1
|
Padilha DMH, Mendes MCS, Takahashi MES, Lascala F, Silveira MN, Pozzuto L, Carrilho LAO, Guerra LD, Moreira RCL, Branbilla SR, Ramos CD, Carvalheira JBC. Subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity: An emerging risk factor for severe COVID-19. Nutrition 2024; 128:112561. [PMID: 39277984 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue radiodensity and metabolic activity may influence COVID-19 outcomes. This study evaluated the association between adipose tissue characteristics and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS Two retrospective cohorts of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity (SATR) and visceral adipose tissue radiodensity were assessed by computed tomography. Fluorine-18-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography measured adipose tissue metabolic activity. Associations with mortality, length of stay, ventilation requirement, and complications were examined using regression analyses. RESULTS High SATR was independently associated with increased mortality risk (OR: 2.70; P = 0.033), longer hospitalization (P < 0.001), higher rates of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.007), and complications: acute kidney injury (P = 0.001), secondary infection (P = 0.007), shock (P = 0.010), and pulmonary embolism (P = 0.011). SATR positively correlated with SAT glucose uptake (ρ = 0.52) and negatively with leptin levels (ρ = -0.48). CONCLUSIONS Elevated SATR at COVID-19 diagnosis predicts disease severity and worse outcomes. SATR is a potential prognostic biomarker for acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M H Padilha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil; Nestlé Health Science, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria C S Mendes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Maria E S Takahashi
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Lascala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Marina N Silveira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Pozzuto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa A O Carrilho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia D Guerra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella C L Moreira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Branbilla
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Darío Ramos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - José B C Carvalheira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology and Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kounatidis D, Vallianou NG, Stratigou T, Voukali M, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. The Kidney in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00583-y. [PMID: 39141201 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain a public health issue, we aim to elaborate on their complex relationship regarding pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic potential as well. The purpose of this review is to enhance our understanding of the interplay between obesity and CKD in order to timely diagnose and treat obesity-related CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and CKD pose significant intertwined challenges to global health, affecting a substantial portion of the population worldwide. Obesity is recognized as an independent risk factor, intricately contributing to CKD pathogenesis through mechanisms such as lipotoxicity, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Recent evidence highlights additional factors including hemodynamic changes and intestinal dysbiosis that exacerbate kidney dysfunction in obese individuals, leading to histologic alterations known as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic strategies of obesity-related kidney disease. Furthermore, it explores mechanistic insights to delineate current therapeutic approaches, future directions for managing this condition and controversies. By elucidating the multifaceted interactions between obesity and kidney health, this review aims to inform clinical practice and stimulate further research to address this global health epidemic effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kounatidis
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, European and National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Disorders, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Voukali
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yin L, Yan C, Guo W, Yang C, Dong H, Zhang Y, Xu S, Zeng M. Correlation between clinical characteristics and epicardial adipose tissue features in acute myocarditis patients using coronary computed tomography (CT) vascular imaging: a case-control study with retrospective data collection. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:5072-5083. [PMID: 39022264 PMCID: PMC11250336 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is unique type of visceral adipose tissue, sharing the same microcirculation with myocardium. This study aimed to assess the imaging features of EAT in patients with acute myocarditis (AM) and explore the relationships with clinical characteristics. Methods For this retrospective case-control study, totally 38 AM patients and 52 controls were screened retrospectively from January 2019 to December 2022, and the EAT volume was measured from coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography imaging. Histogram analysis was performed to calculate parameters like the mean, standard deviation, interquartile range and percentiles of EAT attenuation. Whether EAT features change was assessed when clinical characteristics including symptoms, T wave abnormalities, pericardial effusion (PE), impairment of systolic function, and the need for intensive care presented. Results The EAT volume (75.2±22.8 mL) and mean EAT attenuation [-75.8±4.4 Hounsfield units (HU)] of the AM group was significantly larger than the control group (64.7±26.0 mL, P=0.049; -77.9±5.0 HU, P=0.044). Among the clinical characteristics, only the presence of PE was associated with changes in EAT features. Patients with PE showed significantly changes in EAT attenuation including mean attenuation [analysis of variance (ANOVA) P=0.001] and quantitative histogram parameters. The mean attenuation of patients with PE (-71.9±4.0 HU) was significantly larger than controls (-77.9±5.0 HU, Bonferroni corrected P<0.001) and patients without PE (-77.4±3.5 HU, Bonferroni corrected P=0.003). Observed in histogram, the overall increase in EAT attenuation could lead to decrease in EAT volume, which resulted in no statistically significant difference in EAT volume between the AM patients with PE and controls (64.7±26.0 vs. 72.2±28.3 mL, Bonferroni corrected P>0.99). Conclusions Compared to controls, EAT volume was significantly larger in AM, and EAT attenuation increased notably in the presence of PE. We recommend evaluating EAT volume and attenuation simultaneously when quantifying EAT using CT attenuation thresholds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekang Yin
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Radiology, First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Concincion S, van Houtum L, Verhoeff A, Dedding C. Bored, afraid, alone: What can we learn from children with paediatric obesity about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for future pandemics, care practices and policies? J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:162-171. [PMID: 38522210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to gain insight into the perspectives of children with paediatric obesity themselves, during the pandemic and afterwards, regarding their wellbeing and health, and to solicit their advice on tailoring obesity care to match their daily realities. DESIGN AND METHODS We used a 'draw, write and tell' interview technique, conducted walk-alongs, participant observations and a group session with children with paediatric obesity from seldom-heard communities in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Children reported that during lockdowns they were confined to the house, causing them to feel bored and alone. This triggered them to fall into previous unhealthy patterns, such as an increase in sitting on the couch or lying in bed, gaming or watching TV, feeling hungry a lot and eating more. Some children experienced major events, such as mourning the death of a loved one or taking care of other family members, and thus felt they had to grow up fast. CONCLUSION Our study adds to our understanding of the mechanisms of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of children with paediatric obesity from seldom-heard communities and emphasizes the importance of considering how the pandemic (and related measures) affected the daily - as well as future - lives of children in vulnerable circumstances. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The recommendations children gave could be explored as pathways for more child-centred, successful and tailored obesity care practices and policies in order to support their (mental) wellbeing and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siegnella Concincion
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Youth Health Care Department (JGZ) of the Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, Postbus 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lieke van Houtum
- Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, Postbus 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Arnoud Verhoeff
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sarphati Amsterdam, Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, Postbus 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Christine Dedding
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities (ERH), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Emiroglu C, Dicle M, Yesiloglu C, Gorpelioglu S, Aypak C. Association between newly diagnosed hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus, atherogenic index of plasma and obesity in post-COVID-19 syndrome patients. Endocrine 2024; 84:470-480. [PMID: 38001321 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic represents a great global concern and its associated morbidities. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of newly diagnosed hyperglycemia and diabetes among COVID-19 survivors and to evaluate whether obesity and lipid profile have an effect on this group using the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). METHODS In the retrospective study, 511 adults with a previously diagnosed "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" who admitted to COVID-19 follow-up outpatient clinic were evaluated. Data was collected on patient demographics, comorbidities, and some laboratory results. Logistic regression was used to estimate associated factors. RESULTS Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was defined in 17 patients (3.32%), hyperglycemia in 86 patients (16.82%). The results of analysis were examined, gender, age, BMI and triglyceride variables were found to be significant risk factors together. Fasting blood glucose values of 22 out of 86 patients with hyperglycemia returned to normal after six months of follow-up. Undiagnosed-preexisting DM in 4 out of 17 patients diagnosed with T2DM at their first visit and in 7 out of 8 hyperglycemia patients diagnosed with T2DM at the end of six-month follow-up. CONCLUSION COVID-19, may directly/indirectly, predispose to hyperglycemia. Obesity and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for newly diagnosed T2DM/hyperglycemia in post-COVID-19 syndrome patients. Since that some metabolic variables were found to be significantly higher in the group with high AIP values, we suggest that AIP might be used as a reference to predict the development of obesity and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canan Emiroglu
- Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Depatment of Family Medicine, Ziraat Mahallesi, University of Health Sciences, Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Cad. No:20 Dışkapı Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Murat Dicle
- Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Depatment of Family Medicine, Ziraat Mahallesi, University of Health Sciences, Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Cad. No:20 Dışkapı Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Yesiloglu
- Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Depatment of Family Medicine, Ziraat Mahallesi, University of Health Sciences, Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Cad. No:20 Dışkapı Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Gorpelioglu
- Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Depatment of Family Medicine, Ziraat Mahallesi, University of Health Sciences, Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Cad. No:20 Dışkapı Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenk Aypak
- Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Depatment of Family Medicine, Ziraat Mahallesi, University of Health Sciences, Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Cad. No:20 Dışkapı Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dalamaga M, Kounatidis D, Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Psallida S, Papavassiliou AG. The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:675. [PMID: 38203845 PMCID: PMC10779569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the type of diet, calorie intake and the lack of physical exercise, recent data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A, phthalates and their analogs, and obesity. EDCs represent a heterogeneous group of chemicals that may influence the hormonal regulation of body mass and adipose tissue morphology. Based on the available data from mechanistic, animal and epidemiological studies including meta-analyses, the weight of evidence points towards the contribution of EDCs to the development of obesity, associated disorders and obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction by (1) impacting adipogenesis; (2) modulating epigenetic pathways during development, enhancing susceptibility to obesity; (3) influencing neuroendocrine signals responsible for appetite and satiety; (4) promoting a proinflammatory milieu in adipose tissue and inducing a state of chronic subclinical inflammation; (5) dysregulating gut microbiome and immune homeostasis; and (6) inducing dysfunction in thermogenic adipose tissue. Critical periods of exposure to obesogenic EDCs are the prenatal, neonatal, pubertal and reproductive periods. Interestingly, EDCs even at low doses may promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult obesity in subsequent generations. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the role of obesogenic EDCs, specifically BPA and phthalate plasticizers, in the development of obesity, taking into account in vitro, animal and epidemiologic studies; discuss mechanisms linking EDCs to obesity; analyze the effects of EDCs on obesity in critical chronic periods of exposure; and present interesting perspectives, challenges and preventive measures in this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.V.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.V.)
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, ‘Attikon’ General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotiria Psallida
- Department of Microbiology, ‘KAT’ General Hospital of Attica, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Coinciding Pandemics of Obesity and COVID-19: Worse than Bad. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:919-954. [PMID: 39287877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes have long-lasting impacts, which influence the epigenome and are maintained during cell division. Thus, human genome changes have required a very long timescale to become a major contributor to the current obesity pandemic. Whereas bidirectional effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and obesity pandemics have given the opportunity to explore, how the viral microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) use the human's transcriptional machinery that regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. Obesity and its related comorbidity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and new-onset diabetes due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are additional risk factors, which increase the severity of COVID-19 and its related mortality. The higher mortality rate of these patients is dependent on severe cytokine storm, which is the sum of the additional cytokine production by concomitant comorbidities and own cytokine synthesis of COVID-19. Patients with obesity facilitate the SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cell via increasing the host's cell receptor expression and modifying the host cell proteases. After entering the host cells, the SARS-CoV-2 genome directly functions as a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and encodes a set of nonstructural proteins via processing by the own proteases, main protease (Mpro), and papain-like protease (PLpro) to initiate viral genome replication and transcription. Following viral invasion, SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces insulin secretion via either inducing β-cell apoptosis or reducing intensity of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and leads to new-onset diabetes. Since both T2D and severity of COVID-19 are associated with the increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, high glucose levels in T2D aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Elevated neopterin (NPT) value due to persistent interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated monocyte-macrophage activation is an indicator of hyperactivated pro-inflammatory phenotype M1 macrophages. Thus, NPT could be a reliable biomarker for the simultaneously occurring COVID-19-, obesity- and T2D-induced cytokine storm. While host miRNAs attack viral RNAs, viral miRNAs target host transcripts. Eventually, the expression rate and type of miRNAs also are different in COVID-19 patients with different viral loads. It is concluded that specific miRNA signatures in macrophage activation phase may provide an opportunity to become aware of the severity of COVID-19 in patients with obesity and obesity-related T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evren Doruk Engin
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Gumusdere Campus, Gumusdere, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alomran AA, Althubaiti KA, Alabdullah HA, Al Bisher HB, Awadh A, Al Shankiti HA, Almazyad L, Aljandul LA, Aljohani AT, Dhafar OW, Alzahrani ZA, Kharaba AM. Body Mass Index as a Predictor of COVID-19 Severity in ICU Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e52470. [PMID: 38371162 PMCID: PMC10873537 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted research into various risk factors, including the role of body mass index (BMI) in disease severity. This study specifically examines the correlation between BMI and the severity of COVID-19 among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Saudi Arabia, addressing a gap in region-specific data. The study aims to assess the impact of BMI on the severity of COVID-19 in a Saudi Arabian ICU patient cohort, providing insights into how this relationship varies in different demographic contexts. Materials and methods Employing a retrospective cohort design, the study analyzed data from adult ICU patients in Saudi Arabia diagnosed with COVID-19. It focused on variables like BMI at admission, demographic information, and COVID-19 outcomes including severity, recovery, and mortality. Statistical analysis involved regression models, adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. Results Unlike global observations, the study found no significant correlation between BMI and COVID-19 severity in the Saudi Arabian context. This suggests that in this specific demographic, other factors may be more critical in determining the severity of the disease. Conclusion Our findings challenge the global consensus on BMI as a key factor in COVID-19 severity, highlighting the importance of regional differences in disease dynamics. They underscore the need for localized healthcare strategies and further research into diverse demographic factors affecting COVID-19. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the pandemic and encourages region-specific approaches in both clinical and public health spheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heba B Al Bisher
- College of Medicine and Medical Science, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR
| | - Atheer Awadh
- College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif , SAU
| | | | - Laura Almazyad
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Leen A Aljandul
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abrar T Aljohani
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Obay W Dhafar
- Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Ayman M Kharaba
- Internal Medicine Intensive Critical Care Unit, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lempesis IG, Varrias D, Sagris M, Attaran RR, Altin ES, Bakoyiannis C, Palaiodimos L, Dalamaga M, Kokkinidis DG. Obesity and Peripheral Artery Disease: Current Evidence and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:264-279. [PMID: 37243875 PMCID: PMC10220347 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a significant public health problem and a major risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular manifestations. Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 3%-10% of the Western population and, if left untreated, can lead to devastating outcomes with both an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, the association between obesity and PAD remains debatable. Whereas it is well known that PAD and obesity frequently overlap in the same patients, many studies have demonstrated a negative association between obesity and PAD and a protective effect of obesity on disease development and progression, a phenomenon described as the "obesity paradox." Possible mechanisms for this paradox may include genetic background, as assessed by mendelian randomization studies, adipose tissue dysfunction, and body fat distribution rather than adiposity, while other factors, such as sex, ethnicity, sarcopenia in the elderly population, or aggressive treatment of co-existing metabolic conditions in individuals with obesity compared to those with normal weight, could have some impact as well. RECENT RINDINGS Few reviews and meta-analyses examining systematically the relationship between obesity and PAD exist. The impact of PAD development due to the presence of obesity remains largely controversial. However, the most current evidence, backed by a recent meta-analysis, suggests a potential protective role of a higher body mass index on PAD-related complications and mortality. In this review, we discuss the association between obesity and PAD development, progression, and management, and the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms linking the two diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Lempesis
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Varrias
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marios Sagris
- General Hospital of Nikaia, Piraeus, 184 54, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert R Attaran
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University/Yale New Haven Hospital, 06519, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elissa S Altin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University/Yale New Haven Hospital, 06519, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christos Bakoyiannis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Palaiodimos
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Damianos G Kokkinidis
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University/Yale New Haven Hospital, 06519, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rastmanesh R, Krishnia L, Kashyap MK. The Influence of COVID-19 in Endocrine Research: Critical Overview, Methodological Implications and a Guideline for Future Designs. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231189073. [PMID: 37529301 PMCID: PMC10387761 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231189073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of people's lives, including not only individual social behavior, healthcare procedures, and altered physiological and pathophysiological responses. As a result, some medical studies may be influenced by one or more hidden factors brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the literature review method, we are briefly discussing the studies that are confounded by COVID-19 and facemask-induced partiality and how these factors can be further complicated with other confounding variables. Facemask wearing has been reported to produce partiality in studies of ophthalmology (particularly dry eye and related ocular diseases), sleep studies, cognitive studies (such as emotion-recognition accuracy research, etc.), and gender-influenced studies, to mention a few. There is a possibility that some other COVID-19 related influences remain unrecognized in medical research. To account for heterogeneity, current and future studies need to consider the severity of the initial illness (such as diabetes, other endocrine disorders), and COVID-19 infection, the timing of analysis, or the presence of a control group. Face mask-induced influences may confound the results of diabetes studies in many ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucky Krishnia
- Amity Centre of Nanotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Medical School, Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Haryana, India
- Clinical Biosamples & Research Services (CBRS), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Christodoulatos GS, Papavasileiou G, Petropoulou D, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10458. [PMID: 37445634 PMCID: PMC10341908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% of people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology of LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; a chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation and a defective immune response; the reactivation of latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal and metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for the diagnosis of LC, and clinical features including laboratory findings and biomarkers may not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop and validate biomarkers that can be employed for the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of LC and its therapeutic response, although this effort may be hampered by challenges pertaining to the non-specific nature of the majority of clinical manifestations in the LC spectrum, small sample sizes of relevant studies and other methodological issues. Promising candidate biomarkers that are found in some patients are markers of systemic inflammation, including acute phase proteins, cytokines and chemokines; biomarkers reflecting SARS-CoV-2 persistence, the reactivation of herpesviruses and immune dysregulation; biomarkers of endotheliopathy, coagulation and fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins and metabolites; hormonal and metabolic biomarkers; and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there are only two reviews summarizing relevant biomarkers; however, they do not cover the entire umbrella of current biomarkers, their link to etiopathogenetic mechanisms or the diagnostic work-up in a comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim to appraise and synopsize the available evidence on the typical laboratory manifestations and candidate biomarkers of LC, their classification based on pathogenetic mechanisms and the main LC symptomatology in the frame of the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the syndrome and furthermore assess limitations and challenges as well as potential implications in candidate therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Irene Karampela
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Georgios Papavasileiou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Dimitra Petropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karampela I, Vallianou NG, Tsilingiris D, Christodoulatos GS, Antonakos G, Marinou I, Vogiatzakis E, Armaganidis A, Dalamaga M. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Omentin-1 in Sepsis: A Prospective Study in Critically Ill Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050833. [PMID: 37241065 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Omentin-1, also known as intelectin-1, is a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory activities implicated in inflammatory diseases and sepsis. We aimed to explore serum omentin-1 and its kinetics in critically ill patients early in sepsis and its association with severity and prognosis. Materials and Methods: Serum omentin-1 was determined in 102 critically ill patients with sepsis during the first 48 h from sepsis onset and 1 week later, and in 102 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The outcome of sepsis at 28 days after enrollment was recorded. Results: Serum omentin-1 at enrollment was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (763.3 ± 249.3 vs. 451.7 ± 122.3 μg/L, p < 0.001) and it further increased 1 week after (950.6 ± 215.5 vs. 763.3 ± 249.3 μg/L, p < 0.001). Patients with septic shock (n = 42) had higher omentin-1 compared to those with sepsis (n = 60) at enrollment (877.9 ± 241.2 vs. 683.1 ± 223.7 μg/L, p < 0.001) and 1 week after (1020.4 ± 224.7 vs. 901.7 ± 196.3 μg/L, p = 0.007). Furthermore, nonsurvivors (n = 30) had higher omentin-1 at sepsis onset (952.1 ± 248.2 vs. 684.6 ± 204.7 μg/L, p < 0.001) and 1 week after (1051.8 ± 242 vs. 908.4 ± 189.8 μg/L, p < 0.01). Patients with sepsis and survivors presented higher kinetics than those with septic shock and nonsurvivors (Δ(omentin-1)% 39.8 ± 35.9% vs. 20.2 ± 23.3%, p = 0.01, and 39.4 ± 34.3% vs. 13.3 ± 18.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). Higher omentin-1 at sepsis onset and 1 week after was an independent predictor of 28-day mortality (HR 2.26, 95% C.I. 1.21-4.19, p = 0.01 and HR: 2.15, 95% C.I. 1.43-3.22, p < 0.001, respectively). Finally, omentin-1 was significantly correlated with the severity scores, the white blood cells, coagulation biomarkers, and CRP, but not procalcitonin and other inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions: Serum omentin-1 is increased in sepsis, while higher levels and lower kinetics during the first week of sepsis are associated with the severity and 28-day mortality of sepsis. Omentin-1 may be a promising biomarker of sepsis. However, more studies are needed to explore its role in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Antonakos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Marinou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Sotiria Athens General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Armaganidis
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vallianou NG, Kounatidis D, Tsilingiris D, Panagopoulos F, Christodoulatos GS, Evangelopoulos A, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. The Role of Next-Generation Probiotics in Obesity and Obesity-Associated Disorders: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076755. [PMID: 37047729 PMCID: PMC10095285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-associated disorders pose a major public health issue worldwide. Apart from conventional weight loss drugs, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) seem to be very promising as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against obesity. Candidate NGPs such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides coprocola, Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Hafnia alvei, Odoribacter laneus and Christensenella minuta have shown promise in preclinical models of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. Proposed mechanisms include the modulation of gut flora and amelioration of intestinal dysbiosis, improvement of intestinal barrier function, reduction in chronic low-grade inflammation and modulation of gut peptide secretion. Akkermansia muciniphila and Hafnia alvei have already been administered in overweight/obese patients with encouraging results. However, safety issues and strict regulations should be constantly implemented and updated. In this review, we aim to explore (1) current knowledge regarding NGPs; (2) their utility in obesity and obesity-associated disorders; (3) their safety profile; and (4) their therapeutic potential in individuals with overweight/obesity. More large-scale, multicentric and longitudinal studies are mandatory to explore their preventive and therapeutic potential against obesity and its related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Fotis Panagopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 1 Sismanogleiou Street, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Evangelopoulos
- Roche Hellas Diagnostics S.A., 18-20 Amarousiou-Chalandriou Street, 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dalamaga M, Nasiri-Ansari N, Spyrou N. Perspectives and Challenges of COVID-19 with Obesity-Related Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061771. [PMID: 36980657 PMCID: PMC10046880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has created an unprecedented threat worldwide, involving overwhelmed health-care systems in the majority of countries [...]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Clark JM, Garvey WT, Niswender KD, Schmidt AM, Ahima RS, Aleman JO, Battarbee AN, Beckman J, Bennett WL, Brown NJ, Chandler‐Laney P, Cox N, Goldberg IJ, Habegger KM, Harper LM, Hasty AH, Hidalgo BA, Kim SF, Locher JL, Luther JM, Maruthur NM, Miller ER, Sevick MA, Wells Q. Obesity and Overweight: Probing Causes, Consequences, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches Through the American Heart Association's Strategically Focused Research Network. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027693. [PMID: 36752232 PMCID: PMC10111504 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
As the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise, so too does the urgency to fully understand mediating mechanisms, to discover new targets for safe and effective therapeutic intervention, and to identify biomarkers to track obesity and the success of weight loss interventions. In 2016, the American Heart Association sought applications for a Strategically Focused Research Network (SFRN) on Obesity. In 2017, 4 centers were named, including Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center. These 4 centers were convened to study mechanisms and therapeutic targets in obesity, to train a talented cadre of American Heart Association SFRN-designated fellows, and to initiate and sustain effective and enduring collaborations within the individual centers and throughout the SFRN networks. This review summarizes the central themes, major findings, successful training of highly motivated and productive fellows, and the innovative collaborations and studies forged through this SFRN on Obesity. Leveraging expertise in in vitro and cellular model assays, animal models, and humans, the work of these 4 centers has made a significant impact in the field of obesity, opening doors to important discoveries, and the identification of a future generation of obesity-focused investigators and next-step clinical trials. The creation of the SFRN on Obesity for these 4 centers is but the beginning of innovative science and, importantly, the birth of new collaborations and research partnerships to propel the field forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of EpidemiologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical ResearchThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and MetabolismVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Jose O. Aleman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and MetabolismNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY
| | - Ashley N. Battarbee
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Joshua Beckman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Wendy L. Bennett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of EpidemiologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical ResearchThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive HealthThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | | | | | - Nancy Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and MetabolismNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY
| | - Kirk M. Habegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lorie M. Harper
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
- Division of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine, Department of Women’s Health, Dell Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTN
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTN
| | - Bertha A. Hidalgo
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Sangwon F. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of NeuroscienceThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Julie L. Locher
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative CareUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - James M. Luther
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical Center TennesseeNashvilleTN
| | - Nisa M. Maruthur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of EpidemiologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical ResearchThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Edgar R. Miller
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of EpidemiologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical ResearchThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Mary Ann Sevick
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and MetabolismNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior ChangeNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNY
| | - Quinn Wells
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Avgerinos KI, Liu J, Dalamaga M. Could exercise hormone irisin be a therapeutic agent against Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases? Metabol Open 2023; 17:100233. [PMID: 36785617 PMCID: PMC9918419 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathologic hallmarks of the disease are the loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of intraneuronal alpha synuclein (a-syn) aggregates. Clinical features of PD include motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors, postural instability, and gait impairment, and non-motor symptoms such as constipation, orthostatic hypotension, REM sleep disorder, depression and dementia. Currently, there is no disease-modifying therapy for PD. Several human studies have shown that exercise reduces progression of motor symptoms, improves performance on cognitive tasks, and slows functional deterioration. However, regular exercise may not always be feasible in PD patients. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine involved in metabolism modulation and body fat reduction, but it also crosses the blood-brain barrier and may mediate some of the benefits of exercise in brain function. Recent evidence has shown that irisin could be therapeutically promising in PD as an "exercise-mimicking" intervention. Exogenous irisin administration decreases brain a-syn pathology and loss of dopaminergic neurons, while it improves motor outcomes in preclinical models. Several other neurodegenerative disorders such as AD share common underlying pathogenetic mechanisms with PD such as protein misfolding and aggregation, neuroinflammation, brain metabolic abnormalities, and neuronal loss. Therefore, investigation of irisin as a disease-modifying therapy could be promising for PD and other neurodegenerative disorders including AD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nagy É, Cseh V, Barcs I, Ludwig E. The Impact of Comorbidities and Obesity on the Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients-A Retrospective Study in a Hungarian Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1372. [PMID: 36674133 PMCID: PMC9859007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Patients with comorbidities and obesity are more likely to be hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to have a higher incidence of severe pneumonia and to also show higher mortality rates. Between 15 March 2020 and 31 December 2021, a retrospective, single-center, observational study was conducted among patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 infection. Our aim was to investigate the impact of comorbidities and lifestyle risk factors on mortality, the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the severity of the disease among these patients. Our results demonstrated that comorbidities and obesity increased the risk for all investigated endpoints. Age over 65 years and male sex were identified as independent risk factors, and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, endocrine and metabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease and obesity were identified as significant risk factors. Obesity was found to be the most significant risk factor, associated with considerable odds of COVID-19 mortality and the need for ICU admission in the under-65 age group (aOR: 2.95; p < 0.001 and aOR: 3.49, p < 0.001). In our study, risk factors that increased mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients were identified. Detailed information on such factors may support therapeutic decision making, the proper targeting of vaccination campaigns and the effective overall management of the COVID-19 epidemic, hence reducing the burden on the healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Nagy
- Schools of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, 1106 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Cseh
- Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, 1106 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Barcs
- Schools of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Ludwig
- Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, 1106 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Division of Infectology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Karampela I. Perspectives in vaccines, immune response, therapeutic interventions and COVID-19. Metabol Open 2022; 17:100223. [PMID: 36570684 PMCID: PMC9758070 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
19
|
Mongraw-Chaffin M, Tjaden AH, Seals AL, Miller K, Ahmed N, Espeland MA, Gibbs M, Thomas D, Uschner D, Weintraub WS, Edelstein SL. Association of Obesity and Diabetes with SARS-Cov-2 Infection and Symptoms in the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:dgac715. [PMID: 36482096 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and diabetes are established risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, but less is known about their impact on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and general symptom severity. We hypothesized that those with obesity or diabetes would be more likely to self-report a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, and among those with a positive test, have greater symptom severity and duration. METHODS Among 44,430 COVID-19 Community Research Partnership participants, we evaluated the association of self-reported and electronic health record obesity and diabetes with a self-reported positive COVID-19 test at any time. Among the 2,663 participants with a self-reported positive COVID-19 test during the study, we evaluated the association of obesity and diabetes with self-report of symptom severity, duration, and hospitalization. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and healthcare worker status. RESULTS We found a positive graded association between Body Mass Index (BMI) category and positive COVID-19 test (Overweight OR = 1.14 [1.05-1.25]; Obesity I OR = 1.29 [1.17-2.42]; Obesity II OR = 1.34 [1.19-1.50]; Obesity III OR = 1.53 [1.35-1.73]), and a similar but weaker association with COVID-19 symptoms and severity among those with a positive test. Diabetes was associated with COVID-19 infection but not symptoms after adjustment, with some evidence of an interaction between obesity and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS While the limitations of this health system convenience sample include generalizability and selection around test-seeking, the strong graded association of BMI and diabetes with self-reported COVID-19 infection suggests that obesity and diabetes may play a role in risk for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 beyond co-occurrence with socioeconomic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kristen Miller
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Dorey Thomas
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Diane Uschner
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| | - William S Weintraub
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sharon L Edelstein
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The catcher in the gut: Tirzepatide, a dual incretin analog for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Metabol Open 2022; 16:100220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
21
|
Xu Y, Dalamaga M, Liu J. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 promotes lipogenesis contributing to Hepatocellular Carcinoma pathogenesis. Metabol Open 2022; 16:100218. [PMID: 36506939 PMCID: PMC9731896 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Dalamaga M, Liu J. Targeting MRG15 for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabol Open 2022; 16:100217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
23
|
Ramadhani ID, Latifah L, Prasetyo A, Khairunnisa M, Wardhani YF, Yunitawati D, Fahlevi M. Infodemiology on diet and weight loss behavior before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Implication for public health promotion. Front Nutr 2022; 9:981204. [PMID: 36245536 PMCID: PMC9555344 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.981204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study set out to explore public interest through information search trends on diet and weight loss before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods The Google Trends database was evaluated for the relative internet search popularity on diet-related search terms, including top and rising diet-related terms. The search range was before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2018 to January 2022) in the Indonesia region. We analyzed the Relative Search Volume (RSV) data using line charts, correlation, and comparison tests. Results Search queries of “lose weight” was higher during the pandemic (58.34 ± 9.70 vs. 68.69 ± 7.72; p<0.05). No difference was found in diet-related searches before and after the pandemic. Public interest in the diet was higher after Eid al-Fitr (Muslims break fasting celebration day) and after the new year. Many fad diet (FD) terms were found on the top and rising terms. Conclusion After Eid al-Fitr and the new year were susceptible times for promoting a healthy diet in Indonesia. Potential need found before those times for education in inserting healthy food among fatty and sugary menus related to holidays and celebrations. Higher interest in “lose weight” was relevant to heightened obesity risk during the social restriction and heightened COVID-19 morbidity and mortality due to obesity. The high interest for rapid weight loss through FD needs to be resolved by promoting healthy diets with a more captivating message and messenger, like consistently using top terms in the keywords of the official healthy diet guidance. Future research could explore the relationship between diet and other behavior or with non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leny Latifah
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andjar Prasetyo
- Regional Development Planning Agency, Magelang, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Andjar Prasetyo
| | - Marizka Khairunnisa
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yurika Fauzia Wardhani
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Yunitawati
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Fahlevi
- Department of Management, BINUS Online Learning, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dalamaga M, Liu J. A chromatin remodeling checkpoint of diet-induced macrophage activation in adipose tissue. Metabol Open 2022; 15:100204. [PMID: 35990770 PMCID: PMC9386063 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the environment and the immune cells is linked to metabolic homeostasis under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is considered an immune-related inflammatory disorder, in which the adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are key players orchestrating metabolic chronic meta-inflammation and contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. However, the molecular regulators that integrate the environmental signals to control ATM activation and adipose inflammation during obesity and T2D remain unclear. Epigenetic mechanisms constitute important parameters in metabolic homeostasis, obesity and T2D via the integration of the environmental factors to the transcriptional regulation of gene programs. In a very recent study published in Diabetes by Kong et al., BAF60a has been identified as a key chromatin remodeling checkpoint factor that associates obesity-associated stress signals with meta-inflammation and systemic homeostasis. Furthermore, this work uncovers Atf3 as an important downstream effector in BAF60a-mediated chromatin remodeling and transcriptional reprogramming of macrophage activation in adipose tissue. The findings of this research may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches for obesity-induced metabolic inflammation and associated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Of mice and men: Considerations on adipose tissue physiology in animal models of obesity and human studies. Metabol Open 2022; 15:100208. [PMID: 36092796 PMCID: PMC9460138 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing burden of obesity demands a better pathophysiological understanding, especially regarding adipose tissue pathophysiology. Animal models of obesity are of great importance in investigating potential mechanisms and implications of obesity. Many issues should be considered while interpreting the preclinical results as anatomical and pathophysiological differences exist among species. Importantly, the natural history of obesity development differs considerably. An important example of conflicting results among preclinical models and human physiological studies is that of adipose tissue oxygenation, where rodent models almost unanimously have shown the presence of hypoxia in the adipose tissue of obese animals while human studies have yielded conflicting results to date. Other issues which require further clarification before generalizing preclinical data in humans include adipose tissue browning, endocrine function and fibrosis. The aim of this mini-review is to synopsize similarities and differences between rodent models and humans, which should be taken into consideration in obesity studies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Karampela I, Vallianou N, Magkos F, Apovian CM, Dalamaga M. Obesity, Hypovitaminosis D, and COVID-19: the Bermuda Triangle in Public Health. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:116-125. [PMID: 35391661 PMCID: PMC8989103 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged public health to a significant extent by markedly increasing morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that obesity and hypovitaminosis D constitute important risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity of disease, and poor outcomes. Due to their high prevalence globally, obesity and hypovitaminosis D are considered pandemics. This review presents current epidemiologic and genetic data linking obesity, hypovitaminosis D, and COVID-19, highlighting the importance of the convergence of three pandemics and their impact on public health. We also briefly summarize potential mechanisms that could explain these links. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiologic data have shown that obesity is an independent risk factor for COVID-19, severe disease and death, and genetic evidence has suggested a causal association between obesity-related traits and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Additionally, obesity is independently associated with hypovitaminosis D, which is highly prevalent in subjects with obesity. Hypovitaminosis D is independently associated with a higher risk for COVID-19, severity, hospitalization, infectious complications, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and poor outcomes. However, genome-wide association studies have not revealed any causal association between vitamin D levels and the risk for COVID-19, while there is no robust evidence for a beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the epidemiologic impact of obesity and hypovitaminosis D is emphasized. Efforts to increase public awareness and reinforce preventive and therapeutic measures against obesity and hypovitaminosis D are strongly required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou St., 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline M. Apovian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang P, Wu S, He Y, Li X, Zhu Y, Lin X, Chen L, Zhao Y, Niu L, Zhang S, Li X, Zhu L, Shen L. LncRNA-Mediated Adipogenesis in Different Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137488. [PMID: 35806493 PMCID: PMC9267348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs that do not code for proteins, widely present in eukaryotes. They regulate gene expression at multiple levels through different mechanisms at epigenetic, transcription, translation, and the maturation of mRNA transcripts or regulation of the chromatin structure, and compete with microRNAs for binding to endogenous RNA. Adipose tissue is a large and endocrine-rich functional tissue in mammals. Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue in mammals can cause metabolic diseases. However, unlike white fat, brown and beige fats release energy as heat. In recent years, many lncRNAs associated with adipogenesis have been reported. The molecular mechanisms of how lncRNAs regulate adipogenesis are continually investigated. In this review, we discuss the classification of lncRNAs according to their transcriptional location. lncRNAs that participate in the adipogenesis of white or brown fats are also discussed. The function of lncRNAs as decoy molecules and RNA double-stranded complexes, among other functions, is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuxu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China;
| | - Xutao Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.S.); Tel.: +86-28-8629-1133 (L.Z. & L.S.)
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (P.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (L.N.); (S.Z.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.S.); Tel.: +86-28-8629-1133 (L.Z. & L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pereira M, Bakkeli NZ, Dimka J, Mamelund SE. Identifying obesity and COVID-19 overlapping risk-factors: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221106584. [PMID: 36081899 PMCID: PMC9445477 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review main goal is to identify the common risk factors of obesity and COVID-19 overall, and highlight the ones related to urban settings specifically, using a syndemic framework. COVID-19 highlighted the interaction between infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. We hypothesise that obesity and COVID-19 share determinants, thus our main goal is to identify the overlapping risk factors and their magnitude of association with both health outcomes. Literature search was conducted in Medline and Embase, Cochrane Library and Epistemonikos, Web of Science and Scopus, ASSIA and SocINDEX and, Google Scholar, in June 2021. Covidence will be used to conduct the title and abstract, and full-text screening, considering the following inclusion criteria: (a) study addresses both health outcomes, (b) full-length articles, (c) study focuses on humans and (d) studies in English. The exclusion criteria will be: (a) study addresses one of the outcomes in combination with other pathologies, (b) not full-length article, (c) study focuses on animals, (d) study not written in English, (e) study focuses on treatment (pharmacological or other), testing (prognostic) or specific patients with other pathologies and (f) study focussed in clinical and/or physiological mechanisms associated with obesity and/or COVID-19. The included studies will be assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project for quantitative studies and the tool described by Hawker for qualitative studies. Qualitative results will be assessed using thematic analysis methods to synthesise findings and presented in summary tables. Quantitative results - meta-analysis - will be analysed and presented using Q test and Funnel Plot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Pereira
- Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nan Zou Bakkeli
- Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jessica Dimka
- Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svenn-Erik Mamelund
- Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ohler AM, Braddock A. Infections and antibiotic use in early life, and obesity in early childhood: a mediation analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1608-1614. [PMID: 35654887 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Literature shows a positive association between antibiotics and obesity in childhood, but fails to account for confounding by indication. We evaluate the direct effect of infection on obesity and the indirect effect mediated by antibiotics by performing a mediation analysis of the infection-obesity association. METHODS A Medicaid cohort of children age 2-14 years old between 2015-2019 (n = 61,330) is used to perform mediation analysis of infections and antibiotic use in the first year of life, and obesity in childhood in Missouri, U.S.A. RESULTS An additional infection increases the risk of obesity in childhood (aIRR = 1.050, p < 0.001); however, mediation by antibiotic use is clinically and statistically insignificant. If the number of infections is not considered in the analysis, then antibiotic use as a risk factor for obesity is overstated (aIRR = 1.037 vs. 1.013 p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The number of infections exhibits a significant relationship with obesity and is a stronger risk factor for obesity than antibiotic use. In particular, a greater number of bronchitis, otitis media, and upper respiratory infections in the first year of life are associated with a significant increased risk of obesity in childhood. We find only weak evidence that an additional antibiotics claim increases the risk of obesity in childhood and this risk may not be clinically meaningful. Further research is needed to explore the association between early childhood infections, especially in the first 6 months of life, and obesity including the biological mechanism and environmental factor of early life infections associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M Ohler
- Department of Child Health, Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri, COLUMBIA, MO, USA.
| | - Amy Braddock
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amanatidou E, Gkiouliava A, Pella E, Serafidi M, Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. Breakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination: Insights, perspectives and challenges. Metabol Open 2022; 14:100180. [PMID: 35313532 PMCID: PMC8928742 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination programs against SARS-CoV-2 constitute the mainstay of public health interventions against the global COVID-19 pandemic. Currently available vaccines have shown 90% or better rates of protection against severe disease and mortality. Barely a year after vaccines became available, the Omicron variant and its unprecedented speed of transmission has posed a new challenge. Overall, Omicron presents increased immune escape, transmissibility, and decreased pathogenicity. Vaccines do not offer a full protection against SARS-CoV-2 acquisition, since "breakthrough" infections may occur in fully vaccinated individuals, who may in turn spread the virus to others. Breakthrough infections may be causally related to the viral profile (viral variant and load, incubation period, transmissibility, pathogenicity, immune evasion), immunity characteristics (mucosal versus systemic immunity, duration of immunity, etc.), host determinants (age, comorbidities, immune status, immunosuppressive drugs) and vaccination properties (platform, antigen dose, dose number, dose interval, route of administration). Determining the rate of breakthrough infections may be challenging and necessitates the conduction of population-based studies regarding vaccine effectiveness as well as neutralizing antibody testing, a surrogate of immune protection. In this review, we analyze the causes of breakthrough infections, their clinical consequences (severity of infection and transmission), methods of determining their incidence as well as challenges and perspectives. Long COVID as well as multi-inflammatory syndrome in adolescents may be significantly reduced in breakthrough infections. The need for universal pancoranavirus vaccines that would aim at protecting against a plethora of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as emerging variants is discussed. Finally, novel vaccine strategies, such as nasal vaccines, may confer robust mucosal and systemic protection, reducing efficiently transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evropi Amanatidou
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna Gkiouliava
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eva Pella
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Serafidi
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Evangelou K, Rozani S, Syrigos N, Dalamaga M. Obesity: A pandemic hidden in the Covid-19 pandemic. ETHICS, MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 22:100785. [PMID: 35607384 PMCID: PMC9118002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Tsilingiris D, Nasiri-Ansari N, Spyrou N, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Management of Hematologic Malignancies in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Impact of Obesity, Perspectives, and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2494. [PMID: 35626099 PMCID: PMC9139192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented societal and healthcare system crisis, considerably affecting healthcare workers and patients, particularly those with chronic diseases. Patients with hematologic malignancies faced a variety of challenges, pertinent to the nature of an underlying hematologic disorder itself as well as its therapy as a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, suboptimal vaccine efficacy and the need for uninterrupted medical observation and continued therapy. Obesity constitutes another factor which was acknowledged since the early days of the pandemic that predisposed people to severe COVID-19, and shares a likely causal link with the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of hematologic cancers. We review here the epidemiologic and pathogenetic features that obesity and hematologic malignancies share, as well as potential mutual pathophysiological links predisposing people to a more severe SARS-CoV-2 course. Additionally, we attempt to present the existing evidence on the multi-faceted crucial challenges that had to be overcome in this diverse patient group and discuss further unresolved questions and future challenges for the management of hematologic malignancies in the era of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 St Thomas Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bosco A, Dessì A, Zanza C, Pintus R, Fanos V. Resolvins' Obesity-Driven Deficiency: The Implications for Maternal-Fetal Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081662. [PMID: 35458224 PMCID: PMC9029397 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since pregnancy is already characterized by mild but significant inflammatory activity in physiological conditions, when complicated by obesity the probability of a persistent inflammatory state increases, with consequent multiple repercussions that add up to the complications associated with acute inflammation. In this context, the role of resolvins, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), deriving from omega-3 essential fatty acids, may be crucial. Indeed, differential production in numerous high-risk conditions associated with both childbirth and neonatal health, the correlation between maternal omega-3 intake and resolvin concentrations in maternal blood and at the placental level, and the high values found in breast milk in the first month of breastfeeding, are some of the most important hallmarks of these autacoids. In addition, a growing body of scientific evidence supports the lack of SPMs, at the level of immune-metabolic tissues, in the case of obesity. Furthermore, the obesity-related lack of SPMs seems to be decisive in the context of the current outbreak of COVID-19, as it appears to be one of the causes associated with the higher incidence of complications and negative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The usefulness of metabolomics in this field appears clear, given that through the metabolome it is possible to observe the numerous and complex interactions between the mother, the placenta and the fetus in order to identify specific biomarkers useful in the prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of the various obstetric conditions. However, further investigations are needed in order to evaluate the possible use of some resolvins as biomarkers of maternal–fetal outcomes but also to establish adequate integration values in pregnant women with omega-3 fatty acids or with more active derivatives that guarantee optimal SPM production under risky conditions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Caldari-Torres C, Beck J. Effects of co-incubation of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages on leptin production by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: a method for co-incubating distinct adipose tissue cell lines. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:57. [PMID: 35283620 PMCID: PMC8899443 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ capable of releasing inflammatory adipokines that are linked to changes occurring in the overfed state, where tissue remodeling results in hypertrophic adipocytes that recruit monocytes to infiltrate the tissue and take on an inflammatory phenotype. Increases in macrophage-specific inflammatory mediator levels contribute to the inflamed state and worsen the inflammatory loop between the macrophages and adipocytes. Although most inflammatory adipokines are released by macrophages, adipocytes can also release immunomodulatory adipokines, such as leptin. The objective of this research was to determine if co-incubation of activated macrophages with mature adipocytes, using transwell inserts, affected adipocyte leptin release. We also examined if there were differences in levels of cell-secreted products quantified in cell-conditioned media collected from macrophage-containing (transwell insert) and adipocyte-containing (well) compartments. METHODS Mature adipocytes were co-incubated with control and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated (0.01 mg/ml) murine macrophages, and nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and leptin levels were quantified in the cell-conditioned media from both compartments. RESULTS Activation status of the macrophages did not affect leptin release by the adipocytes. We observed higher amounts of leptin in wells compared to transwells. Nitric oxide and interleukin-6 levels were similar between transwells and wells, suggesting that these adipokines travel through the transwell inserts and are reaching equilibrium between the two compartments. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that co-incubating activated macrophages and adipocytes using transwell inserts can result in distinct microenvironments in the different cellular compartments and that separate sampling of these compartments is required to detect the subtle signaling dynamics that exist between these cells. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42269-022-00747-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Beck
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Borghi-Silva A, Back GD, Garcia de Araújo AS, Oliveira MR, da Luz Goulart C, Silva RN, Bassi D, Mendes RG, Arena R. COVID-19 seen from a syndemic perspective: Impact of unhealthy habits and future perspectives to combat these negative interactions in Latin America. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 71:72-78. [PMID: 35490872 PMCID: PMC9047636 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has to this point led to more than 5 million deaths and has imposed numerous measures restricting populations worldwide, including Latin America (LA). However, analyzing COVID-19 from the perspective of a syndemic, it demonstrates the relationship between the interaction of multiple comorbidities and the increase of contagion in people who are socially vulnerable. The number of deaths by COVID-19 in LA is strongly associated with multi-morbidities (diabetes, obesity, sedentary, smoking, among others) and disproportionately attacks communities located in poorer, low-income regions and ethnic minorities. This review aims to revisit the relationship between COVID-19 and both unhealthy living habits (i.e., sedentary lifestyle, poor nutritional habits, overweight and obesity, smoking) and cardiovascular disease in Latin American countries. In addition, this review aims to introduce strategies and policies that combat social inequalities and enable healthy living behaviors in LA countries. If LA countries do not work on public policies that decrease multi-morbidities and social inequalities, we will be unable to eliminate COVID-19, as well as possible other outbreaks that may arise in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, LACAP, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Guilherme Dionir Back
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, LACAP, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Garcia de Araújo
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, LACAP, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Rezende Oliveira
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, LACAP, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássia da Luz Goulart
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, LACAP, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Nunes Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, LACAP, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bassi
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; Postgraduate Program in Management and Health Services, Ceuma, University, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves Mendes
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, LACAP, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL., USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Maffetone PB, Laursen PB. Rethinking COVID-19 and Beyond: Prevention, Remedies, and Recovery. Front Public Health 2022; 10:748498. [PMID: 35284402 PMCID: PMC8904369 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.748498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a relatively short timeframe, millions of deaths and illnesses associated with COVID-19 have been reported, accompanied by substantial economic losses, and overall, negatively impacting society. This experience should serve as a wakeup call to those in public health and healthcare, along with politicians and citizens: COVID-19 is considered a predictable and preventable disaster. While various reactive responses to address the pandemic were implemented, some with adverse effects, proactive measures in the years before COVID-19 were neglected. Predominately this involved the development of a preventable overfat pandemic, which played a key role in both rising rates of chronic disease, the comorbidities that increase the risk for COVID-19, along with associated inflammation and malnutrition. This increased the risk of infection in billions of people worldwide, which, in essence, primed society for high rates of COVID-19 infection. Excess body fat evolves primarily from poor nutrition, particularly the overconsumption of sugar and other refined carbohydrates, which replace the vital nutrients needed for optimal immune function. Sugar and refined carbohydrates must be considered the new tobacco, as these foods are also devoid of nutrients, and underly inflammatory chronic diseases. A balanced diet of nutrient-dense wholefood must be emphasized to combat infectious and inflammatory diseases. Implementing proactive preventive lifestyle changes must begin now, starting with simple, safe, and inexpensive dietary modifications that can quickly lead to a healthier population.
Collapse
|
37
|
Does Oxidative Stress Management Help Alleviation of COVID-19 Symptoms in Patients Experiencing Diabetes? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020321. [PMID: 35057501 PMCID: PMC8780958 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 virus causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with other comorbidities such as diabetes. Diabetes is the most common cause of diabetic nephropathy, which is attributed to hyperglycemia. COVID-19 produces severe complications in people with diabetes mellitus. This article explains how SARS-CoV-2 causes more significant kidney damage in diabetic patients. Importantly, COVID-19 and diabetes share inflammatory pathways of disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 binding with ACE-2 causes depletion of ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) from blood vessels, and subsequently, angiotensin-II interacts with angiotensin receptor-1 from vascular membranes that produce NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate) oxidase, oxidative stress, and constriction of blood vessels. Since diabetes and COVID-19 can create oxidative stress, we hypothesize that COVID-19 with comorbidities such as diabetes can synergistically increase oxidative stress leading to end-stage renal failure and death. Antioxidants may therefore prevent renal damage-induced death by inhibiting oxidative damage and thus can help protect people from COVID-19 related comorbidities. A few clinical trials indicated how effective the antioxidant therapy is against improving COVID-19 symptoms, based on a limited number of patients who experienced COVID-19. In this review, we tried to understand how effective antioxidants (such as vitamin D and flavonoids) can act as food supplements or therapeutics against COVID-19 with diabetes as comorbidity based on recently available clinical, preclinical, or in silico studies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Tsilingiris D, Dalamaga M, Liu J. SARS-CoV-2 adipose tissue infection and hyperglycemia: A further step towards the understanding of severe COVID-19. Metabol Open 2022; 13:100163. [PMID: 35039801 PMCID: PMC8755555 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have highlighted the prognostic significance of hyperglycemia in the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A number of mechanisms have been proposed as potential drivers of this association, which were, however, up until recently based rather on speculation than on investigational evidence. It has been recently come to light that the development of insulin resistance in the frame of COVID-19 is likely the driving force behind the development of overt hyperglycemia. This results through the infectious insult of the adipose tissue, and is observed in conjunction with aberrant adipokine secretion by host adipocytes, such as decreased adiponectin, as well as a switch towards an antiviral immune secretory profile. These data could have a considerable relevance not only for the management of hyperglycemia in the course of the infection but also for the overall understanding of the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 St Thomas Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Santos VBD, Stein AT, Barilli SLS, Garbini AF, Almeida RCD, Carazai DDR, Santos FCD, Lutkmeier R, Greve IH, Klafke A, Mussart KM, Wittke EI. Adult patients admitted to a tertiary hospital for COVID-19 and risk factors associated with severity: a retrospective cohort study. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e20. [PMID: 35239864 PMCID: PMC8901117 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease whose knowledge is still under construction, high transmissibility, with no consensual treatment available to everyone. Therefore, the identification of patients at higher risk of evolving to the critical form of the disease is fundamental. The study aimed to determine risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in adults patients. This is an observational, retrospective study from a cohort of adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to a public hospital from March to August 2020, whose medical records were evaluated. For the association of possible severity predictors, a Poisson regression was used. The primary outcome was the critical form of the disease (need for admission to the Intensive Care Unit and/or invasive mechanical ventilation). We included 565 patients: mostly men; 55.5% of those who progressed to the critical form of the disease were over sixty years old. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity were the most frequent comorbidities. There were 39.8% of patients who progressed to the critical form of the disease. The hospital mortality rate was 22.1%, and that of critical patients was 46.7%. The independent factors associated with the severity of the disease were obesity [RR = 1.33 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.66; p = 0.011)], SpO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 315 [RR = 2.20 (95% CI 1.79 to 2.71; p = 0.000)], C-reactive protein > 100 mg/L [RR = 1.65 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.06; p = 0.000)], and lymphocytes < 1,000/µL [RR = 1.44 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.75; p = 0.000)]. Advanced age and comorbidities were dependent factors strongly associated with the critical form of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Airton Tetelbom Stein
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roviello V, Gilhen-Baker M, Vicidomini C, Roviello GN. Forest-bathing and physical activity as weapons against COVID-19: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:131-140. [PMID: 34566548 PMCID: PMC8453031 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strengthening the immune system in order to better withstand the threat of COVID-19 is an important way to ensure the protection of our health against the current pandemic associated with SARS-CoV-2. There are many ways to achieve this, but with current circumstances, certain modalities stand out as being the most valid and are certainly worth greater consideration. Here we review the effects that particular immuno-strengthening activities can have on limiting the severity of COVID-19 disease as well as preventing virus infection. Physical activity, in particular, should not be discounted as an important method of prevention of viral diseases as it triggers many biological processes within the human body which in turn lead to heightened natural defences against viral infections. When exercise is performed in forested areas, these protective health benefits may be increased since many plant species emit biogenic volatile compounds (VOCs) which, when inhaled, have many protective properties. These VOCs have been shown in particular to have immunostimulatory effects on the human body and, thus, they could be of use in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19. Being amongst trees may also help to alleviate stress and anxiety, lowering cortisol levels and consequently helping the proper functioning of the immune system. In the following work, we have performed an analysis of the available scientific literature which looks at the effects of physical exercise as well as 'forest-bathing' on the immune system's ability to fight disease, especially of course as it relates to COVID-19. Our review aims at shedding light on the benefits of exercising outdoors in green areas and suggests reforestation as a protective measure against future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Roviello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Melinda Gilhen-Baker
- Faculty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Georgian State Teaching University of Physical Education and Sport, 49, Chavchavadze avenue, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Caterina Vicidomini
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, IBB - CNR Mezzocannone Site and Headquarters, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, IBB - CNR Mezzocannone Site and Headquarters, 80134 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bader-Larsen KS, Larson EA, Dalamaga M, Magkos F. A Narrative Review of the Safety of Anti-COVID-19 Nutraceuticals for Patients with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236094. [PMID: 34885202 PMCID: PMC8656592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dietary supplement use has increased more than 35% globally since the COVID-19 outbreak. While some nutraceuticals are potentially efficacious against severe disease from COVID-19, their indiscriminate use by patients with cancer without medical supervision is concerning. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the data on safety of “anti-COVID-19” nutraceuticals for patients with cancer. We found that the use of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium supplements is likely safe and even potentially beneficial at typically recommended doses. However, caution is advised regarding the use of omega-3 fatty acids and zinc, as risks from their use may outweigh the benefits. Abstract Interest in dietary supplements and their efficacy in treating and preventing disease has increased greatly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with cancer, we conducted a narrative review aiming to better understand the data on the safety of the most efficacious “anti-COVID-19” nutraceuticals for patients with cancer. We conducted a PubMed database search aimed at identifying the most effective nutrients for use against COVID-19. For the identified nutraceuticals, we searched PubMed again regarding their safety for patients with cancer. Fifty-four total records (52 independent studies) were retrieved, pertaining to vitamin D, vitamin C, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc. Vitamin D results from 23 articles indicated safe use, but two articles indicated potential harm. All 14 articles for vitamin C and five out of six articles for selenium indicated the safety of use (one study for selenium suggested harm with high-dose supplementation). Results for omega-3 fatty acids (seven articles) and zinc (one article), however, were rather mixed regarding safety. We conclude that vitamin D, vitamin C, and selenium supplements are likely safe or even beneficial at typically recommended doses; however, caution is urged with omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and zinc supplements should likely be avoided. More experimental research is needed, and nutraceutical use by patients with cancer should always be under the supervision of a healthcare team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlen Stade Bader-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (K.S.B.-L.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Anne Larson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (K.S.B.-L.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (K.S.B.-L.); (E.A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3533-3671
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abed Alah M, Abdeen S, Kehyayan V, Bougmiza I. Impact of COVID-19 related home confinement measures on the lifestyle, body weight, and perceived glycemic control of diabetics. Metabol Open 2021; 12:100144. [PMID: 34734171 PMCID: PMC8553630 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with Diabetes Mellitus are at high risk of encountering COVID-19 infection and are more vulnerable to the negative repercussions of this infection. In this study we aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 related home confinement measures on physical activity, dietary habits, body weight and perceived glycemic control of adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Qatar. Methods A cross sectional web-based survey was conducted between January and February 2021 targeting adults ≥18 years with T2DM. Results Over 40% of the participants reported unhealthy dietary changes. We found a significant increase in the sitting/reclining, and screen times. One third of the participants reported weight gain, while one fifth reported poorer glycemic control since the start of home confinement measures. We found that reporting at least one unhealthy dietary change (p < 0.001) and being a female (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with reporting greater weight gain. Participants who reported five unhealthy dietary behaviours were more than seven times more likely to perceive poorer glycemic control during home confinement measures compared to those who did not report any unhealthy changes (OR: 7.27, 95%CI 1.60–33.5, p = 0.011). Conclusion Adults with T2DM experienced adverse lifestyle changes during COVID-19 related home confinement measures. Further research is needed to investigate the persistence of such changes in the post pandemic era. One third of the participants reported weight gain. Participants reported a significant increase in each of the sitting/reclining and screen times. The perceived glycemic control varied among the participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Alah
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sami Abdeen
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Iheb Bougmiza
- Community Medicine Department, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Sousse University, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the attendance and clinical outcomes of patients with ophthalmic disease: A mini-review. Metabol Open 2021; 12:100131. [PMID: 34604730 PMCID: PMC8474871 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 was followed by a rapid spread leading to its declaration as a pandemic in a short time. The transmission through aerosols and direct contact with infected individuals forced the application of strict safety protocols and rearrangements in the activities of different healthcare systems around the world. Ophthalmology healthcare workers are highly exposed to viral infection and therefore adjustments were made to ensure the safety of patients and health providers by performing only urgent treatments. The suspension and delay in regular follow-up visits and the lower number of patients recorded during the lockdown period due to restrictions and patient anxiety led to severe consequences in the clinical and anatomical outcome affecting the overall prognosis. The current review aims to summarize the effect of the lockdown policies in the number and profile of patients that attended the ophthalmology clinics from different countries and analyze the effect of the pandemic in terms of vision and patient functionality. The effects of the pandemic included a reduction in the number of appointments, cancellations of non-emergency conditions and delays of surgical interventions. These had a negative effect in terms of visual outcomes.
Collapse
|
44
|
Li M, Qian M, Kyler K, Xu J. Adipose Tissue-Endothelial Cell Interactions in Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:681581. [PMID: 34277732 PMCID: PMC8282205 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.681581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a strong impact on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, which raises enthusiasm to understand how excess adiposity causes vascular injury. Adipose tissue is an essential regulator of cardiovascular system through its endocrine and paracrine bioactive products. Obesity induces endothelial dysfunction, which often precedes and leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Connecting adipose tissue-endothelial cell interplay to endothelial dysfunction may help us to better understand obesity-induced cardiovascular disease. This Mini Review discussed (1) the general interactions and obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction, (2) potential targets, and (3) the outstanding questions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manna Li
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Ming Qian
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Kathy Kyler
- Office of Research Administration, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vallianou NG, Tsilingiris D, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela Ι, Dalamaga M. Anti-viral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection: A race against time amidst the ongoing pandemic. Metabol Open 2021; 10:100096. [PMID: 34056571 PMCID: PMC8143911 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir (GS-5734), a drug initially developed to treat hepatitis C and Ebola virus disease, was the first approved treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, apart from remdesivir, there is a paucity of other specific anti-viral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 2017, researchers had documented the anti-coronavirus potential of remdesivir in animal models. At the same time, trials performed during two Ebola outbreaks in Africa showed that the drug was safe. Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection have emerged at an enormously high speed, equivalent results from efforts towards the development of anti-viral drugs, which could have played a truly life-saving role in the current stage of the pandemic, have been stagnating. In this review, we will focus on the current treatment options for COVID-19 which mainly consist of repurposed agents or treatments conferring passive immunity (convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies). Additionally, potential specific anti-viral therapies under development will be reviewed, such as the decoy miniprotein CTC-445.2d, protease inhibitors, mainly against the Main protein Mpro, nucleoside analogs, such as molnupiravir and compounds blocking the replication transcription complex proteins, such as zotatifin and plitidepsin. These anti-viral agents seem to be very promising but still require meticulous clinical trial testing in order to establish their efficacy and safety. The continuous emergence of viral variants may pose a real challenge to the scientific community towards that end. In this context, the advent of nanobodies together with the potential administration of a combination of anti-viral drugs could serve as useful tools in the armamentarium against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 St Thomas street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ιrene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Inchingolo AM, Malcangi G, Santacroce L, D’Oria MT, Isacco CG, Bordea IR, Candrea S, Scarano A, Morandi B, Del Fabbro M, Farronato M, Tartaglia GM, Balzanelli MG, Ballini A, Nucci L, Lorusso F, Taschieri S, Inchingolo F. The 15-Months Clinical Experience of SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review of Therapies and Adjuvants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:881. [PMID: 34072708 PMCID: PMC8226610 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, with a daily increase in confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. COVID-19 presents flu-like symptoms that become severe in high-risk medically compromised subjects. The aim of this study was to perform an updated overview of the treatments and adjuvant protocols for COVID-19. METHODS A systematic literature search of databases was performed (MEDLINE PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) using the keywords: "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "coronavirus" and "SARS-CoV-2" (date range: 1 January 2019 to 31st October 2020), focused on clinical features and treatments. RESULTS The main treatments retrieved were antivirals, antimalarials, convalescent plasma, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and mesenchymal stem cells. Most of the described treatments may provide benefits to COVID-19 subjects, but no one protocol has definitively proven its efficacy. CONCLUSIONS While many efforts are being spent worldwide in research aimed at identifying early diagnostic methods and evidence-based effective treatments, mass vaccination is thought to be the best option against this disease in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Maria Teresa D’Oria
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
- Research at Human Stem Cells Research Center HSC, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
- Embryology and Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An, Hoi An 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sebastian Candrea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pedodontics, County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Morandi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Giosuè Balzanelli
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency-San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
AlSafar H, Grant WB, Hijazi R, Uddin M, Alkaabi N, Tay G, Mahboub B, Al Anouti F. COVID-19 Disease Severity and Death in Relation to Vitamin D Status among SARS-CoV-2-Positive UAE Residents. Nutrients 2021; 13:1714. [PMID: 34069412 PMCID: PMC8159141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient blood levels of the neurohormone vitamin D are associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Despite the global rollout of vaccinations and promising preliminary results, the focus remains on additional preventive measures to manage COVID-19. Results conflict on vitamin D's plausible role in preventing and treating COVID-19. We examined the relation between vitamin D status and COVID-19 severity and mortality among the multiethnic population of the United Arab Emirates. Our observational study used data for 522 participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at one of the main hospitals in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Only 464 of those patients were included for data analysis. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Serum samples immediately drawn at the first hospital visit were used to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations through automated electrochemiluminescence. Levels < 12 ng/mL were significantly associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection and of death. Age was the only other independent risk factor, whereas comorbidities and smoking did not contribute to the outcomes upon adjustment. Sex of patients was not an important predictor for severity or death. Our study is the first conducted in the UAE to measure 25(OH)D levels in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and confirm the association of levels < 12 ng/mL with COVID-19 severity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habiba AlSafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.); (G.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA;
| | - Rafiq Hijazi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Maimunah Uddin
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates; (M.U.); (N.A.)
| | - Nawal Alkaabi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates; (M.U.); (N.A.)
| | - Guan Tay
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.); (G.T.)
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Dubai Health Authority, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cross-National Variations in COVID-19 Mortality: The Role of Diet, Obesity and Depression. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020036. [PMID: 34066585 PMCID: PMC8161818 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by wide variations in mortality across nations. Some of this variability may be explained by medical comorbidities such as obesity and depression, both of which are strongly correlated with dietary practices such as levels of sugar and seafood consumption. Methods: COVID-19 mortality indices for 156 countries were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University’s data aggregator. Correlations between these variables and (a) per capita consumption of sugar and seafood, and (b) country-wise prevalence of depression and obesity were examined. Results: Sugar consumption (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and prevalence of obesity (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with crude mortality rates, while seafood consumption was negatively correlated with the infection fatality rate (r = −0.28, p = 0.015). These effects were significant even after correcting for potential confounders. The associations with depression and obesity remained significant upon multivariate regression. Conclusions: Both obesity and depression, which are associated with inflammatory dysregulation, may be related to cross-national variations in COVID-19 mortality, while seafood consumption may be protective. These findings have implications in terms of protecting vulnerable individuals during the current pandemic.
Collapse
|