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Goude G, Salazar-García DC, Power RC, Rivollat M, Gourichon L, Deguilloux MF, Pemonge MH, Bouby L, Binder D. New insights on Neolithic food and mobility patterns in Mediterranean coastal populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:218-235. [PMID: 32557548 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this research are to explore the diet, mobility, social organization, and environmental exploitation patterns of early Mediterranean farmers, particularly the role of marine and plant resources in these foodways. In addition, this work strives to document possible gendered patterns of behavior linked to the neolithization of this ecologically rich area. To achieve this, a set of multiproxy analyses (isotopic analyses, dental calculus, microremains analysis, ancient DNA) were performed on an exceptional deposit (n = 61) of human remains from the Les Bréguières site (France), dating to the transition of the sixth to the fifth millennium BCE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples used in this study were excavated from the Les Bréguières site (Mougins, Alpes-Maritimes, France), located along the southeastern Mediterranean coastline of France. Stable isotope analyses (C, N) on bone collagen (17 coxal bones, 35 craniofacial elements) were performed as a means to infer protein intake during tissue development. Sulfur isotope ratios were used as indicators of geographical and environmental points of origin. The study of ancient dental calculus helped document the consumption of plants. Strontium isotope analysis on tooth enamel (n = 56) was conducted to infer human provenance and territorial mobility. Finally, ancient DNA analysis was performed to study maternal versus paternal diversity within this Neolithic group (n = 30). RESULTS Stable isotope ratios for human bones range from -20.3 to -18.1‰ for C, from 8.9 to 11.1‰ for N and from 6.4 to 15‰ for S. Domestic animal data range from -22.0 to -20.2‰ for C, from 4.1 to 6.9‰ for N, and from 10.2 to 12.5‰ for S. Human enamel 87 Sr/86 Sr range from 0.7081 to 0.7102, slightly wider than the animal range (between 0.7087 and 0.7096). Starch and phytolith microremains were recovered as well as other types of remains (e.g., hairs, diatoms, fungal spores). Starch grains include Triticeae type and phytolith includes dicotyledons and monocot types as panicoid grasses. Mitochondrial DNA characterized eight different maternal lineages: H1, H3, HV (5.26%), J (10.53%), J1, K, T (5.2%), and U5 (10.53%) but no sample yielded reproducible Y chromosome SNPs, preventing paternal lineage characterization. DISCUSSION Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios indicate a consumption of protein by humans mainly focused on terrestrial animals and possible exploitation of marine resources for one male and one undetermined adult. Sulfur stable isotope ratios allowed distinguishing groups with different geographical origins, including two females possibly more exposed to the sea spray effect. While strontium isotope data do not indicate different origins for the individuals, mitochondrial lineage diversity from petrous bone DNA suggests the burial includes genetically differentiated groups or a group practicing patrilocality. Moreover, the diversity of plant microremains recorded in dental calculus provide the first evidence that the groups of Les Bréguières consumed a wide breadth of plant foods (as cereals and wild taxa) that required access to diverse environments. This transdisciplinary research paves the way for new perspectives and highlights the relevance for novel research of contexts (whether recently discovered or in museum collections) excavated near shorelines, due to the richness of the biodiversity and the wide range of edible resources available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Goude
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Minist. Culture, LAMPEA, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Domingo C Salazar-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain.,Aix Marseille Univ, IMERA, Marseille, France.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Robert C Power
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maïté Rivollat
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Bordeaux University, Pessac, France
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Bouby
- ISEM-Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Rivollat M, Jeong C, Schiffels S, Küçükkalıpçı İ, Pemonge MH, Rohrlach AB, Alt KW, Binder D, Friederich S, Ghesquière E, Gronenborn D, Laporte L, Lefranc P, Meller H, Réveillas H, Rosenstock E, Rottier S, Scarre C, Soler L, Wahl J, Krause J, Deguilloux MF, Haak W. Ancient genome-wide DNA from France highlights the complexity of interactions between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz5344. [PMID: 32523989 PMCID: PMC7259947 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Starting from 12,000 years ago in the Middle East, the Neolithic lifestyle spread across Europe via separate continental and Mediterranean routes. Genomes from early European farmers have shown a clear Near Eastern/Anatolian genetic affinity with limited contribution from hunter-gatherers. However, no genomic data are available from modern-day France, where both routes converged, as evidenced by a mosaic cultural pattern. Here, we present genome-wide data from 101 individuals from 12 sites covering today's France and Germany from the Mesolithic (N = 3) to the Neolithic (N = 98) (7000-3000 BCE). Using the genetic substructure observed in European hunter-gatherers, we characterize diverse patterns of admixture in different regions, consistent with both routes of expansion. Early western European farmers show a higher proportion of distinctly western hunter-gatherer ancestry compared to central/southeastern farmers. Our data highlight the complexity of the biological interactions during the Neolithic expansion by revealing major regional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Rivollat
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA-UMR, 5199 Pessac, France
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeogenetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeogenetics, Jena, Germany
- Seoul National University, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeogenetics, Jena, Germany
| | - İşil Küçükkalıpçı
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeogenetics, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Adam Benjamin Rohrlach
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeogenetics, Jena, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kurt W. Alt
- Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- Integrative Prähistorische und Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Binder
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, CEPAM-UMR, 7264 Nice, France
| | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt—State Museum of Prehistory, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ghesquière
- Inrap Grand Ouest, Bourguébus, France
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, CReAAH-UMR, 6566 Rennes, France
| | - Detlef Gronenborn
- Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Archäologie, Ernst-Ludwig-Platz 2, 55116 Mainz, Germany
| | - Luc Laporte
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, CReAAH-UMR, 6566 Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Lefranc
- Inrap Grand Est Sud, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Archimède-UMR, 7044 Strasbourg, France
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt—State Museum of Prehistory, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hélène Réveillas
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA-UMR, 5199 Pessac, France
- Centre Archéologie préventive de Bordeaux Métropole, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eva Rosenstock
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Einstein Center Chronoi, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Chris Scarre
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Ludovic Soler
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA-UMR, 5199 Pessac, France
- Service départemental d’archéologie de Charente-Maritime, Saintes, France
| | - Joachim Wahl
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz, Germany
- Universität Tübingen, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeogenetics, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Haak
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Department of Archaeogenetics, Jena, Germany
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