1
|
Xing P, Diao H, Wang D, Zhou W, Tian J, Ma R. Identification, Pathogenicity, and Culture Conditions of a New Isolate of Cordyceps javanica (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) From Soil. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:98-107. [PMID: 36534984 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study decribes a highly effective insecticidal isolate of Cordyceps javanica (Frieder. & Bally) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) named IJ-tg19, which was isolated from soil. Spray bioassays were performed with IJ-tg19 on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) adults, third-instar nymphs of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and third-instar larvae of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to determine the pathogenicity of the isolate. The corrected mortality rates for all three pests were 100% when the conidia concentration was 1 × 106 conidia/ml, the lowest concentration in this study, and the median survival times (MST) were 4, 4, and 3 d. The MST shortens with increasing conidia concentration. The effects of laboratory culture conditions on the sporulation and growth of the isolate were also studied. This isolate had the greatest conidia production and fastest growth rate on malt extract agar medium at 25°C. The amount of conidia produced had positive correlation to light duration, with the highest production at 24 hr light. The growth of mycelium can adapt to a moderately alkaline environment, but the optimum conidial production occurred at the pH of 7. Our finding and research will be useful in biocontrol programs that are considering using the new isolate of C. javanica against greenhouse pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Xing
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Hongliang Diao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Life Sciences, Lvliang University, Lvliang, 033001, China
| | - Ruiyan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan J, Liu H, Idrees A, Chen F, Lu H, Ouyang G, Meng X. First Record of Aspergillus fijiensis as an Entomopathogenic Fungus against Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1222. [PMID: 36422043 PMCID: PMC9697456 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the most widespread and devastating pest species in citrus orchards and is the natural vector of the phloem-limited bacterium that causes Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Thus, reducing the population of D. citri is an important means to prevent the spread of HLB disease. Due to the long-term use of chemical control, biological control has become the most promising strategy. In this study, a novel highly pathogenic fungal strain was isolated from naturally infected cadavers of adult D. citri. The species was identified as Aspergillus fijiensis using morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis and assigned the strain name GDIZM-1. Tests to detect aflatoxin B1 demonstrated that A. fijiensis GDIZM-1 is a non-aflatoxin B1 producer. The pathogenicity of the strain against D. citri was determined under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results of the laboratory study indicated that nymphs from the 1st to 5th instar and adults of D. citri were infected by A. fijiensis GDIZM-1. The mortality of nymphs and adults of D. citri caused by infection with A. fijiensis increased with the concentration of the conidial suspension and exposure time, and the median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal time (LT50) values gradually decreased. The mortality of D. citri for all instars was higher than 70%, with high pathogenicity at the 7th day post treatment with 1 × 108 conidia/mL. The results of the greenhouse pathogenicity tests showed that the survival of D. citri adults was 3.33% on the 14th day post-treatment with 1 × 108 conidia/mL, which was significantly lower than that after treatment with the Metarhizium anisopliae GDIZMMa-3 strain and sterile water. The results of the present study revealed that the isolate of A. fijiensis GDIZM-1 was effective against D. citri and it provides a basis for the development of a new microbial pesticide against D. citri after validation of these results in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Atif Idrees
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Fenghao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huilin Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Gecheng Ouyang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Identification of a Cordyceps fumosorosea Fungus Isolate and Its Pathogenicity against Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040374. [PMID: 35447816 PMCID: PMC9031585 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Some entomopathogenic fungi are highly pathogenic to Diaphorina citri, which is the mainly transmitting vector of CLas. In our study, we isolated an entomopathogenic fungus strain from an adult cadaver of D. citri. The isolate was identified as Cordyceps fumosorosea, based on morphology and ITS sequence analysis, and named C. fumosorosea SCAU-CFDC01. We further evaluated its pathogenicity against D. citri nymphs and adults under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The laboratory results showed that C. fumosorosea SCAU-CFDC01 was most pathogenic to young nymphs, followed by old nymphs and adults. Furthermore, the results on greenhouse experiments revealed that C. fumosorosea SCAU-CFDC01 not only had high pathogenicity against nymphs, but also had serious negative effects on adults from nymphs treated, including emergence rate of adults and female longevity. Our results showed C. fumosorosea SCAU-CFDC01 was highly pathogenic to D. citri, and these findings will facilitate mycoparasite development for biological control of D. citri. Abstract Diaphorina citri is the mainly transmitting vector of the citrus huanglongbing pathogen, which causes severe losses in in the citrus industry. In this study, we isolated a new entomopathogenic fungus, identified as member of Cordyceps fumosorosea based on morphology and ITS sequence analysis. We named C. fumosorosea SCAU-CFDC01 and evaluated its pathogenicity against D. citri nymphs and adults by immersion under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that SCAU-CFDC01 was most pathogenic to young nymphs, followed by old nymphs and adults. The LC50 values of the fungus on nymphs and adults showed a declining trend over a 2–7-day period after inoculation. The LT50 (lethal time for a certain concentration to cause 50% mortality) values also presented a decreasing trend along with increasing conidia concentrations. For the results on greenhouse experiments, when 3rd and 5th instar nymphs were inoculated with 1 × 105 conidia mL−1, the survival rate of nymphs were lower, and the emergence rate of adults and female longevity was significantly reduced compared with the control. However, there were no significant effects on sex ratio of adults and male longevity. Our results showed SCAU-CFDC01 was highly pathogenic to D. citri, and may promote mycoparasite development for biological control of D. citri.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ou D, Ren LM, -Liu Y, Ali S, Wang XM, Ahmed MZ, Qiu BL. Compatibility and Efficacy of the Parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps javanica for Biological Control of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10120425. [PMID: 31775366 PMCID: PMC6956003 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological control is an effective method for whitefly management compared to the potential problems caused by chemical control, including environmental pollution and the development of resistance. Combined use of insect parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi has shown high efficiency in Bemisia tabaci control. Here, we assessed the impacts of an entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps javanica, on the parasitism rate of a dominant whitefly parasitoid, Eretmocerus hayati, and for the first time also compared their separate and combined potential in the suppression of B. tabaci under semi-field conditions. Six conidial concentrations of C. javanica (1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia/mL) were used to assess its pathogenicity to the pupae and adults of E. hayati. Results showed that the mortality of E. hayati increased with higher concentrations of C. javanica, but these higher concentrations of fungus had low pathogenicity to both the E. hayati pupae (2.00–28.00% mortality) and adults (2.67–34.00% mortality) relative to their pathogenicity to B. tabaci nymphs (33.33–92.68%). Bioassay results indicated that C. javanica was harmless (LC50 = 3.91 × 1010) and slightly harmful (LC50 = 5.56 × 109) to the pupae and adults of E. hayati respectively on the basis of IOBC criteria, and that E. hayati could parasitize all nymphal instars of B. tabaci that were pretreated with C. javanica, with its rate of parasitism being highest on second-instar nymphs (62.03%). Interestingly, the parasitoids from second and third-instar B. tabaci nymphs infected with C. javanica had progeny with increased longevity and developmental periods. Moreover, experimental data from 15 day semi-field studies indicate that combined application of C. javanica and E. hayati suppresses B. tabaci with higher efficiency than individual applications of both agents. Therefore, combined applications of C. javanica (1 × 108 conidia/mL) and E. hayati is a more effective and compatible biological control strategy for management of B. tabaci than using either of them individually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (D.O.); (Y.-L.); (S.A.); (X.-M.W.)
| | - Li-Mei Ren
- School of Resources and Environment Sciences, Baoshan University, Baoshan 678000, China;
| | - Yuan -Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (D.O.); (Y.-L.); (S.A.); (X.-M.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (D.O.); (Y.-L.); (S.A.); (X.-M.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xing-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (D.O.); (Y.-L.); (S.A.); (X.-M.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Muhammad Z. Ahmed
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, 1911 SW 34th Street, Gainesville, FL 32614-7100, USA;
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong province, Guangzhou 510640, China; (D.O.); (Y.-L.); (S.A.); (X.-M.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8528-3717
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong ZF, Zhou XJ, Lin JB, Liu XJ, Shao J, Zhong BL, Peng T. Effects of leaf colorness, pigment contents and allelochemicals on the orientation of the Asian citrus psyllid among four Rutaceae host plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:254. [PMID: 31195973 PMCID: PMC6567656 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is the primary vector responsible for the transmission of the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp., associated with huanglongbing (HLB), which causes great loss to the citrus industry. Although the roles of leaf color and volatile compounds in the orientation of ACP have been proven, the quantification of color and allelochemicals in the host plant are kept unclear, especially in wild citrus germplasms. RESULTS Chongyi wild mandarin significantly attracted more ACP than wild Hong Kong kumquat, 'Gannan zao' navel orange and orange jasmine did in the four-choice and olfactometer assays. The color parameters of the tender leaves from Chongyi wild mandarin and 'Gannan zao' were similar. The yellow color in both of them was less saturated than that of the other two plants species, but Chongyi wild mandarin had significant lower carotenoid content (P < 0.05). Notably metabolic profiling differences were observed among the healthy tender shoots from the four tested plants via UPLC-QQQ-MS and GC-MS analyses. Comparing with the other three plant species, 66 and 50 metabolites with significantly different contents in Chongyi wild mandarin were selected as UPLC-identified and GC-identified metabolites of interest (P < 0.05), respectively. Flavonoids accounted for a large group of secondary metabolites of interest, which may function as stimulants or repellents of ACP. Higher content of salicylic acid o-hexoside and lower content of (+)-jasmonic acid in Chongyi wild mandarin may lead to higher amount of methyl salicylate (an ACP attractant) and lower amount of trans-ocimene (an attractant to herbivores' natural enemies) as well as the suppression of JA-mediated wounding response. This kind of synergistic or antagonistic effect among the metabolites differentially accumulated in Chongyi wild mandarin made it a more attractive host plant to ACP. CONCLUSIONS Less saturated yellow color, high amount of attractants, low amount of repellents and insensitivity of JA-mediated wounding response are the four possible reasons why Chongyi wild mandarin attracted more ACP. This work may shed light on the olfactory and visual response of ACP to wild citrus germplasm hosts, and suggest the feasibility of developing ACP attractants or repellents patterned on potential metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Fa Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhou
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bei Lin
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xin-Jun Liu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jia Shao
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ba-Lian Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ting Peng
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ou D, Zhang LH, Guo CF, Chen XS, Ali S, Qiu BL. Identification of a new Cordyceps javanica fungus isolate and its toxicity evaluation against Asian citrus psyllid. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00760. [PMID: 30421866 PMCID: PMC6562118 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the most serious pest of citrus worldwide. It acts as a vector for a group of phloem‐limited bacteria (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) that causes Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Thus, D. citri management is an important strategy against HLB, and biological control is currently considered as the most effective method because of the unsustainable and negative side effects of chemical control. Here, we isolated a new strain of entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps javanica (GZQ‐1), from one cadaver of D. citri adult based on its morphological and phylogenetic data. Five conidial concentrations of the C. javanica pathogen (1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, and 1 × 107 conidia/ml) were assessed against six life stages of D. citri (1st‐5th instar nymphs and adults). Results showed that C. javanica GZQ‐1 was highly pathogenic to D. citri nymphs (69.49%–90.87% mortality) and adults (69.98% mortality). The LC50 and LT50 values of C. javanica against 1st‐2nd instar (younger), 3rd‐4th instar (middle aged), 5th instar (older), and adults were 1.20 × 105, 1.10 × 106, 4.47 × 106, 8.12 × 106 conidia/ml and 4.25, 4.51, 5.17, 5.49 days, respectively. Moreover, glasshouse experiments indicated that this C. javanica GZQ‐1 caused higher infection rates of D. citri adults compared to two other fungal strains we previously isolated in the laboratory, Cordyceps fumosorosea (IF010) and Metarhizium anisopliae (CNGD7).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qasim M, Lin Y, Dash CK, Bamisile BS, Ravindran K, Islam SU, Ali H, Wang F, Wang L. Temperature-dependent development of Asian citrus psyllid on various hosts, and mortality by two strains of Isaria. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|