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Kariithi HM, Suarez DL, Davis JF, Dufour-Zavala L, Olivier TL, Williams-Coplin D, Bakre A, Lee CW. Genome Sequencing and Characterization of an Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 VG/GA-like Isolate with a Unique Fusion Cleavage Site Motif. Avian Dis 2023; 67:33-41. [PMID: 37140109 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A complete genome sequence of a VG/GA -like strain of avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) was identified by nontargeted next-generation sequencing of an oropharyngeal swab sample collected from a carcass of a 12-mo-old backyard chicken. The isolate has a fusion (F) protein cleavage site motif consistent with a low virulent AOAV-1, but it has a unique motif with phenylalanine at position 117 (112G-R-Q-G-R↓F117), which is typical for virulent AOAV-1 strains. The one nucleotide difference at the cleavage site compared to other low-virulence viruses made the isolate detectable by F-gene-specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) developed as a diagnostic test to specifically detect virulent strains. The mean death time determined in eggs and intracerebral pathogenicity index determined in chickens classified the isolate as lentogenic. This is the first report of a lentogenic VG/GA-like virus with a phenylalanine residue at position 117 of the F protein cleavage site in the United States. In addition to concern for potential pathogenic shift of the virus through additional changes at the cleavage site, our finding warrants increased awareness of diagnosticians of potential false positive F-gene rRT-PCR tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - James F. Davis
- Georgia Poultry Laboratory Network, Gainesville, GA 30507
| | | | - Tim L. Olivier
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Abhijeet Bakre
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
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Goraichuk IV, Gerilovych A, Bolotin V, Solodiankin O, Dimitrov KM, Rula O, Muzyka N, Mezinov O, Stegniy B, Kolesnyk O, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Miller PJ, Afonso CL, Muzyka D. Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in wild and synanthropic birds in Ukraine between 2006 and 2015. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1026296. [PMID: 36742982 PMCID: PMC9893288 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1026296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus Corvus). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V. Goraichuk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Bolotin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexii Solodiankin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Mezinov
- The F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve “Askania Nova”, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Askania-Nova, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine
| | - Borys Stegniy
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kolesnyk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Patti J. Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Department of Zoology, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine,*Correspondence: Denys Muzyka ✉
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Pathogenesis of Velogenic Genotype VII.1.1 Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken in Egypt via Different Inoculation Routes: Molecular, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123567. [PMID: 34944344 PMCID: PMC8698073 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry. There is scarce information concerning the pathogenicity and genetic characteristics of the circulating velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Egypt. In the present work, NDV was screened from tracheal swabs collected from several broiler chicken farms (N = 12) in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) was used for screening of velogenic and mesogenic NDV strains through targeting F gene fragment amplification, followed by sequencing of the resulting PCR products. The identified strain, namely, NDV-CH-EGYPT-F42-DAKAHLIA-2019, was isolated and titrated in the allantoic cavity of 10 day old specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs), and then their virulence was determined by mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). The pathogenicity of the identified velogenic NDV strain was also assessed in 28 day old chickens using different inoculation routes as follows: intraocular, choanal slit, intranasal routes, and a combination of both intranasal and intraocular routes. In addition, sera were collected 5 and 10 days post inoculation (pi) for the detection of NDV antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition test (HI), and tissue samples from different organs were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. A series of different clinical signs and postmortem lesions were recorded with the various routes. Interestingly, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for NDV nucleoprotein displayed widespread systemic distribution. The intensity of viral nucleoprotein immunolabeling was detected within different cells including the epithelial and endothelium lining, as well as macrophages. The onset, distribution, and severity of the observed lesions were remarkably different between various inoculation routes. Collectively, a time-course comparative pathogenesis study of NDV infection demonstrated the role of different routes in the pathogenicity of NDV. The intranasal challenge was associated with a prominent increase in NDV lesions, whereas the choanal slit route was the route least accompanied by severe NDV pathological findings. Clearly, the present findings might be helpful for implementation of proper vaccination strategies against NDV.
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Rahman AU, Habib M, Shabbir MZ. Adaptation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Feral Birds and their Potential Role in Interspecies Transmission. Open Virol J 2018; 12:52-68. [PMID: 30288195 PMCID: PMC6142666 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901812010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1, avulaviruses), is a notifiable disease throughout the world due to the economic impact on trading restrictions and its embargoes placed in endemic regions. The feral birds including aquatic/migratory birds and other wild birds may act as natural reservoir hosts of ND Viruses (NDVs) and may play a remarkable role in the spread of the virus in environment. In addition, other 19 avulaviruses namely: AAvV 2 to 20, have been potentially recognized from feral avian species. Expalantion: Many previous studies have investigated the field prevailing NDVs to adapt a wide range of susceptible host. Still the available data is not enough to declare the potential role of feral birds in transmission of the virus to poultry and/or other avian birds. In view of the latest evidence related to incidences of AAvVs in susceptible avian species, it is increasingly important to understand the potential of viruses to transmit within the domestic poultry and other avian hosts. Genomic and phylogenomic analysis of several investigations has shown the same (RK/RQRR↓F) motif cleavage site among NDV isolates with same genotypes from domestic poultry and other wild hosts. So, the insight of this, various semi-captive/free-ranging wild avian species could play a vital role in the dissemination of the virus, which is an important consideration to control the disease outbreaks. Insufficient data on AAvV 1 transmission from wild birds to poultry and vice versa is the main constraint to understand about its molecular biology and genomic potential to cause infection in all susceptible hosts. Conclusion: The current review details the pertinent features of several historical and contemporary aspects of NDVs and the vital role of feral birds in its molecular epidemiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz-Ul- Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Momena Habib
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
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Das M, Kumar S. Evidence of independent evolution of genotype XIII Newcastle disease viruses in India. Arch Virol 2016; 162:997-1007. [PMID: 28035479 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in India through the decades, there has been little genetic characterisation of the virulent strains circulating in Northeast India. In 2014, a poultry farm in the Kamrup district of Assam reported an ND outbreak. In this study, genetic analysis and clinicopathological tests showed the virulent nature of the isolate Kamrup. Based on prudent classification criteria, the virulent strain Kamrup was found to be most closely related to members of genotype XIII of class II NDV. A phylogenetic analysis of NDV strains suggested three sub-genotypes: XIIIa, XIIIb and XIIIc. NDV strain Kamrup belonged to sub-genotype XIIIc. Sub-genotype XIIIc isolates were similar to the 1982 isolate from cockatoo and appeared to have evolved parallel to the preceding genotype XIII viruses circulating in India. The high genetic diversity and frequency of mutations observed in the envelope glycoproteins of strain Kamrup demonstrate the evolution of the pandemic genotype XIII NDV in India, which further undermines and complicates of NDV management in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushumee Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Khorajiya JH, Pandey S, Ghodasara PD, Joshi BP, Prajapati KS, Ghodasara DJ, Mathakiya RA. Patho-epidemiological study on Genotype-XIII Newcastle disease virus infection in commercial vaccinated layer farms. Vet World 2015; 8:372-81. [PMID: 27047100 PMCID: PMC4774846 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.372-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present research work was carried out to study the patho-epidemiological aspects of Genotype-XIII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in commercial layer in and around Anand, Gujarat. As the outbreaks have reported in vaccinated flocks, it was felt necessary to study the disease with respect to its changing pathogenicity and relevant aspects. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of patho-epidemiology of Newcastle disease (ND) by information collected from different layer farms suffering from the disease in relation to incidence pattern and mortality, duration of mortality, susceptible age, and loss due to production performance. Clinical signs were recorded based on observations. During post-mortem, gross lesions were also recorded. For histopathological examination visceral organs according to lesions were collected in 10% formalin and processed slide stained by hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic examination. Cultivation of virus was done in embryonated specific pathogen-free (SPF) eggs of 9-11 days and isolation of virus was done for haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and to identify pathotype of virus by intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) test to determine the virulence of virus. The Genotype-XIII NDV was confirmed by F gene sequence and whole genome sequence. Results: During the study mortality due to ND was recorded in 13 layer flocks in spite of routine vaccination, which usually contain Genotype-II strain of virus. The mortality was observed as high as above 50% with an average of 21.21%. The susceptible age for disease was found to be 6-14 weeks. The duration of mortality observed was 23 days. The disease resulted in a significant reduction in body weight, feed intake and drop in egg production. Majority of the outbreaks appeared during extremely hot months of April to June. Greenish diarrhoea was frequently seen in birds that survived early in infection. Mortality continued for 2-3 weeks and reduced with appearance of torticollis. Gross lesions were characterized by multifocal to diffuse hemorrhages around proventricular glands, necrotic (diphtheritic) haemorrhagic ulcers throughout the intestine, disseminated multiple foci of necrosis and pin-point hemorrhages in the spleen parenchyma. The microscopic lesions include focal to diffuse hemorrhages, diffuse infiltration of mononuclear cells, necrosis, and degeneration in visceral organs. All the 13 farm samples (n=13) resulted in death of all the embryos following incubation up to 72 h post-inoculation. All the 13 allantois fluids from field samples along with F and R2B vaccine sample were found positive for HA activity, which was further confirmed by HI using known NDV serum. The values of ICPI were 2.0 which were indicative of velogenic nature of the field NDV strain. Conclusion: The study indicated that presently available live and attenuated vaccines which include Genotype-II NDV have failed in protecting the flocks against Genotype-XIII and resulted in outbreaks with mortality above 50%. ICPI score of 2.0 confirmed that the present outbreaks were due to Genotype-XIII NDV, which is velogenic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Khorajiya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat - 388 001, India
| | - Sunanda Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat - 388 001, India
| | - Priya D Ghodasara
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat - 388 001, India
| | - B P Joshi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat - 388 001, India
| | - K S Prajapati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat - 388 001, India
| | - D J Ghodasara
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat - 388 001, India
| | - R A Mathakiya
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat - 388 001, India
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Jakhesara SJ, Prasad VVSP, Pal JK, Jhala MK, Prajapati KS, Joshi CG. Pathotypic and Sequence Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses from Vaccinated Chickens Reveals Circulation of Genotype II, IV and XIII and in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:523-39. [PMID: 25406096 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious disease which continuously haunts the global poultry industry. The nature and molecular epidemiology of NDVs prevalent in recent outbreaks in India is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize NDVs prevalent in vaccinated flocks in India using whole-genome sequencing and biological pathotyping. Twelve field isolates were collected from outbreaks which occurred in different parts of India and characterized as velogenic based on their intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and amino acid sequence at the F protein cleavage site. All 12 of the field isolates and five commonly used vaccine strains were selected for whole-genome sequencing using Ion Torrent PGM technology, yielding complete genome sequences for ten field isolates and all vaccine strains. The genome of all isolates was found to be 15 192 nt long with a high level of conservation across multiple genomic features with APMV-I viruses. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary distance calculations placed the isolates in genotypes II, IV and XIII. Revisiting other recently reported strains provided preliminary evidence of genotypes VI, VII and XVIII circulating in India. Comparison between the field and vaccine virus sequences revealed unique genomic and amino acid differences in important antigenic regions of the F and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes which can be targeted for site directed mutagenesis to evaluate the impact of these substitutions on virus pathogenicity. This study highlights the requirement to evaluate current vaccines through systematic protection assays to determine protection efficacy against field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Jakhesara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | | | - J K Pal
- Hester Biosciences Limited, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - M K Jhala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - K S Prajapati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - C G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Khulape SA, Gaikwad SS, Chellappa MM, Mishra BP, Dey S. Genetic characterization and pathogenicity assessment of Newcastle disease virus isolated from wild peacock. Virus Genes 2014; 49:449-55. [PMID: 25260553 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The continued spread and occurrence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has posed potential threat to domestic poultry industry around the globe. Mainly, wild avian species has always been implicated for the natural reservoir for virus and spread of the disease. In the present study, we report the isolation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV/Peacock/India/2012) in necropsy brain tissue sample of wild peacock from North India. Complete genome of the virus was found to be 15,186 nucleotides (nts) with six genes in order of 3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5', which was limited by 55-nts leader region at the 3' end and a 114-nts trailer sequence at 5' end. Sequence analysis of fusion protein revealed the dibasic amino acid cleavage site (112)R-R-Q-K-R-F(117), a characteristic motif of virulent virus. Phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate in genotype II of Newcastle disease virus showing the lowest mean percent divergence (6 %) with other genotype II counterparts. The isolate was characterized as mesogenic (intermediate pathotype) based on the mean death time (63 h) in embryonated chicken eggs and the intra-cerebral pathogenicity index (1.40) in day-old chicks. The report emphasizes the dynamic ecology of NDV strains circulating in a wild avian host during the outbreak of 2012 in North India. Further the genotypic and pathotypical characterizations of the isolate could help in development of homologous vaccine against NDV strain circulating in avian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar A Khulape
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Newcastle Disease Virus from a Coturnix coturnix japonica (Japanese Quail) Covey in India. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:genomeA.00374-14. [PMID: 24831141 PMCID: PMC4022805 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00374-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genome of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from a Japanese quail in 2003 is reported here. The genome is 15,192 nucleotides (nt) long, as found in the recent genotypes, and grouped as genotype VIIb, with a 6-nt insertion. This is the first report on the sequence of a genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from India.
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Detection and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus in peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in Haryana State, India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:380-5. [PMID: 24426301 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to investigate the cause of deaths of peafowls in Haryana State. In total, 145 birds were sick and 28 birds were reported dead during July to September 2012. Some of the sick birds were showing signs of shaking of heads, torticollis and paresis. Blood and cloacal swab samples from sick birds along with brain and intestinal tissues from dead birds were collected for further investigation. Although post-mortem examination showed no typical lesions of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) yet raised HI tires against NDV in some serum samples and clinical signs indicated the presence of NDV. One of the brain tissues (NDV/IND2012/01) from the field case was processed and adapted to Vero cell line for virus isolation. The fusion (F) gene based nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR) confirmed the presence of NDV in all field samples and cell culture isolate. Sequencing of the partial F gene amplicons (216 bp) using the PCR primers as sequencing primers confirmed the PCR results. The deduced amino acid sequences of partial F gene were found to have the amino acid motif (111)GRRQKR/F(117) in the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS). This amino acid motif is indicative of the velogenic nature of these NDVs. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the virus belonged to class II genotype VII very closely related to virus isolates originated from outbreaks in Western Europe, Israel, Indonesia, Taiwan and India. Phylogenetic grouping of the virus and sequence of FPCS is indicative of pathogenic potential of virus strain circulating in peacocks in Haryana.
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Tirumurugaan KG, Kapgate S, Vinupriya MK, Vijayarani K, Kumanan K, Elankumaran S. Genotypic and pathotypic characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from India. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28414. [PMID: 22174801 PMCID: PMC3235129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in most parts of the world. The susceptibility of a wide variety of avian species coupled with synanthropic bird reservoirs has contributed to the vast genomic diversity of this virus as well as diagnostic failures. Since the first panzootic in 1926, Newcastle disease (ND) became enzootic in India with recurrent outbreaks in multiple avian species. The genetic characteristics of circulating strains in India, however, are largely unknown. To understand the nature of NDV genotypes in India, we characterized two representative strains isolated 13 years apart from a chicken and a pigeon by complete genome sequence analysis and pathotyping. The viruses were characterized as velogenic by pathogenicity indices devised to distinguish these strains. The genome length was 15,186 nucleotides (nt) and consisted of six non-overlapping genes, with conserved and complementary 3′ leader and 5′ trailer regions, conserved gene starts, gene stops, and intergenic sequences similar to those in avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1) strains. Matrix gene sequence analysis grouped the pigeon isolate with APMV-1 strains. Phylogeny based on the fusion (F), and hemagglutinin (HN) genes and complete genome sequence grouped these viruses into genotype IV. Genotype IV strains are considered to have “died out” after the first panzootic (1926–1960) of ND. But, our results suggest that there is persistence of genotype IV strains in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaswamy G. Tirumurugaan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Sunil Kapgate
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Manavalan K. Vinupriya
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Kumanan Vijayarani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Kathaperumal Kumanan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Subbiah Elankumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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