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Deiana G, Arghittu A, Dettori M, Castiglia P. One World, One Health: Zoonotic Diseases, Parasitic Diseases, and Infectious Diseases. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:922. [PMID: 38727479 PMCID: PMC11083361 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
When we take into account how the boundaries between human, animal, and environmental health are inextricably linked and increasingly intertwined, it comes as no surprise that the One Health approach has assumed an unprecedented level of importance over the past decade [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Medical Management, Hygiene, Epidemiology and Hospital Infection, University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.D.); (P.C.)
| | - Antonella Arghittu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Marco Dettori
- Medical Management, Hygiene, Epidemiology and Hospital Infection, University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.D.); (P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Medical Management, Hygiene, Epidemiology and Hospital Infection, University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.D.); (P.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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Hong J, Wang L, Gu J, Li Y. Green recovery in the wake of public health emergencies: Policy instruments and their effects in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120408. [PMID: 38402783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have discussed the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years. However, the effectiveness and trade-offs of diverse countermeasures still need to be investigated, particularly under the long-term goal of low-carbon transition, which is crucial for understanding the potential impacts of the future public health emergency (PHE) related economic crisis. Given that China still faces big pressures from the potential PHE and carbon neutrality, this paper assesses the effectiveness of policy instruments in restoring the economy and advancing green development after the PHE using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium framework. Our findings reveal that the PHE imposes more constraints on the economy because of the decrease in productivity on the supply side and in consumption on the demand side. Compared to the other counterparts, the mixed stimulus can overcome the adverse impacts of the PHE while contributing to carbon reduction. Furthermore, all types of low-carbon policies investigated in this study can contribute to carbon reduction at the expense of economic growth. Meanwhile, the carbon tax realizes the target of reducing emissions with the smallest negative impact on economic growth. Thus, we suggest adopting the carbon tax policy as the most effective low-carbon measure to address uncertainties associated with the PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Hong
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jianping Gu
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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Fang R, Yang X, Guo Y, Peng B, Dong R, Li S, Xu S. SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals: Patterns, transmission routes, and drivers. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2024; 3:45-54. [PMID: 38169914 PMCID: PMC10758742 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is more widespread in animals than previously thought, and it may be able to infect a wider range of domestic and wild species. To effectively control the spread of the virus and protect animal health, it is crucial to understand the cross-species transmission mechanisms and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2. This article collects published literature on SARS-CoV-2 in animals and examines the distribution, transmission routes, biophysical, and anthropogenic drivers of infected animals. The reported cases of infection in animals are mainly concentrated in South America, North America, and Europe, and species affected include lions, white-tailed deer, pangolins, minks, and cats. Biophysical factors influencing infection of animals with SARS-CoV-2 include environmental determinants, high-risk landscapes, air quality, and susceptibility of different animal species, while anthropogenic factors comprise human behavior, intensive livestock farming, animal markets, and land management. Due to current research gaps and surveillance capacity shortcomings, future mitigation strategies need to be designed from a One Health perspective, with research focused on key regions with significant data gaps in Asia and Africa to understand the drivers, pathways, and spatiotemporal dynamics of interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruying Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingjie Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruixuan Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Pilotto S, Sýkora M, Cackett G, Dulson C, Werner F. Structure of the recombinant RNA polymerase from African Swine Fever Virus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1606. [PMID: 38383525 PMCID: PMC10881513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever Virus is a Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Virus that causes an incurable haemorrhagic fever in pigs with a high impact on global food security. ASFV replicates in the cytoplasm of the infected cell and encodes its own transcription machinery that is independent of cellular factors, however, not much is known about how this system works at a molecular level. Here, we present methods to produce recombinant ASFV RNA polymerase, functional assays to screen for inhibitors, and high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of the ASFV RNAP in different conformational states. The ASFV RNAP bears a striking resemblance to RNAPII with bona fide homologues of nine of its twelve subunits. Key differences include the fusion of the ASFV assembly platform subunits RPB3 and RPB11, and an unusual C-terminal domain of the stalk subunit vRPB7 that is related to the eukaryotic mRNA cap 2´-O-methyltransferase 1. Despite the high degree of structural conservation with cellular RNA polymerases, the ASFV RNAP is resistant to the inhibitors rifampicin and alpha-amanitin. The cryo-EM structures and fully recombinant RNAP system together provide an important tool for the design, development, and screening of antiviral drugs in a low biosafety containment environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pilotto
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Sýkora
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gwenny Cackett
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Dulson
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Finn Werner
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Wang Y, Deng H, Gao S, Li T, Wang F. A Fresh Perspective on Examining Population Emotional Well-Being Trends by Internet Search Engine: An Emerging Composite Anxiety and Depression Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:202. [PMID: 38397692 PMCID: PMC10888063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Traditional assessments of anxiety and depression face challenges and difficulties when it comes to understanding trends in-group psychological characteristics. As people become more accustomed to expressing their opinions online, location-based online media and cutting-edge algorithms offer new opportunities to identify associations between group sentiment and economic- or healthcare-related variables. Our research provides a novel approach to analyzing emotional well-being trends in a population by focusing on retrieving online information. We used emotionally enriched texts on social media to build the Public Opinion Dictionary (POD). Then, combining POD with the word vector model and search trend, we developed the Composite Anxiety and Depression Index (CADI), which can reflect the mental health level of a region during a specific time period. We utilized the representative external data by CHARLS to validate the effectiveness of CADI, indicating that CADI can serve as a representative indicator of the prevalence of mental disorders. Regression and subgroup analysis are employed to further elucidate the association between public mental health (measured by CADI) with economic development and medical burden. The results of comprehensive regression analysis show that the Import-Export index (-16.272, p < 0.001) and average cost of patients (4.412, p < 0.001) were significantly negatively associated with the CADI, and the sub-models stratificated by GDP showed the same situation. Disposable income (-28.389, p < 0.001) became significant in the subgroup with lower GDP, while the rate of unemployment (2.399, p < 0.001) became significant in the higher subgroup. Our findings suggest that an unfavorable economic development or unbearable medical burden will increase the negative mental health of the public, which was consistent across both the full and subgroup models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (H.D.); (S.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Heming Deng
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (H.D.); (S.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Sunan Gao
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (H.D.); (S.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Tongxu Li
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (H.D.); (S.G.); (T.L.)
| | - Feifei Wang
- Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (H.D.); (S.G.); (T.L.)
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Karmacharya D, Herrero-García G, Luitel B, Rajbhandari R, Balseiro A. Shared infections at the wildlife-livestock interface and their impact on public health, economy, and biodiversity. Anim Front 2024; 14:20-29. [PMID: 38369992 PMCID: PMC10873012 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dibesh Karmacharya
- One Health Division, Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal
- One Health Division, BIOVAC Nepal, 45210 Nala, Nepal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gloria Herrero-García
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Bibhu Luitel
- One Health Division, BIOVAC Nepal, 45210 Nala, Nepal
| | - Rajesh Rajbhandari
- One Health Division, Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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Zhao Y, Xie L, Wang C, Zhou Q, Jelsbak L. Comparative whole-genome analysis of China and global epidemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clones. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:149-158. [PMID: 37709140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The various sequence types (STs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) high-risk clones (HiRiCs) have been sporadically reported in China, but the systematic analysis of genomes for these STs remains limited. This study aimed to address the evolutionary pathways underlying the emergence of HiRiCs and their routes of dissemination from Chinese and global perspectives. METHODS The phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 416 newly sequenced clinical P. aeruginosa strains from Guangdong (GD), published genome sequences of 282 Chinese isolates, and 868 HiRiCs isolates from other countries. The genomic comparison study of global HiRiC ST244 was conducted to detect the model of global dissemination and local separation driven by association regional-specific antibiotic resistance genes. Furthermore, the evolutionary route of the emerging, China-specific HiRiC ST1971 was explored using Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) analysis. RESULTS Based on comparative genomics analysis, we found a clear geographical separation of ST244 isolates, yet with an association between ST244 isolates from GD and America. We identified a set of 38 AMR genes that contribute to the geographical separation in ST244, and we identified genetic determinants either positively (MexB) and negatively (opmD) associated with GD ST244. For the China-unique HiRiC ST1971, its evolutionary history across different continents before emerging as ST1971 in China was also deduced. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the specific genetics underlying regional differences among globally disseminated P. aeruginosa HiRiCs (ST244) as well as new understanding of the dissemination and evolution of a regional HiRiC (ST1971). Understanding the genetics of these and other HiRiCs may assist in controlling their emergence and further spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lu Xie
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chongzhi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lars Jelsbak
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Li Y, Tang C, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang G, Peng R, Huang Y, Hu X, Xin H, Feng B, Cao X, He Y, Guo T, He Y, Su H, Cui X, Niu L, Wu Z, Yang J, Yang F, Lu G, Gao L, Jin Q, Xiao M, Yin F, Du J. Diversity and independent evolutionary profiling of rodent-borne viruses in Hainan, a tropical island of China. Virol Sin 2023; 38:651-662. [PMID: 37572844 PMCID: PMC10590688 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of emerging infectious diseases (EID) is increasing globally. More than 60% of EIDs worldwide are caused by animal-borne pathogens. This study aimed to characterize the virome, analyze the phylogenetic evolution, and determine the diversity of rodent-borne viruses in Hainan Province, China. We collected 682 anal and throat samples from rodents, combined them into 28 pools according to their species and location, and processed them for next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The diverse viral contigs closely related to mammals were assigned to 22 viral families. Molecular clues of the important rodent-borne viruses were further identified by polymerase chain reaction for phylogenetic analysis and annotation of genetic characteristics such as arenavirus, coronavirus, astrovirus, pestivirus, parvovirus, and papillomavirus. We identified pestivirus and bocavirus in Leopoldoms edwardsi from Huangjinjiaoling, and bocavirus in Rattus andamanensis from the national nature reserves of Bangxi with low amino acid identity to known pathogens are proposed as the novel species, and their rodent hosts have not been previously reported to carry these viruses. These results expand our knowledge of viral classification and host range and suggest that there are highly diverse, undiscovered viruses that have evolved independently in their unique wildlife hosts in inaccessible areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Chuanning Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Gaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Ruoyan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Henan Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Boxuan Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xuefang Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yongpeng He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Tonglei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yijun He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Haoxiang Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiuji Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Lina Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jian Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Fan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Lei Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Feifei Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 571199, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Jiang Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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Suresh S, Meraj G, Kumar P, Singh D, Khan ID, Gupta A, Yadav TK, Kouser A, Avtar R. Interactions of urbanisation, climate variability, and infectious disease dynamics: insights from the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1226. [PMID: 37725204 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and shifts in land use/land cover (LULC) are critical factors affecting the environmental, societal, and health landscapes, notably influencing the spread of infectious diseases. This study delves into the intricate relationships between climate change, LULC alterations, and the prevalence of vector-borne and waterborne diseases in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India, between 1985 and 2015. The research utilised Landsat-4, Landsat-5, and Landsat-8 data to generate LULC maps, applying the maximum likelihood algorithm to highlight significant transitions over the years. This study revealed that built-up areas have increased by 67%, primarily at the expense of agricultural land, which was reduced by 51%. Temperature and rainfall data were obtained from APHRODITE Water Resources, and with a statistical analysis of the time series data revealed an annual average temperature increase of 1.8 °C and a minor but statistically significant rainfall increase during the study period. Disease data was obtained from multiple national health programmes, revealing an increasing trend in dengue and diarrhoeal diseases over the study period. In particular, dengue cases surged, correlating strongly with the increase in built-up areas and temperature. This research is instrumental for policy decisions in public health, urban planning, and climate change mitigation. Amidst limited research on the interconnections among infectious diseases, climate change, and LULC changes in India, our study serves as a significant precursor for future management strategies in Coimbatore and analogous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Suresh
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Gowhar Meraj
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, 240-0115, Japan
| | - Deepak Singh
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), 457-4 MotoyamaKita-Ku, KamigamoKyoto, 603-8047, Japan
| | - Inam Danish Khan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Army Base Hospital, Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi, 110010, India
| | - Ankita Gupta
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tarun Kumar Yadav
- Centre of Environmental Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India
| | - Asma Kouser
- Department of Economics, Bengaluru City University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560001, India
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ram Avtar
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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Tzeng HY, Ting LJ, Chiu CI, Lin NN, Liao KM, Tu WC. Occurrence and surveillance of Taiwanese bovine arboviruses using hematophagous insects in dairy farms during 2012-2019. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1117-1123. [PMID: 37499051 PMCID: PMC10496439 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Culicoides-borne viruses are an important arbovirus group causing bovine diseases. During 2012-2019, 2,525 pools consisting of 108,937 specimens of vectors were subjected to PCR detection of bovine arbovirus belonging to Orthobunyavirus, Orbivirus, and Ephemerovirus. Twelve virus RNAs, of which 6, that is, Shuni virus, Shamonda virus, and Sathuperi virus in Orthobunyavirus and Sathuvachari virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes 4 and 7 in Orbivirus were detected for the first time in the area. Potential vector species were evaluated by the minimum infection rate, and the population abundance of Culicoides oxystoma, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Anopheles sinensis indicated that they were the main potential vector species in dairy farms in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-You Tzeng
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40225, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Jen Ting
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ing Chiu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40225, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Nung Lin
- Council of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Taipei City 100060, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Min Liao
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40225, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung City 801301, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chun Tu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40225, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung City 801301, Taiwan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
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11
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Isibor PO, Onwaeze OO, Kayode-Edwards II, Agbontaen DO, Ifebem-Ezima IAM, Bilewu O, Onuselogu C, Akinniyi AP, Obafemi YD, Oniha MI. Investigating and combatting the key drivers of viral zoonoses in Africa: an analysis of eight epidemics. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e270857. [PMID: 37531478 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the interplay of factors that result in a viral zoonotic outbreak is difficult, though it is increasingly important. As anthropogenic influences shift the delicate balance of ecosystems, new zoonoses emerge in humans. Sub-Saharan Africa is a notable hotspot for zoonotic disease due to abundant competent mammalian reservoir hosts. Furthermore, poverty, corruption, and an overreliance on natural resources play considerable roles in depleting biological resources, exacerbating the population's susceptibility. Unsurprisingly, viral zoonoses have emerged in Africa, including HIV/AIDS, Ebola, Avian influenza, Lassa fever, Zika, and Monkeypox. These diseases are among the principal causes of death in endemic areas. Though typically distinct in their manifestations, viral zoonoses are connected by underlying, definitive factors. This review summarises vital findings on viral zoonoses in Africa using nine notable case studies as a benchmark for future studies. We discuss the importance of ecological recuperation and protection as a central strategy to control zoonotic diseases. Emphasis was made on moderating key drivers of zoonotic diseases to forestall future pandemics. This is in conjunction with attempts to redirect efforts from reactive to pre-emptive through a multidisciplinary "one health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Isibor
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Onwaeze
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - I I Kayode-Edwards
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - D O Agbontaen
- University of South Wales, Department of Public Health, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - I-A M Ifebem-Ezima
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O Bilewu
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - C Onuselogu
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A P Akinniyi
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Y D Obafemi
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M I Oniha
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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12
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Marie V, Gordon ML. The (Re-)Emergence and Spread of Viral Zoonotic Disease: A Perfect Storm of Human Ingenuity and Stupidity. Viruses 2023; 15:1638. [PMID: 37631981 PMCID: PMC10458268 DOI: 10.3390/v15081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases that are transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans are referred to as zoonotic diseases. Although microbial agents such as bacteria and parasites are linked to zoonotic events, viruses account for a high percentage of zoonotic diseases that have emerged. Worryingly, the 21st century has seen a drastic increase in the emergence and re-emergence of viral zoonotic disease. Even though humans and animals have coexisted for millennia, anthropogenic factors have severely increased interactions between the two populations, thereby increasing the risk of disease spill-over. While drivers such as climate shifts, land exploitation and wildlife trade can directly affect the (re-)emergence of viral zoonotic disease, globalisation, geopolitics and social perceptions can directly facilitate the spread of these (re-)emerging diseases. This opinion paper discusses the "intelligent" nature of viruses and their exploitation of the anthropogenic factors driving the (re-)emergence and spread of viral zoonotic disease in a modernised and connected world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronna Marie
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Analytical Services, Rand Water, Vereeniging 1939, South Africa
| | - Michelle L. Gordon
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
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13
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Díaz-Godínez C, Carrero JC. Extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 prognosis, treatment, and vaccination: an update. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2131-2141. [PMID: 36917275 PMCID: PMC10012322 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The lethality of the COVID 19 pandemic became the trigger for one of the most meteoric races on record in the search for strategies of disease control. Those include development of rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods, therapies to treat severe cases, and development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the latter responsible for the current relative control of the disease. However, the commercially available vaccines are still far from conferring protection against acquiring the infection, so the development of more efficient vaccines that can cut the transmission of the variants of concerns that currently predominate and those that will emerge is a prevailing need. On the other hand, considering that COVID 19 is here to stay, the development of new diagnosis and treatment strategies is also desirable. In this sense, there has recently been a great interest in taking advantage of the benefits offered by extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane structures of nanoscale size that carry information between cells participating in this manner in many physiological homeostatic and pathological processes. The interest has been focused on the fact that EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate, allowing the design of natural nanocarriers that deliver molecules of interest, as well as the information about the pathogens, which can be exploited for the aforementioned purposes. Studies have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces the release of EVs from different sources, including platelets, and that their increase in blood, as well as some of their markers, could be used as a prognosis of disease severity. Likewise, EVs from different sources are being used as the ideal carriers for delivering active molecules and drugs to treat the disease, as well as vaccine antigens. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made in these three years of pandemic regarding the use of EVs for diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. KEY POINTS: • Covid-19 still requires more effective and specific treatments and vaccines. • The use of extracellular vesicles is emerging as an option with multiple advantages. • Association of EVs with COVID 19 and engineered EVs for its control are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), Estado de México, Los Reyes, México
| | - César Díaz-Godínez
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), Estado de México, Los Reyes, México
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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14
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Alexi A, Rosenfeld A, Lazebnik T. A Security Games Inspired Approach for Distributed Control Of Pandemic Spread. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Alexi
- Department of Information Science Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Ariel Rosenfeld
- Department of Information Science Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Teddy Lazebnik
- Department of Cancer Biology Cancer Institute University College London London UK
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15
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Tazerji SS, Nardini R, Safdar M, Shehata AA, Duarte PM. An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:1376. [PMID: 36422627 PMCID: PMC9692567 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Population growth and industrialization have led to a race for greater food and supply productivity. As a result, the occupation and population of forest areas, contact with wildlife and their respective parasites and vectors, the trafficking and consumption of wildlife, the pollution of water sources, and the accumulation of waste occur more frequently. Concurrently, the agricultural and livestock production for human consumption has accelerated, often in a disorderly way, leading to the deforestation of areas that are essential for the planet's climatic and ecological balance. The effects of human actions on other ecosystems such as the marine ecosystem cause equally serious damage, such as the pollution of this habitat, and the reduction of the supply of fish and other animals, causing the coastal population to move to the continent. The sum of these factors leads to an increase in the demands such as housing, basic sanitation, and medical assistance, making these populations underserved and vulnerable to the effects of global warming and to the emergence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. In this article, we discuss the anthropic actions such as climate changes, urbanization, deforestation, the trafficking and eating of wild animals, as well as unsustainable agricultural intensification which are drivers for emerging and re-emerging of zoonotic pathogens such as viral (Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Hendravirus, Nipah virus, rabies, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2), bacterial (leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, and tuberculosis), parasitic (leishmaniasis) and fungal pathogens, which pose a substantial threat to the global community. Finally, we shed light on the urgent demand for the implementation of the One Health concept as a collaborative global approach to raise awareness and educate people about the science behind and the battle against zoonotic pathogens to mitigate the threat for both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Salajegheh Tazerji
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box. 1477893855, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elites Club Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tehran P.O. Box. 1477893855, Iran
| | - Roberto Nardini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
- Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis, 59159 Bönen, Germany
| | - Phelipe Magalhães Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil
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16
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Alexi A, Rosenfeld A, Lazebnik T. The Trade-Off between Airborne Pandemic Control and Energy Consumption Using Air Ventilation Solutions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8594. [PMID: 36433189 PMCID: PMC9694317 DOI: 10.3390/s22228594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Airborne diseases cause high mortality and adverse socioeconomic consequences. Due to urbanization, more people spend more time indoors. According to recent research, air ventilation reduces long-range airborne transmission in indoor settings. However, air ventilation solutions often incur significant energy costs and ecological footprints. The trade-offs between energy consumption and pandemic control indoors have not yet been thoroughly analyzed. In this work, we use advanced sensors to monitor the energy consumption and pandemic control capabilities of an air-conditioning system, a pedestal fan, and an open window in hospital rooms, classrooms, and conference rooms. A simulation of an indoor airborne pandemic spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) is used to analyze the Pareto front. For the three examined room types, the Pareto front consists of all three air ventilation solutions, with some ventilation configurations demonstrating significant inefficiencies. Specifically, air-conditioning is found to be efficient only at a very high energy cost and fans seem to pose a reasonable alternative. To conclude, a more informed ventilation policy can bring about a more desirable compromise between energy consumption and pandemic spread control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Alexi
- Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ariel Rosenfeld
- Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Teddy Lazebnik
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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17
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Ge Y, Wang K, Liu J, Xu L. Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics between 2004 and 2017 and prediction of the changing pattern of other infectious diarrhea (OID) under COVID-19 in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31090. [PMID: 36281122 PMCID: PMC9592137 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The study describes epidemiological features and transmission of other infectious diarrhea (OID) before and during the epidemic of COVID-19 in China, which lays a foundation for OID prevention and control. Incidence rate and mortality data of OID containing detailed epidemiological information such as date, age and region from 2004 to 2017, and total OID case number from 2018 to 2020 were obtained from the Data Center of China's Public Health Science and the National Bureau of Statistics' statistical yearbook. The Joinpoint regression model and Z test was used to analyze, while R language and ArcGIS 10.5 for drawing. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was used to predict the influence of COVID-19 on OID. The OID incidence rate increased from 31.69/10 million in 2004 to 92.42/10 million in 2017, and the mortality rate decreased from 1.82/10,000 to 0.14/10,000. The male to female incidence ratio was 1.39:1 (P < .001). The patients' age showed a decreased trend with age (P < .001). The scattered children devoted the most OID incidence rate. The bimodal distribution of OID incidence was summer peak in northern China, 2 apparent peaks in central and eastern, and winter peak in southern. The autoregressive integrated moving average model predicted 1,406,557 in 2020, comparing the actual OID cases in 2020 to 1,062,277. Affected by the epidemic control measures of COVID-19, the number of OID cases declined by 32.4% (Absolute percentage error = 32.4%). The OID incidence rate in China continuously increased and showed a bimodal distribution in summer and winter with inconspicuous regional characteristics, gender and age susceptibility differences, and occupational differences. Meanwhile, COVID-19 significantly reduced OID incidence in 2020. The discoveries might bring a beneficial effect on OID prevention and control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ge
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * Correspondence: Lingzhong Xu, Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44#, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China (e-mail: )
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18
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Lupu D, Tiganasu R. The implications of globalization on COVID-19 vaccination in Europe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17474. [PMID: 36261454 PMCID: PMC9580415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although globalization has left its mark on economic dynamism, causing conditionalities among various aspects (market openness, production networks, technological and information developments, migratory flows, international cooperation, humanitarian support, etc.), the less pleasant side of it should not be omitted, i.e. the emergence of the framework for the faster diffusion of epidemiological diseases. Thus, with the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its widespread circulation is a serious challenge for the provision of efficient solutions to combat it, especially in countries with fragile health systems, poor institutional quality and lack of resources. In this paper we aim to investigate the implications of globalization on the COVID-19 vaccination of the population. The period under analysis is January 1, 2021-January 1, 2022, using montly data, and the object of our study are 48 European states. To capture the relationship between globalization and the vaccination rate, we applied regression models, including a number of factors that may influence the progress of vaccination. In order to test the robustness of the results, the two-stage least squares (2SLS) regressions was used. The regression models developed underlined that globalization impacts the degree of vaccination. More globalized economies are more competitive in COVID-19 management, and the significance of this effect comes from better interconnection in global markets and easier access to medical discoveries. At the same time, countries with a higher vaccination rate are associated with higher levels of development. Based on the results obtained, we proposed some policy recommendations to increase the propensity to vaccinate, ensure equity in the distribution of vaccines and provide financial support to developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lupu
- grid.8168.70000000419371784Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Boulevard, no.22, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ramona Tiganasu
- grid.8168.70000000419371784Faculty of Law, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Boulevard, no. 19, Iasi, Romania
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19
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Khan I, Han L, BiBi R, Khan H. The role of technological innovations and renewable energy consumption in reducing environmental degradation: evidence from the belt and road initiative countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73085-73099. [PMID: 35616835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Attaining sustainable economic growth has become an important concern for most countries. Countries are accelerating economic growth; however, an increase in economic activities through production raises energy demand and thus leads to high carbon emissions. Innovations might be useful to enhance energy efficiency and acquire renewable energy sources to be used for production and achieve sustainable growth. This study examines the effect of innovation, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emission in the belt and road initiative countries from 1979 to 2019. The study uses OLS, fixed effect, and generalized method of moments for analysis where the results indicate that innovation indicators significantly improve environmental quality; however, innovation proxy by patent application nonresidents increases carbon dioxide emission. The study also found that renewable energy consumption and international trade significantly raise environmental quality, while foreign direct investment and economic growth raise emissions and lead to environmental degradation. The quadratic term of economic growth confirms the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve in the belt and road initiative countries. The findings of this research have significant policy implications for the sample countries regarding environmental quality enrichment through improvement in technological innovation and acquiring renewable energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itbar Khan
- Business School of Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Han
- Business School of Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Robeena BiBi
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hayat Khan
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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20
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Detection of human pathogenic bacteria in rectal DNA samples from Zalophus californianus in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14859. [PMID: 36050340 PMCID: PMC9434536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human intrusions into undisturbed wildlife areas greatly contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases. To minimize the impacts of novel emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) on human health, a comprehensive understanding of the microbial species that reside within wildlife species is required. The Gulf of California (GoC) is an example of an undisturbed ecosystem. However, in recent decades, anthropogenic activities within the GoC have increased. Zalophus californianus has been proposed as the main sentinel species in the GoC; hence, an assessment of sea lion bacterial microbiota may reveal hidden risks for human health. We evaluated the presence of potential human pathogenic bacterial species from the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of wild sea lions through a metabarcoding approach. To comprehensively evaluate this bacterial consortium, we considered the genetic information of six hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA. Potential human pathogenic bacteria were identified down to the species level by integrating the RDP and Pplacer classifier outputs. The combined genetic information from all analyzed regions suggests the presence of at least 44 human pathogenic bacterial species, including Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus anthracis. Therefore, the risks of EIDs from this area should be not underestimated.
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21
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Yu Z, Quddoos MU, Akhtar MH, Sajid Amin M, Razzak L, Tariq M, Khan SAR. Re-examining the nexuses of communicable diseases, environmental performance, and dynamics of sustainable Development in OECD countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65771-65786. [PMID: 35488993 PMCID: PMC9055374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the determinants of communicable diseases (CDs) and nexus of financial development, economic development, and renewable energy consumption to address the issues of ecological footprint level, the impacts of communicable diseases (CDs), and economic growth of the OECD countries throughout 2000-2019. The results from FMOLS and DOLS reveal that the levels of financial development, energy consumption, and trade volume significantly contribute to overcoming the death toll occurring due to CDs. As regards the growth function, the level of trade in the economy is significantly associated with economic growth. The findings reveal that the improvements and developments in the financial sectors and trading activities cause a reduction in the infection cases represented by COVID-19. In contrast, economic growth does have a negative but insignificant impact upon COVID-19. We conclude that sound financial development combined with economic and environmental regulations could be strategically helpful to cope with CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Sajid Amin
- Department of Commerce, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Laeeq Razzak
- School of Economics, Poznan University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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22
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Silva M, Tallman P, Stolow J, Yavinsky R, Fleckman J, Hoffmann K. Learning From the Past: The Role of Social and Behavior Change Programming in Public Health Emergencies. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 10:GHSP-D-22-00026. [PMID: 36041834 PMCID: PMC9426983 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of social and behavior change research/programming in 6 recent epidemics highlight the importance of further integrating such expertise into outbreak response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Silva
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Paula Tallman
- Loyola University Department of Anthropology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeni Stolow
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Julia Fleckman
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kamden Hoffmann
- MOMENTUM Integrated Health Resilience, IMA World Health, Washington, DC, USA
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Cristaldi MA, Catry T, Pottier A, Herbreteau V, Roux E, Jacob P, Previtali MA. Determining the spatial distribution of environmental and socio-economic suitability for human leptospirosis in the face of limited epidemiological data. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:86. [PMID: 35927739 PMCID: PMC9351081 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-01010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is among the leading zoonotic causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Knowledge about spatial patterns of diseases and their underlying processes have the potential to guide intervention efforts. However, leptospirosis is often an underreported and misdiagnosed disease and consequently, spatial patterns of the disease remain unclear. In the absence of accurate epidemiological data in the urban agglomeration of Santa Fe, we used a knowledge-based index and cluster analysis to identify spatial patterns of environmental and socioeconomic suitability for the disease and potential underlying processes that shape them. Methods We geocoded human leptospirosis cases derived from the Argentinian surveillance system during the period 2010 to 2019. Environmental and socioeconomic databases were obtained from satellite images and publicly available platforms on the web. Two sets of human leptospirosis determinants were considered according to the level of their support by the literature and expert knowledge. We used the Zonation algorithm to build a knowledge-based index and a clustering approach to identify distinct potential sets of determinants. Spatial similarity and correlations between index, clusters, and incidence rates were evaluated. Results We were able to geocode 56.36% of the human leptospirosis cases reported in the national epidemiological database. The knowledge-based index showed the suitability for human leptospirosis in the UA Santa Fe increased from downtown areas of the largest cities towards peri-urban and suburban areas. Cluster analysis revealed downtown areas were characterized by higher levels of socioeconomic conditions. Peri-urban and suburban areas encompassed two clusters which differed in terms of environmental determinants. The highest incidence rates overlapped areas with the highest suitability scores, the strength of association was low though (CSc r = 0.21, P < 0.001 and ESc r = 0.19, P < 0.001). Conclusions We present a method to analyze the environmental and socioeconomic suitability for human leptospirosis based on literature and expert knowledge. The methodology can be thought as an evolutive and perfectible scheme as more studies are performed in the area and novel information regarding determinants of the disease become available. Our approach can be a valuable tool for decision-makers since it can serve as a baseline to plan intervention measures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40249-022-01010-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano A Cristaldi
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Thibault Catry
- ESPACE-DEV, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Montpellier, University of French West Indies, University of French Guiana, University of La Reunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Auréa Pottier
- ESPACE-DEV, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Montpellier, University of French West Indies, University of French Guiana, University of La Reunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Herbreteau
- ESPACE-DEV, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Montpellier, University of French West Indies, University of French Guiana, University of La Reunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- ESPACE-DEV, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Montpellier, University of French West Indies, University of French Guiana, University of La Reunion, Montpellier, France.,Sentinela International Joint Laboratory, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Brasilia (UnB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Brasília, Brazil.,Sentinela International Joint Laboratory, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Brasilia (UnB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulina Jacob
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) "Dr. E. Coni"/National Administration of Health Institutes (ANLIS "Dr. C.G. Malbrán"), Santa Fe, Argentina.,Leptospirosis Laboratory, College of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Andrea Previtali
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. .,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Textiles Functionalized with Copper Oxides: A Sustainable Option for Prevention of COVID-19. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153066. [PMID: 35956581 PMCID: PMC9370190 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent severe problems in health centers and public areas. Polyester/cotton (PES/CO) blend fabrics have been functionalized with copper oxides on an industrial scale. For functionalization, the impregnation dyeing technique was applied. The functionalized samples were tested virologically against SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus (229E) according to ISO 18184-2019 and microbiologically against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria according to ASTM E2149-2013. The results show that the fabric functionalized with copper oxides inactivated both viruses after 30 min of exposure, presenting excellent virucidal activity against 229E and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Furthermore, its inactivation efficiency for SARS-CoV-2 was 99.93% and 99.96% in 30 min and 60 min exposure, respectively. The fabric inhibited bacterial growth by more than 99% before and after 10 and 20 washes. In conclusion, 265 m of PES/CO fabric (wide 1.7 m) was functionalized in situ on an industrial scale with copper oxide nanoparticles. The functionalized fabric presented virucidal and bactericidal properties against SARS-CoV-2 and Escherichia coli.
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Zhao C, Liu K, Jiang C, Wei X, Song S, Wu X, Wen X, Fu T, Shen L, Shao Z, Li Q. Epidemic characteristics and transmission risk prediction of brucellosis in Xi'an city, Northwest China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:926812. [PMID: 35937257 PMCID: PMC9355750 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.926812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brucellosis (HB) has re-emerged in China since the mid-1990s, and exhibited an apparent geographic expansion shifted from the traditional livestock regions to the inland areas of China. It is often neglected in non-traditional epidemic areas, posing a serious threat to public health in big cities. We carried out a retrospective epidemiological study in Xi'an, the largest city in northwestern China. It utilizes long-term surveillance data on HB during 2008–2021 and investigation data during 2014–2021. A total of 1989 HB cases were reported in Xi'an, consisting of 505 local cases, i.e., those located in Xi'an and 1,484 non-local cases, i.e., those located in other cities. Significantly epidemiological heterogeneity was observed between them, mainly owing to differences in the gender, occupation, diagnostic delays, and reporting institutions. Serological investigations suggested that 59 people and 1,822 animals (sheep, cattle, and cows) tested positive for brucellosis from 2014 to 2021, with the annual average seroprevalence rates were 1.38 and 1.54%, respectively. The annual animal seroprevalence rate was positively correlated with the annual incidence of non-local HB cases. Multivariate boosted regression tree models revealed that gross domestic product, population density, length of township roads, number of farms, and nighttime lights substantially contributed to the spatial distribution of local HB. Approximately 7.84 million people inhabited the potential infection risk zones in Xi'an. Our study highlights the reemergence of HB in non-epidemic areas and provides a baseline for large and medium-sized cities to identify regions, where prevention and control efforts should be prioritized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenghao Jiang
- Department of Geospatial Information Engineering, School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuxuan Song
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xubin Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Geospatial Information Engineering, School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongjun Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Zhongjun Shao
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Li
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Lin F, Wang X, Zhou M. How trade affects pandemics? Evidence from severe acute respiratory syndromes in 2003. THE WORLD ECONOMY 2022; 45:2270-2283. [PMID: 34230758 PMCID: PMC8251059 DOI: 10.1111/twec.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates whether the rapid expansion of international trade after China's WTO entry in 2001 promotes the spread of severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) in 2003. Examining the relationship is helpful to distinguish the hidden costs of trade openness. This paper uses Frankel and Romer (1999, The American Economic Review, 89, 379) framework to construct the geography-based instruments by applying province-country gravity relation for causal identification. Utilising cross-section data of SARS cases of 31 provinces in China, our two-stage least squares regression results show that international trade accelerates the spread of SARS. Cross-country evidence also suggests the causal relation. In addition, we find that the people's inter-provincial mobility driven by trade expansion drives the spread of epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqin Lin
- College of Economics and ManagementAcademy of Global Food Economics and PolicyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- School of EconomicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Mohan Zhou
- School of EconomicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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27
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Zhang T, Li B, Liu Y, Liu S. Risk Factors Associated With Echinococcosis in the General Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:821265. [PMID: 35655451 PMCID: PMC9152270 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.821265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease that imposes a substantial burden on human life. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize available data on the prevalence of human echinococcosis and identify the key risk factors for echinococcosis in the Chinese general population. Methods Relevant studies were comprehensively searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Information (VIP), Wanfang and SinoMed databases until August 22, 2020. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The I2 and Q statistics were calculated to evaluate the heterogeneity, and potential sources of heterogeneity were identified using sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger's test. Results A total of 1026 studies were identified through the database search, of which 26 were eligible for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of AE and CE were 2.88% and 5.66%, respectively. Ethnicity (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.81–4.75; I2 = 0), herdsman occupation (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.25–3.14; I2 = 8.0%), not washing hands before meals (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.34–4.28; I2 = 82.8%) and being female (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26–1.66; I2 = 33.9%) were risk factors for AE. The top five risk factors for CE were ethnicity (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.55–6.52; I2 = 79.2%), nomadism (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.65–4.47; I2 = 55.8%), drinking nonboiled water (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.36–4.47; I2 = 85.7), feeding viscera to dogs (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.89–2.91; I2 = 21.5%), and herdsman occupation (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.67–2.86; I2 = 85.1%). Conclusions This study generalized articles that have contributed to our current understanding of the epidemic of human echinococcosis (AE and CE) in China over the years. The results support that the ethnicity and dog-related factors are major risk factors for both CE and AE. The identification of echinococcosis risk factors may aid researchers and policymakers in improving surveillance and preventive measures aimed at reducing Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shou Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Generic approach for mathematical model of multi-strain pandemics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260683. [PMID: 35482761 PMCID: PMC9049317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-strain pandemics have emerged as a major concern. We introduce a new model for assessing the connection between multi-strain pandemics and mortality rate, basic reproduction number, and maximum infected individuals. The proposed model provides a general mathematical approach for representing multi-strain pandemics, generalizing for an arbitrary number of strains. We show that the proposed model fits well with epidemiological historical world health data over a long time period. From a theoretical point of view, we show that the increasing number of strains increases logarithmically the maximum number of infected individuals and the mean mortality rate. Moreover, the mean basic reproduction number is statistically identical to the single, most aggressive pandemic strain for multi-strain pandemics.
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29
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Qu Z, Sha Y, Xu Q, Li Y. Forecasting New COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Based on an Intelligent Point and Interval System Coupled With Environmental Variables. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.875000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health event. Effective forecasting of COVID-19 outbreak trends is still a complex and challenging issue due to the significant fluctuations and non-stationarity inherent in new COVID-19 cases and deaths. Most previous studies mainly focused on univariate prediction and ignored the uncertainty prediction of COVID-19 pandemic trends, which may lead to insufficient results. Therefore, this study utilized a novel intelligent point and interval multivariate forecasting system that consists of a distribution function analysis module, an intelligent point prediction module, and an interval forecasting module. Aimed at the characteristics of the COVID-19 series, eight hybrid models composed of various distribution functions (DFs) and optimization algorithms were effectively designed in the analysis module to determine the exact distribution of the COVID-19 series. Then, the point prediction module presents a hybrid multivariate model with environmental variables. Finally, interval forecasting was calculated based on DFs and point prediction results to obtain uncertainty information for decision-making. The new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 were collected from three highly-affected countries to conduct an empirical study. Empirical results demonstrated that the proposed system achieved better prediction results than other comparable models and enables the informative and practical quantification of future COVID-19 pandemic trends, which offers more constructive suggestions for governmental administrators and the general public.
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30
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Montiel I, Park J, Husted BW, Velez-Calle A. Tracing the connections between international business and communicable diseases. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES 2022; 53:1785-1804. [PMID: 35345569 PMCID: PMC8942389 DOI: 10.1057/s41267-022-00512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We posit that international business and the emergence and spread of communicable diseases are intrinsically connected. To support our arguments, we first start with a historical timeline that traces the connections between international business and communicable diseases back to the sixth century. Second, following the epidemiology of communicable diseases, we identify two crucial transitions related to international business: the emergence of epidemics within a host country and the shift from epidemics to global pandemics. Third, we highlight international business contextual factors (host country regulatory quality, urbanization, trade barriers, global migration) and multinationals' activities (foreign direct investment, corporate political activity, global supply chain management, international travel) that could accelerate each transition. Finally, building on public health insights, we suggest research implications for business scholars on how to integrate human health challenges into their studies and practical implications for global managers on how to help prevent the emergence and spread of communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Montiel
- Baruch College, Zicklin School of Business, The City University of New York, 55 Lexington Ave at 24th Street, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Junghoon Park
- Baruch College, Zicklin School of Business, The City University of New York, 55 Lexington Ave at 24th Street, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Bryan W. Husted
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, EGADE Business School, Eugenio Garza Lagüera & Rufino Tamayo, Valle Oriente, 66269 San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León Mexico
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31
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Moore HE, Hill B, Siriwardena N, Law G, Thomas C, Gussy M, Spaight R, Tanser F. An exploration of factors characterising unusual spatial clusters of COVID-19 cases in the East Midlands region, UK: A geospatial analysis of ambulance 999 data. LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 2022; 219:104299. [PMID: 34744229 PMCID: PMC8559787 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Complex interactions between physical landscapes and social factors increase vulnerability to emerging infections and their sequelae. Relative vulnerability to severe illness and/or death (VSID) depends on risk and extent of exposure to a virus and underlying health susceptibility. Identifying vulnerable communities and the regions they inhabit in real time is essential for effective rapid response to a new pandemic, such as COVID-19. In the period between first confirmed cases and the introduction of widespread community testing, ambulance records of suspected severe illness from COVID-19 could be used to identify vulnerable communities and regions and rapidly appraise factors that may explain VSID. We analyse the spatial distribution of more than 10,000 suspected severe COVID-19 cases using records of provisional diagnoses made by trained paramedics attending medical emergencies. We identify 13 clusters of severe illness likely related to COVID-19 occurring in the East Midlands of the UK and present an in-depth analysis of those clusters, including urban and rural dynamics, the physical characteristics of landscapes, and socio-economic conditions. Our findings suggest that the dynamics of VSID vary depending on wider geographic location. Vulnerable communities and regions occur in more deprived urban centres as well as more affluent peri-urban and rural areas. This methodology could contribute to the development of a rapid national response to support vulnerable communities during emerging pandemics in real time to save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartholomew Hill
- EDGE Consortium Affiliates, UK
- Loughborourgh University Water Engineering and Development Centre, UK
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Zhang D, Yang Y, Li M, Lu Y, Liu Y, Jiang J, Liu R, Liu J, Huang X, Li G, Qu J. Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 10:155-166. [PMID: 33903827 PMCID: PMC8060651 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention. These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission from animals to humans. Although numerous works have intensively discussed the cross-species and endemic barriers to the occurrence and spread of emerging infectious diseases, both types of barriers play synergistic roles in wildlife habitats. Thus far, there is still a lack of a complete understanding of viral diffusion, migration, and transmission in ecosystems from a macro perspective. In this review, we conceptualize the ecological barrier that represents the combined effects of cross-species and endemic barriers for either the natural or intermediate hosts of viruses. We comprehensively discuss the key influential factors affecting the ecological barrier against viral transmission from virus hosts in their natural habitats into human society, including transmission routes, contact probability, contact frequency, and viral characteristics. Considering the significant impacts of human activities and global industrialization on the strength of the ecological barrier, ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities is critically analyzed for potential mechanisms. Global climate change can trigger and expand the range of emerging infectious diseases, and human disturbances promote higher contact frequency and greater transmission possibility. In addition, globalization drives more transmission routes and produces new high-risk regions in city areas. This review aims to provide a new concept for and comprehensive evidence of the ecological barrier blocking the transmission and spread of emerging infectious diseases. It also offers new insights into potential strategies to protect the ecological barrier and reduce the wide-ranging risks of emerging infectious diseases to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Moonlighting in Rickettsiales: Expanding Virulence Landscape. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7020032. [PMID: 35202227 PMCID: PMC8877226 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The order Rickettsiales includes species that cause a range of human diseases such as human granulocytic anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), human monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia chaffeensis), scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi), epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii), murine typhus (R. typhi), Mediterranean spotted fever (R. conorii), or Rocky Mountain spotted fever (R. rickettsii). These diseases are gaining a new momentum given their resurgence patterns and geographical expansion due to the overall rise in temperature and other human-induced pressure, thereby remaining a major public health concern. As obligate intracellular bacteria, Rickettsiales are characterized by their small genome sizes due to reductive evolution. Many pathogens employ moonlighting/multitasking proteins as virulence factors to interfere with multiple cellular processes, in different compartments, at different times during infection, augmenting their virulence. The utilization of this multitasking phenomenon by Rickettsiales as a strategy to maximize the use of their reduced protein repertoire is an emerging theme. Here, we provide an overview of the role of various moonlighting proteins in the pathogenicity of these species. Despite the challenges that lie ahead to determine the multiple potential faces of every single protein in Rickettsiales, the available examples anticipate this multifunctionality as an essential and intrinsic feature of these obligates and should be integrated into available moonlighting repositories.
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Zhu W, Yang J, Lu S, Jin D, Pu J, Wu S, Luo XL, Liu L, Li Z, Xu J. RNA Virus Diversity in Birds and Small Mammals From Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:780651. [PMID: 35250920 PMCID: PMC8894885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.780651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most emerging and re-emerging viruses causing infectious diseases in humans and domestic animals have originated from wildlife. However, current knowledge of the spectrum of RNA viruses in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China is still limited. Here, we performed metatranscriptomic sequencing on fecal samples from 56 birds and 91 small mammals in Tibet and Qinghai Provinces, China, to delineate their viromes and focused on vertebrate RNA viruses. A total of 184 nearly complete genome RNA viruses belonging to 28 families were identified. Among these, 173 new viruses shared <90% amino acid identity with previously known viral sequences. Several of these viruses, such as those belonging to genera Orthonairovirus and Hepatovirus, could be zoonotic viruses. In addition, host taxonomy and geographical location of these viruses showed new hosts and distribution of several previously discovered viruses. Moreover, 12 invertebrate RNA viruses were identified with <40% amino acid identity to known viruses, indicating that they belong to potentially new taxa. The detection and characterization of RNA viruses from wildlife will broaden our knowledge of virus biodiversity and possible viral diseases in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Wu
- Yushu Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yushu, China
| | - Xue-Lian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Public Heath, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Xu,
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35
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Losch EL, Zanatta CB, Barros GPD, Gaia MCDM, Bricarello PA. Os agrotóxicos no contexto da Saúde Única. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042022e229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A industrialização da agricultura e da pecuária, além de gerar um ambiente propício à disseminação de agentes infecciosos, é responsável pelo uso generalizado de diversas substâncias tóxicas que afetam a saúde humana, animal e ambiental. O objetivo deste estudo foi promover a reflexão sobre o uso de agrotóxicos e medicamentos veterinários como elementos de debate na construção da Saúde Única. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão exploratória literária de artigos, livros e documentos oficiais disponíveis em plataformas de banco de dados. A discussão inclui as problemáticas do uso de substâncias tóxicas em plantas e animais. Aborda, também, como os resíduos oriundos de sua utilização impactam a qualidade de alimentos, ar, solo, água com consequências à saúde humana. Embora essa discussão seja escassa na temática de Saúde Única, é fundamental que, além da participação da sociedade civil organizada, gestores públicos assegurem, por meio de políticas públicas, maior segurança e controle na utilização de substâncias tóxicas na agricultura e na pecuária.
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Ghobadi A, Esmaeili M, Shahmari M. A qualitative study of COVID-19 home quarantine in public. JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_98_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Spencer JNH. A landscape planning agenda for global health security: Learning from the history of HIV/AIDS and pandemic influenza. LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 2021; 216:104242. [PMID: 36536764 PMCID: PMC9754155 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers the role of landscape planning and design in the context of a growing need for research and policy recommendations associated with Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs), of which COVID-19 is the most recent. Beginning with a definition of EIDs and their origins within the context of landscape planning, the paper then argues that planning and design scholars and practitioners should begin by seeing the importance of a "global urban ecosystem" (GUE) comprised of rapidly transforming metropolitan and regional "patches" connected through "corridors" of relatively unregulated global transportation and mobility networks. It then revisits the history of the two prior global pandemics of HIV/AIDS and pandemic influenza to establish the importance of a landscape planning perspective at the intersection of wildlife, livestock, and globally connected human communities. The essay concludes by arguing that this GUE concept can facilitate creative planning and design by adapting concepts established in other patch and corridor networks like urban transit systems to the ongoing risk of future pandemic EIDs.
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Yu D, Li X, Yu J, Shi X, Liu P, Tian P. Whether Urbanization Has Intensified the Spread of Infectious Diseases-Renewed Question by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:699710. [PMID: 34900884 PMCID: PMC8652246 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.699710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has triggered adiscussion of the relationship between urbanization and the spread of infectious diseases. Namely, whether urbanization will exacerbate the spread of infectious diseases. Based on 31 provincial data from 2002 to 2018 in China, the impact of urbanization on the spread of infectious diseases from the dimensions of "population" and "land" is analyzed in this paper by using the GMM (generalized method of moments) model. The empirical study shows that the population increase brought by urbanization does not aggravate the spread of infectious diseases. On the contrary, urban education, employment and entrepreneurship, housing, medical and health care, and other basic public services brought by population urbanization can help reduce the risk of the spread of infectious diseases. The increasing density of buildings caused by land urbanization increases the risk of the spread of infectious diseases. Moreover, the impact of urbanization on the spread of infectious diseases has regional heterogeneity. Therefore, the prevention and control of disease play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Yu
- School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Yu
- School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xunpeng Shi
- Australia-China Relations Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pei Liu
- School of Economics, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pu Tian
- School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Sun W, Zhang C, Wang Y, Bai Y. Vulnerability and Resilience of Urban Traffic to Precipitation in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312342. [PMID: 34886066 PMCID: PMC8657233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of Healthy Cities, introduced by the World Health Organization, demonstrates the value of health for the whole urban system. As one of the most important components of urban systems, transportation plays an important role in Healthy Cities. Many transportation evaluation systems focus on factors such as road networks, parking spaces, transportation speed, accessibility, convenience, and commuting time, while the vulnerability and resilience of urban transportation are rarely evaluated. This study presents the preliminary progress in the evaluation of traffic vulnerability and resilience during precipitation events in 39 Chinese cities. Traffic congestion index data, derived from the Baidu Map Smart Transportation Platform, and rainfall data, derived from NASA's global precipitation measurement, are utilized. Traffic vulnerability index, traffic resilience index, and the corresponding quantitative methods are proposed, and the analysis results are presented. This study is of value in improving the understanding of urban traffic vulnerability and resilience, and in enabling the quantitative evaluation of them in urban health assessment and the Healthy Cities program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (W.S.)
| | - Yufu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (W.S.)
| | - Yixiong Xiao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (W.S.)
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (W.S.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China;
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yuqi Bai
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.B.)
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Stephens PR, Gottdenker N, Schatz AM, Schmidt JP, Drake JM. Characteristics of the 100 largest modern zoonotic disease outbreaks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200535. [PMID: 34538141 PMCID: PMC8450623 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic disease outbreaks are an important threat to human health and numerous drivers have been recognized as contributing to their increasing frequency. Identifying and quantifying relationships between drivers of zoonotic disease outbreaks and outbreak severity is critical to developing targeted zoonotic disease surveillance and outbreak prevention strategies. However, quantitative studies of outbreak drivers on a global scale are lacking. Attributes of countries such as press freedom, surveillance capabilities and latitude also bias global outbreak data. To illustrate these issues, we review the characteristics of the 100 largest outbreaks in a global dataset (n = 4463 bacterial and viral zoonotic outbreaks), and compare them with 200 randomly chosen background controls. Large outbreaks tended to have more drivers than background outbreaks and were related to large-scale environmental and demographic factors such as changes in vector abundance, human population density, unusual weather conditions and water contamination. Pathogens of large outbreaks were more likely to be viral and vector-borne than background outbreaks. Overall, our case study shows that the characteristics of large zoonotic outbreaks with thousands to millions of cases differ consistently from those of more typical outbreaks. We also discuss the limitations of our work, hoping to pave the way for more comprehensive future studies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Stephens
- Odum School of Ecology and Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602 GA, USA
| | - N. Gottdenker
- Odum School of Ecology and Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602 GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602 GA, USA
| | - A. M. Schatz
- Odum School of Ecology and Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602 GA, USA
| | - J. P. Schmidt
- Odum School of Ecology and Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602 GA, USA
| | - John M. Drake
- Odum School of Ecology and Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602 GA, USA
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41
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Dwivedi R, Athe R, Mahesh K, Modem PK. The incubation period of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A tremendous public health threat-Forecasting from publicly available case data in India. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2021; 21:e2619. [PMID: 33786017 PMCID: PMC7995164 DOI: 10.1002/pa.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) a pandemic due to the huge upsurge in the number of reported cases worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic in India has become a public health threat, and if we go by the number of confirmed cases then the situation seems to be a matter of grave concern. According to real-time data, the numbers of confirmed cases are growing exponentially. No doubt, substantial public health interventions both at the national and state levels are implemented immediately by the Government of India; there is a need for improved preparedness plans and mitigation strategies along with accurate forecasting. The present study aims to forecast the COVID-19 outbreak infected cases in India. The data have been obtained from https://www.covid19india.org, https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus, and ICMR reported publicly available information about COVID-19 confirmation cases. We have used the double exponential smoothing method for forecasting the trends in terms of confirmed, active, recovered and death cases from COVID-19 for emergency preparedness and future predictions. Findings reveal that the estimated value of point forecast is just 8.22% of the total number of confirmed cases reported on a daily basis across the country. It was observed that the deaths were lower for the states and union territories with a higher detection rate. It is suggested that by keeping in view the limited healthcare resources in the country, accurate forecasting, early detection, and avoidance of acute care for the majority of infected cases is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinshu Dwivedi
- Indian Institute of Information TechnologyTrichyTamil NaduIndia
| | - Ramesh Athe
- Indian Institute of Information TechnologyDharwadKarnatakaIndia
| | - Kavi Mahesh
- Indian Institute of Information TechnologyDharwadKarnatakaIndia
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42
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Xiang L, Tang M, Yin Z, Zheng M, Lu S. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Growth: Theory and Simulation. Front Public Health 2021; 9:741525. [PMID: 34604164 PMCID: PMC8484314 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.741525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound consequences on world economy. In order to explore the long-term impact of the pandemic on economic growth and the effects of different policy responses, this paper combines economic theory with epidemiological model to construct an interdisciplinary model, in which labor supply is dynamically constrained by pandemic conditions. Analysis of model equilibrium suggests that outbreaks of infectious disease reduce labor supply and negatively affect economic output. The accumulation of health capital can suppress the spread of disease and improve the recovery rate of infected individuals, which will alleviate the labor supply constraint caused by the pandemic and lead to an increase in output and consumption. The model is then calibrated to Chinese economy. The simulation results imply that government's public health policy can enhance the role of health capital in promoting economic growth. But the marginal effect of certain policies is diminishing. Therefore, the government needs to balance pandemic prevention and control costs and marginal benefits when formulating public health policies. When the pandemic is under control, the resumption of production is feasible and the economic stimulus package could lead to economic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Xiang
- School of Finance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Mingli Tang
- School of Finance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichao Yin
- School of Finance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- School of Finance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- School of Finance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
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43
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Who Cares? A Pilot Study of Pandemic Influenza Risk Perception in an Urban Population. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1982-1989. [PMID: 34470693 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of urban population sociodemographic factors and components of pandemic influenza risk perception were studied. METHODS A prospective questionnaire-based study was undertaken between March 14, 2019 and October 18, 2019. A total of 464 questionnaires were distributed to 4 primary medical centers in 2 cities in England and Wales. Persons aged over 16 years presenting to the medical centers were asked to participate. RESULTS A total of 222 questionnaires were completed (return rate 47.8%). Participants were aged 16-84 years, with a median age of 45.5 years. Prevalence of 1 or more chronic diseases was 29.1%. Seasonal flu vaccination within 5 years was reported by 58.9%. Bivariate analyses of chronic disease and influenza vaccination observed a statistically significant association with influenza personal susceptibility expression (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.22 - 0.94) and (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.25 - 0.99) respectively. Multivariate analysis observed a statistically significant association between the presence of chronic disease and low comparative risk expression (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15 - 0.74) (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Respondents identifying as 'healthy' are more likely to express lower risk perception of pandemic influenza. Importantly, this target group is not the usual focus of influenza campaigns and are perhaps more likely to disregard health advice. Factors influencing perceptions of this target group could be an important focus of future pandemic risk perception research.
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44
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Frantzeskaki N, McPhearson T, Kabisch N. Urban sustainability science: prospects for innovations through a system's perspective, relational and transformations' approaches : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Urbanization. AMBIO 2021; 50:1650-1658. [PMID: 33710518 PMCID: PMC8285445 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective, we present how three initial landmark papers on urban sustainability research contributed to the larger sustainability science scholarship and paved the way for the continued development of urban sustainability research. Based on this, we propose three conceptual innovation pathways to trace the progression of urban sustainability science: First, urban sustainability from a system's perspective, meaning that urban sustainability requires integrative solutions to work in the tripled social-ecological-technological system setting. Second, urban sustainability from a (people and place) relational perspective, meaning urban sustainability is a contested and dynamic social-ecological contract of cities. As a governance mission, urban sustainability requires evidence from research that can inform coordinated action to bridge people, places, meanings, visions and ecosystems. Third, urban sustainability from a transformative science perspective, meaning that for urban sustainability to be achieved and progressed, deep transformations are required in systems, relations, policies and governance approaches. Our proposal for the future of urban sustainability science centres on emphasizing the relevance and policy applicability of systems' thinking, value and place thinking and transitions/transformations thinking as fundamental to how knowledge is co-produced by research science, policy and society and becomes actionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Frantzeskaki
- Centre for Urban Transitions, School of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timon McPhearson
- Urban Systems Lab, The New School, New York, NY USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY USA
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadja Kabisch
- Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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45
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Haase D. Continuous integration in urban social-ecological systems science needs to allow for spacing co-existence : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Urbanization. AMBIO 2021; 50:1644-1649. [PMID: 33710517 PMCID: PMC7953368 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization brings benefits and burdens to both humans and nature. Cities are key systems for integrated social-ecological research and the interdisciplinary journal of Ambio has published ground-breaking contributions in this field. This reflection piece identifies and discusses integration of the human and natural spheres in urban social-ecological research using the following foundational papers as important milestones: Folke et al. (1997), Ernstson et al. (2010) and Andersson et al. (2014). These papers each take unique approaches that aim to uncover core properties-processes, structures, and actors-of urban systems and set them into mutual relationship. This piece will end with a forward-looking vision for the coming 50 years of urban sustainability and resilience study in Ambio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Haase
- Department of Geography, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permsoser Street 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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46
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Kim W, Jung TY, Roth S, Um W, Kim C. Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Korea from the Perspective of Governance and Public-Private Partnership. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:777-791. [PMID: 34427063 PMCID: PMC8382722 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.9.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) has established relevant laws and a master plan for infectious disease control and prevention based on their experiences with past epidemics. In addition, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has designed a standard manual for risk management that involves pan-governmental crisis management systems. This national infectious disease management system is constantly being supplemented and developed in face of infectious disease-related crises. In this study, we set out to present directions for infectious disease prevention and flow of management and governance between central and local governments to ensure systematic quarantine activities in the ROK. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, public-private partnerships have been established to collect, provide, process, and disseminate information for effective quarantine. This has enabled the development and rapid approval of test kits, the tracking of cases, and the allocation of appropriate resources for patient treatment. Additionally, the Infectious Disease Control Agency has actively utilized information and communication technology platforms to disclose information necessary in real-time for COVID-19 quarantine and management. Overall, these efforts have played an important role in epidemiological investigations, patient management, and quarantine in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Jung
- Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susann Roth
- Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Woochong Um
- Office of the President, Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea.
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47
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The Impact of Globalization, Energy Use, and Trade on Ecological Footprint in Pakistan: Does Environmental Sustainability Exist? ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14175234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Globalization has contributed to several advances in technology including linking people around the globe and driving us to modern economies. With fast economic growth and industrialization progress, the negative impact of globalization on biodiversity can be easily ignored. Globalization is an undeniable factor in our planetary devastation from pollution to global warming and climate change. The major intention of our recent analysis was to examine the globalization, energy consumption, trade, economic growth, and fuel importation to determine the ecological footprint in Pakistan by taking the annual data variables from 1974–2017. A linear ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) technique with limited information maximum likelihood and linear Gaussian model estimation were utilized to check the variables association. Outcomes show that in the long run, globalization, energy usage, trade, and GDP growth have consistently productive interactions with the ecological footprint, while an examination of fuel importation uncovers an adversative linkage to impacts on the ecological footprint in Pakistan. Similarly, the findings of short-run interactions also reveal that globalization, energy usage, trade, and GDP growth have constructive linkages; however, an examination of fuel importation also uncovers an adversative linkage to impacts on the ecological footprint. The outcomes of limited information maximum likelihood also expose that the variables of globalization, energy usage, trade, and fuel importation have productive linkages, while an examination the GDP growth uncovers an adversative linkage to the ecological footprint. Furthermore, the outcomes of the linear Gaussian model estimation also uncover that globalization and energy usage demonstrate a constructive linkage, while other variables reveal an adverse linkage to the ecological footprint. Environmental pollution is now an emerging issue which causes the climatic variations associated with greenhouse gases emissions. The Pakistani government must adopt new strategies to ensure that CO2 emissions are reduced in order to stimulate economic growth.
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Abstract
The construction of healthy transportation is an important ingredient for promoting the healthy development of cities. The establishment of an urban traffic evaluation mechanism can provide an important basis for the construction of healthy transportation. This study focused on the impact of precipitation on traffic speed and developed an urban traffic vulnerability index. This index reflects the degree of traffic affected by precipitation, which is calculated based on the traffic congestion index under different rainfall intensities. The traffic vulnerability indices of 41 major cities in China under rainfall conditions were evaluated. Based on the above traffic vulnerability indexes, the impact of socioeconomic factors on urban traffic vulnerability was analyzed. The three key findings of this study are as follows: there was a positive correlation between the vulnerability index and the gross domestic product (GDP); the urban population (POP) had a significant impact on the urban traffic vulnerability; and urban car ownership had little impact on traffic vulnerability. Based on these findings, possible measures to improve urban traffic vulnerability are proposed. The construction of an index system provides a basis for enhancing the urban traffic assessment mechanism, promoting the development of urban physical examinations and building healthy transportation and healthy cities.
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49
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Sy KTL, Martinez ME, Rader B, White LF. Socioeconomic Disparities in Subway Use and COVID-19 Outcomes in New York City. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1234-1242. [PMID: 33372209 PMCID: PMC7799254 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Using data from New York City from January 2020 to April 2020, we found an estimated 28-day lag between the onset of reduced subway use and the end of the exponential growth period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 within New York City boroughs. We also conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the associations between human mobility (i.e., subway ridership) on the week of April 11, 2020, sociodemographic factors, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence as of April 26, 2020. Areas with lower median income, a greater percentage of individuals who identify as non-White and/or Hispanic/Latino, a greater percentage of essential workers, and a greater percentage of health-care essential workers had more mobility during the pandemic. When adjusted for the percentage of essential workers, these associations did not remain, suggesting essential work drives human movement in these areas. Increased mobility and all sociodemographic variables (except percentage of people older than 75 years old and percentage of health-care essential workers) were associated with a higher rate of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people, when adjusted for testing effort. Our study demonstrates that the most socially disadvantaged not only are at an increased risk for COVID-19 infection, they lack the privilege to fully engage in social distancing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Therese L Sy
- Correspondence to Karla Therese L. Sy, Department of Epidemiology, Boston
University, 715 Albany Street, The Talbot Building T3E & T4E, Boston MA, 02118
(e-mail: ); or Dr. Micaela E. Martinez, Department of
Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New
York NY 10032 (e-mail: )
| | - Micaela E Martinez
- Correspondence to Karla Therese L. Sy, Department of Epidemiology, Boston
University, 715 Albany Street, The Talbot Building T3E & T4E, Boston MA, 02118
(e-mail: ); or Dr. Micaela E. Martinez, Department of
Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New
York NY 10032 (e-mail: )
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Ayiine-Etigo DA, Amankwah-Amoah J. COVID-19 and Africa's aviation and tourism sectors: A new agenda for the future? TOURISM MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES 2021; 39:100840. [PMID: 36569796 PMCID: PMC9766325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the impact of COVID-19 is inordinately enormous, there remains a lack of attention to the new governance architecture, the African Union High-Level Task Force (AU-HLTF), in Africa's aviation and tourism sectors in its wake, which this paper primarily examines. We foregrounded governance themes of political economy within the African Union High-Level Task Force (AU-HLTF) through secondary data, observing 90 key industry leaders and 10 purposively sampled semi-structured interviews. We found the insignificant priority in tourism restart via LCCs first, the incongruent holistic relationship between the restart of the aviation and tourism sectors. Secondly, the historical-geographical material relationships within the new governance framework. Thirdly, the AU-HLTF intervention is actor-biased towards the aviation sector and rooted in path dependency. A hierarchical-mixed market governing typology we propose by arguing is a steering mechanism of public sector reform that alternatively reboots a balanced path towards sustainability by prioritizing intra-tourism promoted by low-cost carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ania Ayiine-Etigo
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Rd., Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Amankwah-Amoah
- University of Kent, Sail and Colour Loft Kent Business School, Medway ME4 4TE, United Kingdom
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