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Luo M, Luan X, Yang C, Chen X, Yuan S, Cao Y, Zhang J, Xie J, Luo Q, Chen L, Li S, Xiang W, Zhou J. Revisiting the potential of regulated cell death in glioma treatment: a focus on autophagy-dependent cell death, anoikis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, immunogenic cell death, and the crosstalk between them. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1397863. [PMID: 39184045 PMCID: PMC11341384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1397863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary tumors that originate in the central nervous system. The conventional treatment options for gliomas typically encompass surgical resection and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. However, despite aggressive interventions, the median survival for glioma patients is merely about 14.6 months. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity to explore innovative therapeutic strategies for treating glioma. The foundational study of regulated cell death (RCD) can be traced back to Karl Vogt's seminal observations of cellular demise in toads, which were documented in 1842. In the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has systematically classified and delineated various forms and mechanisms of cell death, synthesizing morphological, biochemical, and functional characteristics. Cell death primarily manifests in two forms: accidental cell death (ACD), which is caused by external factors such as physical, chemical, or mechanical disruptions; and RCD, a gene-directed intrinsic process that coordinates an orderly cellular demise in response to both physiological and pathological cues. Advancements in our understanding of RCD have shed light on the manipulation of cell death modulation - either through induction or suppression - as a potentially groundbreaking approach in oncology, holding significant promise. However, obstacles persist at the interface of research and clinical application, with significant impediments encountered in translating to therapeutic modalities. It is increasingly apparent that an integrative examination of the molecular underpinnings of cell death is imperative for advancing the field, particularly within the framework of inter-pathway functional synergy. In this review, we provide an overview of various forms of RCD, including autophagy-dependent cell death, anoikis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis and immunogenic cell death. We summarize the latest advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate RCD in glioma and explore the interconnections between different cell death processes. By comprehending these connections and developing targeted strategies, we have the potential to enhance glioma therapy through manipulation of RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowen Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingzhao Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoge Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Suxin Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Youlin Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaying Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Mongiardi MP, Pallini R, D'Alessandris QG, Levi A, Falchetti ML. Regorafenib and glioblastoma: a literature review of preclinical studies, molecular mechanisms and clinical effectiveness. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e5. [PMID: 38563164 PMCID: PMC11062143 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma IDH wild type (GBM) is a very aggressive brain tumour, characterised by an infiltrative growth pattern and by a prominent neoangiogenesis. Its prognosis is unfortunately dismal, and the median overall survival of GBM patients is short (15 months). Clinical management is based on bulk tumour removal and standard chemoradiation with the alkylating drug temozolomide, but the tumour invariably recurs leading to patient's death. Clinical options for GBM patients remained unaltered for almost two decades until the encouraging results obtained by the phase II REGOMA trial allowed the introduction of the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib as a preferred regimen in relapsed GBM treatment by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) 2020 Guideline. Regorafenib, a sorafenib derivative, targets kinases associated with angiogenesis (VEGFR 1-3), as well as oncogenesis (c-KIT, RET, FGFR) and stromal kinases (FGFR, PDGFR-b). It was already approved for metastatic colorectal cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas. The aim of the present review is to focus on both the molecular and clinical knowledge collected in these first three years of regorafenib use in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Levi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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3
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Hasan U, Chauhan M, Basu SM, R J, Giri J. Overcoming multidrug resistance by reversan and exterminating glioblastoma and glioblastoma stem cells by delivering drug-loaded nanostructure hybrid lipid capsules (nHLCs). Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:342-359. [PMID: 37587289 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is regarded as a highly aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis. There is an increase in the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR), making it a potential target for improving drug responses. Additionally, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) increase resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy and play a major role in cancer relapse. In this study, we targeted P-gp using a small molecule inhibitor, reversan (RV), to inhibit MDR that prolonged the retention of drugs in the cytosolic milieu. To eliminate GBM and GSCs, we have used two well-established anti-cancer drugs, regorafenib (RF) and curcumin (CMN). To improve the pharmacokinetics and decrease systemic delivery of drugs, we developed nanostructure hybrid lipid capsules (nHLCs), where hydrophobic drugs can be loaded in the core, and their physicochemical properties were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Inhibition of MDR by RV has also shown enhanced retention of nHLC in GBM cells. Co-delivery of drug-loaded nHLCs, pre-treated with RV, exhibited superior cytotoxicity in both GBM and GSCs than their individual doses and effectively reduced the size and stemness of tumor spheres and accelerated the rate of apoptosis, suggesting a promising treatment for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Meenakshi Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suparna Mercy Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jayakumar R
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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4
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Frumento D, Grossi G, Falesiedi M, Musumeci F, Carbone A, Schenone S. Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1398. [PMID: 38338677 PMCID: PMC10855061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, many small molecules, usually characterized by heterocyclic scaffolds, have been designed and synthesized as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among them, several compounds have been tested at preclinical and clinical levels to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most common and aggressive type of cancer originating in the brain and has an unfavorable prognosis, with a median survival of 15-16 months and a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Despite recent advances in treating GBM, it represents an incurable disease associated with treatment resistance and high recurrence rates. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological agents to fight this malignancy. In this review, we reported the compounds published in the last five years, which showed promising activity in GBM preclinical models acting as TKIs. We grouped the compounds based on the targeted kinase: first, we reported receptor TKIs and then, cytoplasmic and peculiar kinase inhibitors. For each small molecule, we included the chemical structure, and we schematized the interaction with the target for some representative compounds with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action. Finally, we cited the most relevant clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.F.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.F.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (S.S.)
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Long C, Song Y, Pan Y, Wu C. Identification of molecular subtypes and a risk model based on inflammation-related genes in patients with low grade glioma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22429. [PMID: 38046156 PMCID: PMC10686866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower grade gliomas (LGGs) exhibit invasiveness and heterogeneity as distinguishing features. The outcome of patients with LGG differs greatly. Recently, more and more studies have suggested that infiltrating inflammation cells and inflammation-related genes (IRGs) play an essential role in tumorigenesis, prognosis, and treatment responses. Nevertheless, the role of IRGs in LGG remains unclear. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, we conducted a thorough examination of the predictive significance of IRGs and identified 245 IRGs that correlated with the clinical prognosis of individuals diagnosed with LGG. Based on unsupervised cluster analysis, we identified two inflammation-associated molecular clusters, which presented different tumor immune microenvironments, tumorigenesis scores, and tumor stemness indices. Furthermore, a prognostic risk model including ten prognostic IRGs (ADRB2, CD274, CXCL12, IL12B, NFE2L2, PRF1, SFTPC, TBX21, TNFRSF11B, and TTR) was constructed. The survival analysis indicated that the IRGs risk model independently predicted the prognosis of patients with LGG, which was validated in an independent LGG cohort. Moreover, the risk model significantly correlated with the infiltrative level of immune cells, tumor mutation burden, expression of HLA and immune checkpoint genes, tumorigenesis scores, and tumor stemness indices in LGG. Additionally, we found that our risk model could predict the chemotherapy response of some drugs in patients with LGG. This study may enhance the advancement of personalized therapy and improve outcomes of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ya Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yimin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Changwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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6
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Cheng Y, Yang X, Liang L, Xin H, Dong X, Li W, Li J, Guo X, Li Y, He J, Zhang C, Wang W. Elevated expression of CXCL3 in colon cancer promotes malignant behaviors of tumor cells in an ERK-dependent manner. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1162. [PMID: 38031087 PMCID: PMC10685652 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXC chemokine ligand 3 (CXCL3) is a member of CXC-type chemokine family that is identified as a major regulator in immune and inflammation responses. Recently, numerous evidence indicated that CXCL3 is broadly expressed in various human tumor types, and it is also known to play a critical role in mediating tumor development and progression. However, the expression profile of CXCL3 and the exact molecular mechanism behind the role of CXCL3 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The expression and clinical significance of CXCL3 mRNA and protein in the tissues from COAD patients were estimated using bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry assays. The expression and roles of exogenous administration or overexpression of CXCL3 in HT-29 and SW480 COAD cells were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays. Mechanically, CXCL3-induced malignant behaviors were elucidated using western blotting assay and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERk1/2) inhibitor PD98059. RESULTS The cancer genome atlas (TCGA)-COAD data analysis revealed that CXCL3 mRNA is highly expressed and has high clinical diagnostic accuracy in COAD. Increased expression of CXCL3 mRNA was associated with patient's clinical stage, race, gender, age, histological subtype, nodal mestastasis and tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation status. Similarly, immunohistochemistry assay also exhibited that CXCL3 protein in COAD tissues was significantly up-regulated. Gene expression associated assay implied that CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXC chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) were markedly correlated with CXCL3 in COAD. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that cyclin B1 (CCNB1), mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1 (MAD2L1), H2A family member Z (H2AFZ) and CXCL2 may be the important protein molecules involved in CXCL3-related tumor biology. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis revealed that CXCL3 was mainly enriched in the cell cycle, DNA replication, NOD-like receptors, NOTCH and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) Signal pathways. In vitro, exogenous administration or overexpression of CXCL3 resulted in increased malignant behaviors of HT-29 and SW480 cells, and down-regulation of CXCL3 expression inhibited the malignant behaviors of these tumor cells. In addition, overexpression of CXCL3 affected the expression of genes related to extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, including ERK1/2, p-ERK, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and Cyclin D1. Finally, CXCL3-induced malignant behaviors in HT-29 and SW480 cells were obviously attenuated following treatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059. CONCLUSION CXCL3 is upregulated in COAD and plays a crucial role in the control of malignant behaviors of tumor cells, which indicated its involvement in the pathogenesis of COAD.
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Grants
- Person in charge: Xinyan Yang; has been filed, the number to be issued. Basic scientific research business cost scientific research project of Heilongjiang Provincial Colleges and Universities in 2022
- Person in charge: Xinyan Yang; has been filed, the number to be issued. Basic scientific research business cost scientific research project of Heilongjiang Provincial Colleges and Universities in 2022
- Person in charge: Xinyan Yang; has been filed, the number to be issued. Basic scientific research business cost scientific research project of Heilongjiang Provincial Colleges and Universities in 2022
- Person in charge: Xinyan Yang; has been filed, the number to be issued. Basic scientific research business cost scientific research project of Heilongjiang Provincial Colleges and Universities in 2022
- Person in charge: Xinyan Yang; has been filed, the number to be issued. Basic scientific research business cost scientific research project of Heilongjiang Provincial Colleges and Universities in 2022
- LPHGRD2022-005 Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education
- LPHGRD2022-005 Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education
- LPHGRD2022-005 Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education
- LPHGRD2022-005 Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education
- LPHGRD2022-005 Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education
- LPHGRD2022-005 Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education
- LPHGRD2022-005 Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education
- LPHGRD2022-005 Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education
- 2022J01531 Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province
- 2022J01531 Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin 150088, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lichun Liang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hua Xin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Medical Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Translation Medical Testing and Application Technology Zhangzhou, Zhang Zhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunbin Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Translation Medical Testing and Application Technology Zhangzhou, Zhang Zhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, Heilongjiang, China.
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Chiang CY, Huang MC, Tsai SC, Hsu FT, Liao TL, Yu JH, Lin TH, Huang HH, Liao PA. Humanized PD-1 Knock-in Mice Reveal Nivolumab's Inhibitory Effects on Glioblastoma Tumor Progression In Vivo. In Vivo 2023; 37:1991-2000. [PMID: 37652472 PMCID: PMC10500530 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Immunotherapy has been considered a promising approach for brain tumor treatment since the discovery of the brain lymphatic system. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of brain tumor, is associated with poor prognosis and a lack of effective treatment options. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test the efficacy of human anti-PD-1, we used a humanized PD-1 knock-in mouse to establish an orthotopic GBM-bearing model. RESULTS Nivolumab, a human anti-PD-1, effectively inhibited tumor growth, increased the survival rate of mice, enhanced the accumulation and function of cytotoxic T cells, reduced the accumulation and function of immunosuppressive cells and their related factors, and did not induce tissue damage or biochemical changes. The treatment also induced the accumulation and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, while reducing the accumulation and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and tumor-associated macrophages in the immune microenvironment. CONCLUSION Nivolumab has the potential to be a treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chiang
- Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chu Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chong Tsai
- Institute of Biologics, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jei-Hwa Yu
- Institute of Biologics, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Radiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hua-Hsih Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Pen-An Liao
- Department of Radiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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8
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Shi P, Xu J, Cui H. The Recent Research Progress of NF-κB Signaling on the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, Immune Escape and Drug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10337. [PMID: 37373484 PMCID: PMC10298967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and invasive primary central nervous system tumor in humans, accounting for approximately 45-50% of all primary brain tumors. How to conduct early diagnosis, targeted intervention, and prognostic evaluation of GBM, in order to improve the survival rate of glioblastoma patients, has always been an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of GBM is also needed. Like many other cancers, NF-κB signaling plays a crucial role in tumor growth and therapeutic resistance in GBM. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the high activity of NF-κB in GBM remains to be elucidated. This review aims to identify and summarize the NF-κB signaling involved in the recent pathogenesis of GBM, as well as basic therapy for GBM via NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Shi
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (P.S.); (J.X.)
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (P.S.); (J.X.)
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (P.S.); (J.X.)
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Kundu M, Das S, Nandi S, Dhara D, Mandal M. Magnolol and Temozolomide exhibit a synergistic anti-glioma activity through MGMT inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166782. [PMID: 37286145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the leading chemotherapeutic agent used for glioma therapy due to its good oral absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability. However, its anti-glioma efficacy may be limited due to its adverse effects and resistance development. O6-Methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), an enzyme associated with TMZ resistance, is activated via the NF-κB pathway, which is found to be upregulated in glioma. TMZ also upregulates NF-κB signaling like many other alkylating agents. Magnolol (MGN), a natural anti-cancer agent, has been reported to inhibit NF-κB signaling in multiple myeloma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. MGN has already shown promising results in anti-glioma therapy. However, the synergistic action of TMZ and MGN has not been explored. Therefore, we investigated the effect of TMZ and MGN treatment in glioma and observed their synergistic pro-apoptotic action in both in vitro and in vivo glioma models. To explore the mechanism of this synergistic action, we found that MGN inhibits MGMT enzyme both in vitro and in vivo glioma. Next, we established the link between NF-κB signaling and MGN-induced MGMT inhibition in glioma. MGN inhibits the phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, and its nuclear translocation to block NF-κB pathway activation in glioma. MGN-induced NF-κB inhibition results in the transcriptional inhibition of MGMT in glioma. TMZ and MGN combinatorial treatment also impedes p65 nuclear translocation to inhibit MGMT in glioma. We observed a similar effect of TMZ and MGN treatment in the rodent glioma model. Thus, we concluded that MGN potentiates TMZ-induced apoptosis in glioma by inhibiting NF-κB pathway-mediated MGMT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kundu
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Suvendu Nandi
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Wei X, Tao S, Mao H, Zhu H, Mao L, Pei W, Shi X, Shi Y, Zhang S, Wu Y, Wei K, Wang J, Pang S, Wang W, Chen C, Yang Q. Exosomal lncRNA NEAT1 induces paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer cells and promotes cell migration by targeting miR-133b. Gene 2023; 860:147230. [PMID: 36717039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1) has been associated with the development, metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer (BC). However, the mechanisms underlying NEAT1-induced paclitaxel resistance in the microenvironment of BC remain unclear. In this study, NEAT1 expression was found to be high in paclitaxel-resistant BC cells (SKBR3/PR cells) and exosomes derived from these cells. NEAT1 promoted the migration of BC cells and their resistance to paclitaxel, whereas its downregulation reduced the drug resistance. In addition, downregulation of NEAT1 decreased the migration and proliferation of BC cells by inhibiting the expression of CXCL12 by reducing the adsorption of miR-133b. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-133b reversed the interference of NEAT1 and CXCL12 in paclitaxel resistance, migration and proliferation of BC cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 in a xenograft-bearing mouse model remarkably inhibited cancer progression and improved the response to paclitaxel. Altogether, this study revealed that SKBR3/PR cell-derived exosomal lncRNA NEAT1 can induce paclitaxel resistance and cell migration and growth in the tumour microenvironment of BC and may serve as a new target for the clinical treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Shuang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Huilan Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Lingyu Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Wenhao Pei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Xiuru Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yingxiang Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yulun Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Siyan Pang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Changjie Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Qingling Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
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11
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Kološa K, Žegura B, Štampar M, Filipič M, Novak M. Adverse Toxic Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Non-Target Zebrafish Liver (ZFL) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043894. [PMID: 36835302 PMCID: PMC9965539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been introduced for targeted therapy of various types of malignancies. Due to frequent and increasing use, leading to eventual excretion with body fluids, their residues have been found in hospital and household wastewaters as well as surface water. However, the effects of TKI residues in the environment on aquatic organisms are poorly described. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of five selected TKIs, namely erlotinib (ERL), dasatinib (DAS), nilotinib (NIL), regorafenib (REG), and sorafenib (SOR), using the in vitro zebrafish liver cell (ZFL) model. Cytotoxicity was determined using the MTS assay and propidium iodide (PI) live/dead staining by flow cytometry. DAS, SOR, and REG decreased ZFL cell viability dose- and time-dependently, with DAS being the most cytotoxic TKI studied. ERL and NIL did not affect viability at concentrations up to their maximum solubility; however, NIL was the only TKI that significantly decreased the proportion of PI negative cells as determined by the flow cytometry. Cell cycle progression analyses showed that DAS, ERL, REG, and SOR caused the cell cycle arrest of ZFL cells in the G0/G1 phase, with a concomitant decrease of cells in the S-phase fraction. No data could be obtained for NIL due to severe DNA fragmentation. The genotoxic activity of the investigated TKIs was evaluated using comet and cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assays. The dose-dependent induction of DNA single strand breaks was induced by NIL (≥2 μM), DAS (≥0.006 μM), and REG (≥0.8 μM), with DAS being the most potent. None of the TKIs studied induced micronuclei formation. These results suggest that normal non-target fish liver cells are sensitive to the TKIs studied in a concentration range similar to those previously reported for human cancer cell lines. Although the TKI concentrations that induced adverse effects in exposed ZFL cells are several orders of magnitude higher than those currently expected in the aquatic environment, the observed DNA damage and cell cycle effects suggest that residues of TKIs in the environment may pose a hazard to non-intentionally exposed organisms living in environments contaminated with TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kološa
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Štampar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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HSU LICHO, KUO CHENYU, HSU FEITING, CHANG HSINFENG, OU JINGJIM. Hyperforin Suppresses Oncogenic Kinases and Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. In Vivo 2023; 37:182-189. [PMID: 36593022 PMCID: PMC9843801 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT) are essential for malignant transformation and progression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and can be considered as targets for therapeutic interventions. Hyperforin, an active constituent from Hypericum perforatum, has been reported to inhibit inflammation. However, whether hyperforin may suppress CRC progression via inactivation of JAK/STAT3, ERK or AKT signaling remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human CRC cells were used to identify the treatment efficacy of hyperforin and its underlying mechanisms of action by MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing, and western blotting assays. RESULTS Hyperforin not only induced cytotoxicity, extrinsic/intrinsic apoptosis signaling, but also suppressed the invasion/migration ability of CRC. The phosphorylation of STAT3, JAK1, ERK and AKT was found to be decreased by hyperforin. CONCLUSION Hyperforin inactivates multiple oncogenic kinases and induces apoptosis signaling in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- LI-CHO HSU
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - CHEN-YU KUO
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - FEI-TING HSU
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - HSIN FENG CHANG
- Department of Family Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - JING-JIM OU
- Department of Surgery, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
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13
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Hörnschemeyer J, Kirschstein T, Reichart G, Sasse C, Venus J, Einsle A, Porath K, Linnebacher M, Köhling R, Lange F. Studies on Biological and Molecular Effects of Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors on Human Glioblastoma Cells and Organotypic Brain Slices. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081258. [PMID: 36013437 PMCID: PMC9409734 DOI: 10.3390/life12081258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in several major signaling pathways—including the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR and the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway—could be found. We therefore aimed to investigate the biological and molecular effects of small-molecule kinase inhibitors that may interfere with those pathways. For this purpose, patient-derived glioblastoma cells were challenged with dactolisib, ipatasertib, MK-2206, regorafenib, or trametinib. To determine the effects of the small-molecule kinase inhibitors, assays of cell proliferation and apoptosis and immunoblot analyses were performed. To further investigate the effects of ipatasertib on organotypic brain slices harboring glioblastoma cells, the tumor growth was estimated. In addition, the network activity in brain slices was assessed by electrophysiological field potential recordings. Multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib and both MK-2206 and dactolisib were very effective in all preclinical tumor models, while with respect to trametinib, two cell lines were found to be highly resistant. Only in HROG05 cells, ipatasertib showed anti-tumoral effects in vitro and in organotypic brain slices. Additionally, ipatasertib diminished synchronous network activity in organotypic brain slices. Overall, our data suggest that ipatasertib was only effective in selected tumor models, while especially regorafenib and MK-2206 presented a uniform response pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hörnschemeyer
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gesine Reichart
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christin Sasse
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Venus
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Einsle
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Clinic for General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Falko Lange
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
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