features, antimicrobial resistance determinants, virulence characteristics, and risk factors analysis of the isolates in each species in correlation with epidemiological mapping of pasteurellosis in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The obtained data revealed a total occurrence of 9.4% (30/317) of P. multocida among the examined birds (chickens, ducks, quails, and turkeys). The incidence rate was influenced by avian species, climate, breed, age, clinical signs, and sample type. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all isolates were sensitive to florfenicol and enrofloxacin, while 86.6 and 73.3% of the isolates displayed resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and erythromycin, respectively. All of the P. multocida isolates showed a multiple-drug resistant pattern with an average index of 0.43. Molecular characterization revealed that the oma87, sodA, and ptfA virulence genes were detected in the all examined P. multocida isolates. The ermX (erythromycin), blaROB-1 (β-lactam), and mcr-1(colistin) resistance genes were present in 60, 46.6, and 40% of the isolates, respectively. Ducks and quails were the most virulent and harbored species of antimicrobial-resistant genes. These results were in parallel with postmortem and histopathological examinations which detected more severe interstitial pneumonia lesions in the trachea and lung, congestion, and cellular infiltration especially in ducks. Epidemiological mapping revealed that the Fakous district was the most susceptible to pasteurellosis infection. Thus, farmers are recommended to monitor their flocks for signs of respiratory disease, seek veterinary care promptly if any birds are sick, and avoid the random usage of antibiotics. In conclusion, this study presents a comprehensive picture of the risk factors in correlation to the pathognomonic characteristics of P. multocida infection in poultry sectors to help in developing more effective strategies for prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S El-Demerdash
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, 44516, Egypt.
| | - Rehab E Mowafy
- Department of Pathology, Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, 44516, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Matter
- Agricultural Research Centre, Animal Health Research Institute, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Gamasa, 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Samir
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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