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Guo H, Chen J, Jiang G, Mei Y, Gong Z, Liu M, Li J, Gan J. Determination of 14 Benzodiazepine Multiresidues in Aquaculture Environment by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2025; 30:775. [PMID: 40005088 PMCID: PMC11858797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 14 benzodiazepine (BDZ) multiresidues in aquaculture environmental water and sediment was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method uses an internal standard for quantification and achieves chromatographic separation and analysis within 11 min. The results of method validation showed that the recoveries of most analytes were in the range of 70-120% in water or sediment matrices, and the correlation coefficients of the 14 target chemistries were R2 > 0.99, with relative standard deviations (RSD) < 15%. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges of 0.002-0.01 μg/L and 0.01-0.03 μg/L for water and 0.01-0.5 μg/kg and 0.04-1 μg/kg for the sediment matrix. The method is simple and has high rapidity, high sensitivity, and low cost. It provides technical support for the simultaneous monitoring of BDZ residues in the aquaculture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Guo
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Z.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Guangjun Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;
| | - Yuqing Mei
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Z.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Z.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingdian Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Z.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Z.G.); (M.L.)
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Zhang YX, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Liu YJ, Ren A, Zhou Y, Shi D, Feng XS. Benzodiazepines in complex biological matrices: Recent updates on pretreatment and detection methods. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:442-462. [PMID: 37305786 PMCID: PMC10257149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are used in clinics for anxiolysis, anticonvulsants, sedative hypnosis, and muscle relaxation. They have high consumptions worldwide because of their easy availability and potential addiction. They are often used for suicide or criminal practices such as abduction and drug-facilitated sexual assault. The pharmacological effects of using small doses of BDZs and their detections from complex biological matrices are challenging. Efficient pretreatment methods followed by accurate and sensitive detections are necessary. Herein, pretreatment methods for the extraction, enrichment, and preconcentration of BDZs as well as the strategies for their screening, identification, and quantitation developed in the past five years have been reviewed. Moreover, recent advances in various methods are summarized. Characteristics and advantages of each method are encompassed. Future directions of the pretreatment and detection methods for BDZs are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ai Ren
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Du Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
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Affiliation(s)
- David Love
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
- 70113 Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20005-3967, USA
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Azooz EA, Al-Wani HSA, Gburi MS, Al-Muhanna EHB. Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (AALLME) is a procedure for sample preparation that has high recoveries and high preconcentration factors while using a small amount of extractants. This procedure has gained widespread acceptance among scientists due to a variety of advantages, including its easiness, being cheap, green, and available in most laboratories. The current review has focused on the analysis of medicines and organic compounds using various modes of AALLME. The use of various extractants and support factors were developed in many modes of AALLME. A review of literature revealed that the procedure is used as a powerful and efficient approach for extracting medicals and organic compounds. This review explained 12 different types of AALLME methods. The findings on the modifications of AALLME modes that have been published are summarized. Future directions are also being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebaa Adnan Azooz
- Chemistry Department, The Gifted Students’ School in Al-Najaf, Ministry of Education , Al-Najaf , Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University , Najaf , Iraq
| | | | - Muna Shakir Gburi
- Chemistry Department, The Gifted Students’ School in Al-Najaf, Ministry of Education , Al-Najaf , Iraq
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