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Bhowmick BK, Sarkar S, Roychowdhury D, Patil SD, Lekhak MM, Ohri D, Rama Rao S, Yadav SR, Verma RC, Dhar MK, Raina SN, Jha S. Allium cytogenetics: a critical review on the Indian taxa. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2023; 17:129-156. [PMID: 37304149 PMCID: PMC10252142 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.98903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Allium Linnaeus, 1753 (tribe Allieae) contains about 800 species worldwide of which almost 38 species are reported in India, including the globally important crops (onion, garlic, leek, shallot) and many wild species. A satisfactory chromosomal catalogue of Allium species is missing which has been considered in the review for the species occurring in India. The most prominent base number is x=8, with few records of x=7, 10, 11. The genome size has sufficient clues for divergence, ranging from 7.8 pg/1C to 30.0 pg/1C in diploid and 15.16 pg/1C to 41.78 pg/1C in polyploid species. Although the karyotypes are seemingly dominated by metacentrics, substantial variation in nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) is noteworthy. The chromosomal rearrangement between A.cepa Linnaeus, 1753 and its allied species has paved way to appreciate genomic evolution within Allium. The presence of a unique telomere sequence and its conservation in Allium sets this genus apart from all other Amaryllids and supports monophyletic origin. Any cytogenetic investigation regarding NOR variability, telomere sequence and genome size in the Indian species becomes the most promising field to decipher chromosome evolution against the background of species diversity and evolution, especially in the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Kumar Bhowmick
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, 1&3, Urquhart Square, Kolkata- 700006, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Scottish Church CollegeKolkataIndia
| | - Sayantika Sarkar
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, IndiaUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Dipasree Roychowdhury
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, IndiaUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Sayali D. Patil
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra- 416004, IndiaShivaji UniversityKolhapurIndia
| | - Manoj M. Lekhak
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra- 416004, IndiaShivaji UniversityKolhapurIndia
| | - Deepak Ohri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow- 226028, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity University Uttar PradeshLucknowIndia
| | - Satyawada Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya- 793022, IndiaNorth-Eastern Hill UniversityShillongIndia
| | - S. R. Yadav
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra- 416004, IndiaShivaji UniversityKolhapurIndia
| | - R. C. Verma
- School of Studies in Botany, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh 456010, IndiaVikram UniversityUjjainIndia
| | - Manoj K. Dhar
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir- 180006, IndiaUniversity of JammuJammuIndia
| | - S. N. Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201313, IndiaAmity UniversityNoidaIndia
| | - Sumita Jha
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, IndiaUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
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Samatadze TE, Yurkevich OY, Khazieva FM, Basalaeva IV, Konyaeva EA, Burova AE, Zoshchuk SA, Morozov AI, Amosova AV, Muravenko OV. Agro-Morphological and Cytogenetic Characterization of Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid Plants of Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192585. [PMID: 36235449 PMCID: PMC9570621 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae) is a valuable medicinal herb with a wide spectrum of biological activities. Under natural conditions, the productivity of this species is rather low. In this study, colchicine-induced tetraploid plants (2n = 4x = 36) of P. caeruleum were obtained, and for the first time, their morphological and cytogenetic characterization was performed. In the tetraploid plants, raw material productivity and also the content of triterpene saponins were significantly higher than in the control diploids. The analysis of chromosome behavior at meiosis and FISH chromosome mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA generally demonstrated stability of both genomes in the tetraploid plants. Based on chromosome morphology and distribution patterns of the studied molecular cytogenetic markers, all chromosome pairs in karyotypes were identified, and chromosome karyograms and idiograms of P. caeruleum were constructed. The revealed specific microdiagnostic characteristics of P. caeruleum (strongly sinuous cells and anomocytic stomata of the leaf epidermis, and also glandular hairs along the veins) could be useful for raw material identification. In the obtained tetraploids, the predominance of large stomata on the lower leaf epidermis was determined. The studied tetraploids can be used in various breeding programs to obtain high-quality pharmaceutical raw materials of P. caeruleum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E. Samatadze
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Yurkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Firdaus M. Khazieva
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St., Moscow 117216, Russia
| | - Irina V. Basalaeva
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St., Moscow 117216, Russia
| | - Elena A. Konyaeva
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St., Moscow 117216, Russia
| | - Alla E. Burova
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St., Moscow 117216, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav A. Zoshchuk
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Morozov
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St., Moscow 117216, Russia
| | - Alexandra V. Amosova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russia
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Khah MA, Alshehri MA, Filimban FZ, Alam Q, Aloufi S. Influence of Colchicine in Causing Severe Chromosomal Damage in Microsporocytes of Hard Wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.): Possible Mechanisms and Genotoxic Relevance. CYTOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.87.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University
| | - Faten Zubair Filimban
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Qamre Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri JJT University
| | - Salman Aloufi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University
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