The clinical value of ncRNAs in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Abnormally Expressed lncRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer Risk: A Diagnostic Meta-Bioinformatics Analysis

Background and Aims

Abnormal expression of lncRNAs is relevant to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC), but the significance remains inconclusive. We performed a diagnostic meta-bioinformatics analysis to elucidate the association between lncRNA expression and GC risk.

Methods

Published datasets were selected from PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Web of Science, up to 1st December 2021. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value. RNA sequencing data were downloaded for validation.

Results

54 studies with 4671 patients and 4652 matched controls were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were 0.71, 0.76, 2.9, 0.39, 8, and 0.79, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the DOR and AUC of intergenic lncRNAs, circulating lncRNAs, larger sample size (>200), and high-quality (NOS score ≥ 7) groups were superior to antisense lncRNAs, tissue lncRNAs, smaller sample size (≤200), and low-quality (NOS score < 7) groups, respectively. However, only circulating lncRNAs had significantly higher diagnostic utility than that tissue lncRNAs. Nine differentially expressed lncRNAs in the meta-analysis were verified in TCGA-STAD. PVT1 was the most effective single lncRNA, with AUC of 0.949, SEN of 0.808, and SPE of 0.969, while PVT1 and C5orf66-AS1 were the most effective combination, with AUC of 0.972, SEN of 0.941, and SPE of 0.937.

Conclusion

Abnormally expressed lncRNAs, especially circulating lncRNAs, might be potential diagnostic biomarkers for GC risk. A novel combined model of lncRNAs might achieve better GC diagnosis performance.

LncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 relieved inflammation of ulcerative colitis via sponging miR-16 and miR-195

BACKGROUND

This study was aimed to explore the differential expression of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1-miR-195-5p/miR-16-5p axis in ulcerative colitis (UC) and its role in regulating UC pathogenesis.

METHODS

One hundred and eighty-seven UC patients and one hundred and fifty-two healthy volunteers were recruited, and their blood samples were collected. Inflammatory cytokines in serum were determined with ELISA, and lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1, miR-195-5p and miR-16-5p levels were detected with RT-PCR. Then pcDNA3.1-CDKN2B-AS1, si-CDKN2B-AS1, miR-195-5p mimic, miR-195-5p inhibitor, miR-16-5p mimic and miR-16-5p inhibitor were transfected into HT29 cells, and proliferation and apoptosis of the cells were assessed. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was implemented to identify the sponging relationship between lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 and miR-195-5p/miR-16-5p.

RESULTS

CDKN2B-AS1 level was negatively correlated with levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and sIL-2R, yet miR-16-5p and miR-195-5p levels were negatively correlated with the CDKN2B-AS1 level. The CDKN2B-AS1 combined with miR-16-5p and miR-195-5p also achieved an optimum efficacy in differentiating between light and medium UC, light and severe UC, as well as medium and heavy UC. Furthermore, pcDNA3.1-CDKN2B-AS1 depressed expressions of IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α in HT29 cells (P < 0.05), and strengthened proliferation of the cells (P < 0.05). CDKN2B-AS1 also sponged and regulated miR-16-5p and miR-195-5p in HT29 cells, and miR-16-5p and miR-195-5p could reverse the effect of CDKN2B-AS1 on inflammatory cytokine production, barrier function and apoptosis of HT29 cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

LncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 regulated inflammation of UC by sponging miR-195-5p and miR-16-5p, providing an alternative for diagnosis and treatment of UC.

Long non-coding RNA ERICH3-AS1 is an unfavorable prognostic factor for gastric cancer

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in gastric cancer (GC), but the mechanism is not fully clear. ERICH3-AS1 (ERICH3 antisense RNA1) is affiliated with the non-coding RNA class which has proven to be involved in the prognostic of GC, but the function of ERICH3-AS1 is still unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the potential function of ERICH3-AS1 in the development of GC and analyze the prognostic role of ERICH3-AS1 in GC. We found that the lncRNA ERICH3-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in GC tissues in the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data; the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the higher the expression of ERICH3-AS1 was, the earlier the recurrence and the poorer the prognosis would be in patients. Cox univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that ERICH3-AS1 was a risk factor of disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.05) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.05) of patients. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, it demonstrated that the ERBB pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, the MTOR pathways, p53 pathways and Wnt pathways were differentially enriched in ERICH3-AS1 high expression phenotype. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed that ERICH3-AS1 had significant correlations with apoptosis-related proteins such as BCL2L10 and CASP14; cell cycle-associated proteins CDK14 and invasion and migration-associated proteins such as MMP20, MMP26 and MMP27. In summary, we identified that increased ERICH3-AS1 might be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and independent prognostic factor of GC. Moreover, ERICH3-AS1 might participate in the oncogenesis and development of tumors via cell cycle and apoptosis pathway mediated by ERBB, MAPK, MTOR, p53 and Wnt pathways.

Potential diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma long noncoding RNA LINC00086 and miR-214 expression in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) are common markers which are useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of GC. However, their sensitivity and specificity in GC remain unsatisfactory. Identification of cancer diagnosed-biomarkers would be of great value.

OBJECTIVE

Evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of LINC00086 and miR-214 in GC.

METHODS

In this study, we determined the expression of LINC00086 and miR-214 in GC by qRT-PCR. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between various clinicopathological features of GC patients and LINC00086 or miR-214 expression, and evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of LINC00086 and miR-214 in GC.

RESULTS

In this study, we found that plasma LINC00086 expression was significantly lower, whereas plasma miR-214 expression was significantly higher in GC patients than in normal individuals. LINC00086 and miR-214 exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing GC. Additionally, GC patients with low LINC00086 or high miR-214 expression were likely to have larger tumors, lymphatic metastasis, larger TNM stage, and higher CEA and CA19-9 levels. Moreover, GC patients with low LINC00086 or high miR-214 expression showed lower survival rates. Lymphatic metastasis, LINC00086, and miR-214 are independent factors affecting patient diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

LINC00086 and miR-214 are potentially diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC.

LncRNAs act as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the clinical values, including clinicopathology, prognosis, and diagnosis of different long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A total of 14 eligible studies, including 10 on clinicopathological features, 11 on prognosis, and 3 on diagnosis were identified. Results revealed that metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(MALAT1) expression was associated with tumor stage (odds ratio [OR], 3.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63-7.36; p=0.001). The high expression of MALAT1 could be considered a biomarker of the early detection of lymph node metastasis and predictor of poor survival in RCC patients, who likely manifested short overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR], 2.97; 95% CI, 1.68-5.28; p<0.001). For diagnostic value, the pooled result showed that lncRNA maintained a sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.91 in RCC diagnosis, The area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92-0.96) for lncRNA in RCC diagnosis also indicated a significant advantage over other biomarkers. Our systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that lncRNAs could be considered biomarkers to detect lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in early stages. LncRNAs could function as potential prognostic markers in RCC. LncRNAs could also display high accuracy for RCC diagnosis.

Prognostic and diagnostic significance of lncRNAs expression in cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be abnormally expressed in cervical cancer (CC) and presumably serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers. We thus performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical values of dysregulated lncRNAs in CC. A literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. A total of 22 relevant studies were eligible, including 21 on clinicopathological features, 18 on prognosis, and 4 on diagnosis. For clinicopathological features, HOTAIR expression was positively associated with tumor size (odds ratio [OR]=2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-3.38, P=0.000) and lymph node metastasis (OR=6.04, 95% CI 3.51-10.42, P=0.000). For the prognostic values, up-regulated HOTAIR had an unfavorable impact on overall survival ([OS]; hazard ratio [HR]=1.94, 95%CI 1.17-3.22, P=0.011) and disease-free survival (HR=2.61, 95%CI 1.35-5.05, P=0.004), and high PVT1 expression was correlated with shorter OS (HR=1.66, 95%CI 1.21-2.29, P=0.002). For the diagnostic values, the pooled result showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85, with 85% sensitivity and 81% specificity in discriminating patients with CC from healthy controls. Overall, we conclude that lncRNAs might serve as promising indicators for prognostic and diagnostic evaluation of patients with CC.

ANRIL: a pivotal tumor suppressor long non-coding RNA in human cancers

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a family of non-protein-coding RNAs with length more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs played important roles in many biological processes such as cell development, proliferation, invasion and migration. Deregulation of LncRNAs was found in multiple tumors where they can act as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene. LncRNA ANRIL was identified as an oncogene involved in a number of tumors such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Inhibition of ANRIL suppressed the cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Increasing data has showed that ANRIL may act as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for some tumors. In our review, we summarize an overview of current knowledge concerning the expression and role of ANRIL in various cancers.