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Gut microbiome disruption altered the biotransformation and liver toxicity of arsenic in mice. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:25-35. [PMID: 30357543 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiome (GM) plays a critical role in xenobiotic biotransformation and can profoundly affect the toxic effects of xenobiotics. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that gut bacteria have the capability to metabolize arsenic (As); however, the specific roles of the gut microbiota in As metabolism in vivo and the toxic effects of As are largely unknown. Here, we administered sodium arsenite to conventionally raised mice (with normal microbiomes) and GM-disrupted mice with antibiotics to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in As biotransformation and its toxicity. We found that the urinary total As levels of GM-disrupted mice were much higher, but the fecal total As levels were lower, than the levels in the conventionally raised mice. In vitro experiments, in which the GM was incubated with As, also demonstrated that the gut bacteria could adsorb or take up As and thus reduce the free As levels in the culture medium. With the disruption of the gut microbiota, arsenic biotransformation was significantly perturbed. Of note, the urinary monomethylarsonic acid/dimethylarsinic acid ratio, a biomarker of arsenic metabolism and toxicity, was markedly increased. Meanwhile, the expression of genes of one-carbon metabolism, including folr2, bhmt, and mthfr, was downregulated, and the liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels were significantly decreased in the As-treated GM-disrupted mice only. Moreover, As exposure altered the expression of genes of the p53 signaling pathway, and the expression of multiple genes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was also changed in the As-treated GM-disrupted mice only. Collectively, disruption of the GM enhances the effect of As on one-carbon metabolism, which could in turn affect As biotransformation. GM disruption also increases the toxic effects of As and may increase the risk of As-induced HCC in mice.
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Wang L, Perez J, Heard-Costa N, Chu AY, Joehanes R, Munson PJ, Levy D, Fox CS, Cupples LA, Liu CT. Integrating genetic, transcriptional, and biological information provides insights into obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:457-467. [PMID: 30232418 PMCID: PMC6405310 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Indices of body fat distribution are heritable, but few genetic signals have been reported from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of computed tomography (CT) imaging measurements of body fat distribution. We aimed to identify genes associated with adiposity traits and the key drivers that are central to adipose regulatory networks. Subjects: We analyzed gene transcript expression data in blood from participants in the Framingham Heart Study, a large community-based cohort (n up to 4,303), as well as implemented an integrative analysis of these data and existing biological information. Results: Our association analyses identified unique and common gene expression signatures across several adiposity traits, including body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, and CT-measured indices, including volume and quality of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. We identified six enriched KEGG pathways and two co-expression modules for further exploration of adipose regulatory networks. The integrative analysis revealed four gene sets (Apoptosis, p53 signaling pathway, Proteasome, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis) and two co-expression modules with significant genetic variants and 94 key drivers/genes whose local networks were enriched with adiposity-associated genes, suggesting that these enriched pathways or modules have genetic effects on adiposity. Most identified key driver genes are involved in essential biological processes such as controlling cell cycle, DNA repair and degradation of regulatory proteins and are cancer related. Conclusion: Our integrative analysis of genetic, transcriptional and biological information provides a list of compelling candidates for further follow-up functional studies to uncover the biological mechanisms underlying obesity. These candidates highlight the value of examining CT-derived and central adiposity traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jeremiah Perez
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Audrey Y Chu
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Peter J Munson
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Office of Intramural Research, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Caroline S Fox
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Lin SS, Peng CY, Liao YW, Chou MY, Hsieh PL, Yu CC. miR-1246 Targets CCNG2 to Enhance Cancer Stemness and Chemoresistance in Oral Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080272. [PMID: 30115848 PMCID: PMC6115994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs have been recognized as crucial components in carcinogenesis, but whether miR-1246 affects the cancer stemness and drug resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been fully understood and its downstream targets still need to be unraveled. In the present work, we employed miRNAs RT-PCR analysis to evaluate the expression of miR-1246 in tumor tissues and oral cancer stem cells (OCSC). Stemness phenotypes, including self-renewal, migration, invasion, colony formation capacities, and in vivo oncogenicity of oral cancer cells following transfected with miR-1246 inhibitors or mimics were examined. Our results suggested that the expression level of miR-1246 was significantly upregulated in the tumor tissues and OCSC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of OSCC patients with high levels of miR-1246 had the worst survival rate compared to their low-expression counterparts. Inhibition of miR-1246 in OCSC significantly reduced the stemness hallmarks, while overexpression of miR-1246 enhanced these characteristics. Moreover, we showed that downregulation of miR-1246 decreased chemoresistance. In addition, we verified that miR-1246-inhibited CCNG2 contributed to the cancer stemness of OSCC. These results demonstrated the significance of miR-1246 in the regulation of OSCC stemness. Targeting miR-1246-CCNG2 axis may be beneficial to suppress cancer relapse and metastasis in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Shen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yung Chou
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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4
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Zhang D, Wang C, Li Z, Li Y, Dai D, Han K, Lv L, Lu Y, Hou L, Wang J. CCNG2 Overexpression Mediated by AKT Inhibits Tumor Cell Proliferation in Human Astrocytoma Cells. Front Neurol 2018; 9:255. [PMID: 29720957 PMCID: PMC5915460 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin family protein CCNG2 has an important inhibitory role in cancer initiation and progression, but the exact mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship between CCNG2 and the malignancy of astrocytomas and whether the AKT pathway, which is upregulated in astrocytomas, may inhibit CCNG2 expression. CCNG2 expression was found to be negatively associated with the pathological grade and proliferative activity of astrocytomas, as the highest expression was found in control brain tissue (N = 31), whereas the lowest expression was in high-grade glioma tissue (N = 31). Additionally, CCNG2 overexpression in glioma cell lines, T98G and U251 inhibited proliferation and arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, CCNG2 overexpression could increase glioma cells apoptosis. In contrast, AKT activity increased in glioma cells that had low CCNG2 expression. Expression of CCNG2 was higher in cells treated with the AKT kinase inhibitor MK-2206 indicating that the presence of phosphorylated AKT may inhibit the expression of CCNG2. Inhibition of AKT also led to decreased colony formation in T98G and U251 cells and knocked down of CCNG2 reversed the result. Finally, overexpression of CCNG2 in glioma cells reduced tumor volume in a murine model. To conclude, low expression of CCNG2 correlated with the severity astrocytoma and CCNG2 overexpression could induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation. Inhibition of AKT activity increased the expression of CCNG2. The present study highlights the regulatory consequences of CCNG2 expression and AKT activity in astrocytoma tumorigenesis and the potential use of CCNG2 in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liquan Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Wang S, Zeng Y, Zhou JM, Nie SL, Peng Q, Gong J, Huo JR. MicroRNA-1246 promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells involving CCNG2 reduction. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:273-80. [PMID: 26573378 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type and the fourth leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide. MicroRNA (miR)‑1246 is involved in differentiation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of certain types of tumor cells. CCNG2 encodes an unconventional cyclin homolog, cyclin G2 (CycG2), associated with growth inhibition, which correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, histological grade and poor overall survival in numerous cancer types. To investigate the regulation of miR‑1246 on CycG2 expression, and their effects on proliferation and metastasis of CRC, HCT‑116 and LOVO cells were transfected with pre‑miR‑1246 anti‑miR‑1246 and their negative controls. It was demonstrated that the expression of miR‑1246 was significantly increased in CRC tissues and cell lines, which was the opposite of CycG2. miR‑1246 negatively regulated the expression of CycG2 in HCT‑116 and LOVO CRC cells. CCNG2 is a direct target of miR‑1246 in CRC cells. Overexpression of miR‑1246 induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while knockdown of miR‑1246 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in the CRC cells. Upregulation of miR‑1246 mediated the malignant progression of CRC and is partly attributed to the downregulation of the expression of CycG2. Consequently, these findings provided a molecular basis for the role of miR‑1246/CCNG2 in the progression of human CRC and suggested a novel target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zeng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Mei Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Lin Nie
- Department of Colorectal Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Rong Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Hasegawa S, Nagano H, Konno M, Eguchi H, Tomokuni A, Tomimaru Y, Wada H, Hama N, Kawamoto K, Kobayashi S, Marubashi S, Nishida N, Koseki J, Gotoh N, Ohno S, Yabuta N, Nojima H, Mori M, Doki Y, Ishii H. Cyclin G2: A novel independent prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2986-2990. [PMID: 26722276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other cyclins that positively regulate the cell cycle, cyclin G2 (CCNG2) regulates cell proliferation as a tumor suppressor gene. A decreased CCNG2 expression serves as a marker for poor prognosis in several types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to clarify the correlation of CCNG2 expression with overall survival and histopathological factors in pancreatic cancer patients. This retrospective analysis included data from 36 consecutive patients who underwent complete surgical resection for pancreatic cancer and did not undergo any preoperative therapies. The association between prognoses and the expression of CCNG2 was assessed using immunohistochemical staining. Multivariate analysis identified that the expression of CCNG2 is an independent prognostic factor. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier curve for overall survival revealed that decreased expression of CCNG2 was a consistent indicator of poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients (P=0.0198). A decreased CCNG2 expression significantly correlated with venous invasion in tumor specimens and the tumor invasion depth. In conclusion, CCNG2 expression inversely reflected cancer progression and may be a novel, independent prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Tomokuni
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Marubashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohno
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikazu Yabuta
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nojima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Xiao X, Zhou L, Cao P, Gong H, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-93 regulates cyclin G2 expression and plays an oncogenic role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:161-74. [PMID: 25309979 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA93 (miR-93) is expressed in the miR‑106b-25 cluster, located in intron 13 of the MCM7 gene. Our previous study found that miR-93 was significantly upregulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and cyclin G2 (CCNG2) was a potential target of miR-93 in LSCC. However, the possible functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-93 in LSCC remain unknown. In the present study, we show that the level of CCNG2 protein expression was significantly lower in LSCC cancer tissue than normal tissues. The level of CCNG2 was correlated with clinical stages, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. We further show that the expression level of miR-93 was inversely correlated with CCNG2 expression in clinical specimens. Furthermore, gain-of-function assays revealed that miR-93 promoted cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis rates, induced cell cycle arrest and promoted cell migration and invasion, whereas silencing of miR-93 attenuated these carcinogenic processes. In addition, overexpression of miR-93 in Hep-2 cells could reduce the mRNA and protein levels of CCNG2, whereas silencing of miR-93 in Hep-2 cells significantly increased CCNG2 expression. A luciferase assay verified that miR-93 could bind to the 3' untranslated region of CCNG2. Importantly, ectopic expression of CCNG2 in miR-93 cells rescued the effect of miR-93 on LSCC proliferation. Knockdown of CCNG2 promoted cell proliferation resembling that of miR-93 overexpression. These findings demonstrated that miR-93 promotes tumor growth by directly suppressing CCNG2. Taken together, these results suggested that this newly identified miR-93-CCNG2 axis may be involved in LSCC proliferation and progression. Our findings provide novel potential targets for LSCC therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Pengyu Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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Hasegawa S, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Konno M, Tomimaru Y, Wada H, Hama N, Kawamoto K, Kobayashi S, Nishida N, Koseki J, Nishimura T, Gotoh N, Ohno S, Yabuta N, Nojima H, Mori M, Doki Y, Ishii H. MicroRNA-1246 expression associated with CCNG2-mediated chemoresistance and stemness in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1572-80. [PMID: 25117811 PMCID: PMC4200094 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis because of its high refractoriness to chemotherapy and tumour recurrence, and these properties have been attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates various molecular mechanisms of cancer progression associated with CSCs. This study aimed to identify the candidate miRNA and to characterise the clinical significance. Methods: We established gemcitabine-resistant Panc1 cells, and induced CSC-like properties through sphere formation. Candidate miRNAs were selected through microarray analysis. The overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed by evaluating the in vitro cell growth and in vivo tumourigenicity. The expression was studied in 24 pancreatic cancer samples after laser captured microdissection and by immunohistochemical staining. Results: The in vitro drug sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells was altered according to the miR-1246 expression via CCNG2. In vivo, we found that miR-1246 could increase tumour-initiating potential and induced drug resistance. A high expression level of miR-1246 was correlated with a worse prognosis and CCNG2 expression was significantly lower in those patients. Conclusions: miR-1246 expression was associated with chemoresistance and CSC-like properties via CCNG2, and could predict worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hasegawa
- 1] Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [2] Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Hama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Nishida
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J Koseki
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Nishimura
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Molecular Targets Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - N Gotoh
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Molecular Targets Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - S Ohno
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Yabuta
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Nojima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Ishii
- 1] Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [2] Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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9
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Ramzan Z, Nassri AB, Huerta S. The use of imaging and biomarkers in diagnosing Barrett's esophagus and predicting the risk of neoplastic progression. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:575-91. [PMID: 24831686 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.919856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease can result in transformation of the normal squamous lining of the esophagus into columnar epithelium (with goblet cells). This condition, Barrett's esophagus (BE), is considered a risk factor for esophageal cancer (EAC) and may be the cause of the increased incidence of EAC over the last few decades. Currently, endoscopy with biopsies revealing dysplasia is the best predictor for neoplastic progression in patients with BE. However, the use of more sophisticated imaging techniques and biomarkers with or without histological assessment may be helpful in more accurate prediction of malignant transformation in these patients. New approaches to the evaluation of BE such as epigenetics, miRNA analysis, detection of DNA content abnormalities and loss of heterozygosity have great potential to shed light on the complex gastroesophageal reflux disease -BE-EAC sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ramzan
- VA North Texas Healthcare System - Dallas VA Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 4500 S. Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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