Eco-Friendly Electrochemical Biosensor based on Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite

Nanocellulose-Graphene Derivative Hybrids: Advanced Structure-Based Functionality from Top-down Synthesis to Bottom-up Assembly

There is an emerging endeavor of advanced structure-based functionality in the next-generation advanced functional materials inspired by hierarchical architecture for future technical applications. This review provides an impressive range roadmap for constructing advanced functional materials based on the nanocellulose-graphene derivative hybrids, from the top-down synthesis of their hierarchical materials to the bottom-up assembly of their nanoscale building blocks. First, the roadmap started from the top-down synthesis routes of nanocellulose-graphene hierarchical materials into their derivatives, where the pristine properties of nanoscale building blocks are still accessible and processable. Then, the stable-strong synergistic interfacial interactions between nanocellulose chains and graphene derivative nanosheets are uniquely well-suited in this roadmap for constructing scalable hybrid materials with interesting emergent properties. After that, the roadmap presented the bottom-up assembly approaches of these versatile nanoscale building blocks through self-assembly, templating, and mimicking of the bioinspired hierarchical structures toward advanced functional materials. Thereafter, toward understanding the specificity, superiority, and functionality of such hybrid materials, the roadmap discussed the properties and potential applications so far. Finally, the roadmap pointed out the key challenges and future outlooks, paving the way for comprehensive understanding and ideal designing of hybrid structures from nanocellulose and graphene derivatives.

Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising cellulose derivatives. Due to its characteristic surface properties, mechanical strength, tunable hydrophilicity, viscous properties, availability and abundance of raw materials, low-cost synthesis process, and likewise many contrasting aspects, it is now widely used in various advanced application fields, for example, food, paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, biomedical engineering, wastewater treatment, energy production, and storage energy production, and storage and so on. Many research articles have been reported on CMC, depending on their sources and application fields. Thus, a comprehensive and well-organized review is in great demand that can provide an up-to-date and in-depth review on CMC. Herein, this review aims to provide compact information of the synthesis to the advanced applications of this material in various fields. Finally, this article covers the insights of future CMC research that could guide researchers working in this prominent field.