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Yu W, Sun Q, Xu H, Zhou X. Integrating Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Comprehensively Analyze Phytohormone Regulatory Mechanisms in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. Under UV-B Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1545. [PMID: 40004012 PMCID: PMC11855671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
In order to fully elucidate the roles and systems of phytohormones in UV-B radiation (UV-B) leaves of the Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. (R. chrysanthum), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of how R. chrysanthum protects itself against UV-B using transcriptomic and metabolomic data. Transcript and metabolite profiles were generated by a combination of deep sequencing and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), respectively. Combined with physiological and biochemical assays, we studied compound accumulation, biosynthesis and expression of signaling genes of seven hormones and the effects of hormones on plant photosynthesis. The findings indicate that during leaf defense against UV-B, photosynthesis declined, the photosynthetic system was impaired and the concentration of salicylic acid (SA) hormones increased, whereas the contents of cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxin, jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellins (GAs) continued to decrease. Finally, correlation tests between hormone content and genes were analyzed, and genes closely related to leaf resistance to UV-B were identified in seven pathways. These results will expand our understanding of the hormonal regulatory mechanisms of plant resistance to UV-B and at the same time lay the foundation for plant resistance to adversity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaofu Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
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Wu M, Liang X, Liu Y, Wu C, An X, Zhao Z, Hao G, Gregory IO, Li Z, Chen Q. Mechanisms underlying the effects of cyanogenesis on development and reproduction of Tetranychus urticae: Insights from enzyme activity and gene expression aspects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 290:117523. [PMID: 39671764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
Cyanogenic plants can release toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to defend against herbivory by hydrolyzing the cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) with its β-glucosidases (β-GLUs). Numerous studies have speculated this CNG-mediated toxicity by a plant-pest interaction manner. However, the specific toxic effect of HCN was not well-demonstrated because of the interference of other ingested metabolites. Additionally, the physiological- and biochemical-based mode of action of HCN were seldom determined. To fill those knowledge gaps, the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae, was used as a model organism to elucidate the toxic mechanism of HCN. In addition, three CNG-enzyme combinations were screened for effective cyanogenesis and TSSM lethality. Linamarin-β-GLU (lima bean-derived) presented prompt HCN release, and molecular docking indicated higher binding energy and more robust binding sites compared with other two groups, i.e., lotaustralin-β-GLU (lima bean-derived) and amygdalin-β-GLU (almond-derived). Meanwhile, this combination led to higher TSSM mortality. Moreover, we found that the median lethal concentration of this combination will significantly prolong the developmental duration, and decrease the longevity and fecundity of TSSM. Besides, the population growth was also significantly suppressed. Furthermore, the sustainable activation of enzyme activity and the encoding gene expression related to physiological process such as detoxification (cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and β-cyanoalanine synthase), antioxidation (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase), neural transduction (acetylcholinesterase) and respiration (cytochrome c oxidase) were attributed to the detrimental impact on development and reproduction of TSSM. The present findings can provide insight regarding reasonable utilization of toxic chemicals in pest management and creation of novel pest-resistant germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeng Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Chunling Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Xingkui An
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Guifeng Hao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Ijiti Oluwole Gregory
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572000, China.
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Kanwal B, Tanwir S, Ahmad F, Ahmad JN. Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid improved resistance against Spodoptera frugiperda Infestation in maize by modulating growth and regulating redox homeostasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16823. [PMID: 39039220 PMCID: PMC11263373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring host plant resistance and elevating plant defense mechanisms through the application of exogenous elicitors stands as a promising strategy for integrated pest management. The fall armyworm, a pernicious menace to grain crops in tropical and subtropical regions, stands as a formidable threat due to its capacity for devastation and a wide-ranging spectrum of host plants. There is no literature regarding artificially induced resistance in maize against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) by exogenous application of phytohormones. The present investigation was performed to evaluate the role of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on two maize hybrids namely FH-1046 and YH-1898 against fall armyworm. Results showed that plant height, biomass and lengths, fresh and dry weight of root shoot which decreased with armyworm infestation improved with phytohormonal application. JA treatment resulted in a higher increase in all attributes as compared to SA treatment. Improvement in relative water contents, photosynthetic pigments and pronounced levels of phenol and proline accumulation were observed in infested plants after JA treatment. Infested plants recovered from oxidative stress as JA application activated and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in both FH-1046 and YH-1898 . The oxidative stress reduction in infested plants after JA treatment was also evident from a fair decrease in MDA and H2O2 in both varieties. The SA and JA mediated genes expression was studied and it was found that in FH1046 maize cultivar, JA dependent genes, particularly marker genes PR1 and Lox5 were highly expressed along with TPS10 and BBT12. Whereas SPI, WRKY28, ICS and PAL were shown to be activated upon SA application. Evidently, both JA and SA elicited a robust defensive response within the maize plants against the voracious S. frugiperda, which in consequence exerted a discernible influence over the pest's developmental trajectory and physiological dynamics. A decrease in detoxification enzyme activity of the insects was observed after feeding on treated plants. Moreover, it was recorded that the survival and weight gain of FAW feeding on phytohormone treated maize plants also decelerated. In conclusion, FH-1046 was found to be more tolerant than YH-1898 against fall armyworm infestation and 1 mM JA was more effective than 1 mM SA for alleviation of fall armyworm stress. Therefore, it was inferred that phytohormones regulated redox homeostasis to circumvent oxidative damage and mediate essential metabolic events in maize under stress. To our current understanding, this study is the very first presentation of induced resistance in maize against S. frugiperda with the phytohormonal application (JA and SA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilqees Kanwal
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Shen R, Hussain K, Liu N, Li J, Yu J, Zhao J, Li W, Yang S. Ecotoxicity of Cadmium along the Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm System: Biotransfer, Trophic Accumulation, Plant Growth, Induction of Insect Detoxification Enzymes, and Immunocompetence. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14326-14336. [PMID: 38870410 PMCID: PMC11212622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous element that may jeopardize environmental safety and human health through biotransfer and trophic accumulation. Here, we tested Cd toxicity on cotton plants, cotton bollworms, and their responses. Results demonstrated that Cd accumulated in plant roots, aerial parts, insect larvae, pupae, and frass in a dose-dependent pattern. The ∼9.35 mg kg-1 of Cd in plant aerial parts, ∼3.68 in larvae, ∼6.43 in pupae, and high transfer coefficient (∼5.59) indicate significant mobility. The ∼19.61 mg kg-1 of Cd in larvae frass suggests an effective detoxification strategy, while BAFcotton (∼1.14) and BAFworm (∼0.54) indicated low bioaccumulation. Cadmium exposure resulted in compromised plant growth and yield as well as alterations in photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and certain life history traits of cotton bollworms. Furthermore, carboxylesterase activity and encapsulation rates of insect larvae decreased with increasing Cd concentrations, whereas acetylcholinesterase, phenol oxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and multifunctional oxidase exhibited hormesis responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Shen
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal
University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Khateeb Hussain
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal
University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal
University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jie Li
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal
University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal
University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal
University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal
University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal
University, Wuhu 241002, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem
in Wanjing Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
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Darrag HM, Ghazzawy HS, Nasser Alzain M, Hakami EH, Almuhanna HT, Alqahtani NK. Exploring Ocimum basilicum's Secondary Metabolites: Inhibition and Molecular Docking against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus for Optimal Action. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:491. [PMID: 38498430 PMCID: PMC10892409 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The objective of our work is to create a practical procedure to produce in vitro cell suspensions of O. basilicum and to ascertain the factors that encourage enhanced secondary metabolite production. We investigated the impact of these metabolites on Rhynchophorus ferrugineus's adult and larval target enzymes. The explants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 0.1 to 1 mg/L plant growth regulators (PGRs) to create calluses. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin, 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butryic acid (IBA) at 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, and 1 mg/L, respectively, with 3% sucrose led to the highest biomass accumulation. In cell suspensions, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were 39.68 and 5.49 mg/g DW, respectively, with abiotic Verticillium dahliae as an activator. Rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, nepetoidin A and B, salvigenin, and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside as flavonoids and phenolics were analyzed using UPLC-I TQD MS, with the highest concentrations reached after 40 days. The extract demonstrates insecticidal activity against the fourth-instar larvae of R. ferrugineus, with adults at 1197 µg/mL and 12.5 µg/larvae as LC50 and LD50 values. The extract inhibited acetylcholine esterase (AChE), acid phosphatases (ACPs), alkaline phosphatases (ALPs), and gamma-aminobutyric acid-transaminase (GABA-T) in larval tissue in vitro, with IC50 values of 124.2, 149.3, 157.8, and 204.8 µg/mL, and in vivo, with IC50 values of 157.2, 179.4, 185.3, and 241.6 µg/mL, after 24 h. Pure compounds identified the activity of the extract, showing the inhibition of AChE, ACPs, ALPs, and GABA-T with IC50 values ˂ 200 µg/mL (in vitro). The ABMET examination revealed good oral permeability, and docking tests showed that the compounds bind AChE, ACPs, ALPs, and GABA-T. These findings show that a green bioprocessing method such as an O. basilicum cell suspension is a quick and straightforward technique for producing phenolic compounds, and it may be used to develop sustainable bio-insecticides and new green procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Moustafa Darrag
- Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (E.H.H.); (H.T.A.)
- Pesticide Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Hesham S. Ghazzawy
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.G.); (N.K.A.)
- Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Mashail Nasser Alzain
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emadaldeen Hamad Hakami
- Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (E.H.H.); (H.T.A.)
| | - Hani Taher Almuhanna
- Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (E.H.H.); (H.T.A.)
| | - Nashi K. Alqahtani
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.G.); (N.K.A.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liang X, Wu C, Liu X, Wu M, Yao X, Qiao Y, Zhan X, Chen Q. Exogenous methyl jasmonate induced cassava defense response and enhanced resistance to Tetranychus urticae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:45-60. [PMID: 36635606 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could activate plant defense response against the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, in different plants. However, whether MeJA can also serve as an elicitor in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) remains unknown. In this study, induced defense responses were investigated in TSSM-resistant cassava variety C1115 and TSSM-susceptible cassava variety KU50 when applied with MeJA. The performance of TSSM feeding on cassava plants that were pre-treated with various concentrations of MeJA was first evaluated. Subsequently, the activities of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), detoxification enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase) and digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and invertase) in TSSM were analyzed at days 1, 2, 4 and 8 post-feeding. The results showed that MeJA treatment can induce cassava defense responses to TSSM in terms of reducing egg production and adult longevity as well as slowing development and prolonging the egg stage. Noticeably, C1115 exhibited stronger inhibition of TSSM development and reproduction than KU50. In addition, the activities of all the tested enzymes were induced in both C1115 and KU50, the most in C1115. We conclude that exogenous methyl jasmonate can induce cassava defense responses and enhance resistance to TSSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering / Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Xiao Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Chunling Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Mufeng Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xiaowen Yao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yang Qiao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xue Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering / Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, 572000, China.
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Biodegradation of Free Gossypol by Helicoverpa armigera Carboxylesterase Expressed in Pichia pastoris. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120816. [PMID: 36548713 PMCID: PMC9788223 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypol is a polyphenolic toxic secondary metabolite derived from cotton. Free gossypol in cotton meal is remarkably harmful to animals. Furthermore, microbial degradation of gossypol produces metabolites that reduce feed quality. We adopted an enzymatic method to degrade free gossypol safely and effectively. We cloned the gene cce001a encoding carboxylesterase (CarE) into pPICZαA and transformed it into Pichia pastoris GS115. The target protein was successfully obtained, and CarE CCE001a could effectively degrade free gossypol with a degradation rate of 89%. When esterase was added, the exposed toxic groups of gossypol reacted with different amino acids and amines to form bound gossypol, generating substances with (M + H) m/z ratios of 560.15, 600.25, and 713.46. The molecular formula was C27H28O13, C34H36N2O6, and C47H59N3O3. The observed instability of the hydroxyl groups caused the substitution and shedding of the group, forming a substance with m/z of 488.26 and molecular formula C31H36O5. These properties render the CarE CCE001a a valid candidate for the detoxification of cotton meal. Furthermore, the findings help elucidate the degradation process of gossypol in vitro.
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Zhan X, Liu Y, Liang X, Wu C, Liu X, Shui J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen Q. Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Depresses Performance and Alters Activities of Protective, Detoxification and Digestive Enzymes of Green Peach Aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)]. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 36545895 PMCID: PMC9772818 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a phytohormone that has been used to artificially induce plant resistance against multiple arthropod herbivores. However, it is still uncertain whether MeJA can trigger pepper plant resistance against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (green peach aphid, GPA). In this study, we assessed the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mM) of MeJA-treated pepper on the development and reproduction performance of GPA to identify an appropriate concentration for vigorous resistance enhancement. MeJA dose was applied on the pepper to investigate the changes in activities of protective enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD and polyphenol oxidase, PPO), detoxification enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, AchE; glutathione S-transferase, GSTs; cytocrome P450, CYP450, and carboxylesterase, CarE), and digestive enzymes (protease, PRO and amylase, AMY) in GPA. The results showed that all concentrations of MeJA-treated pepper significantly suppressed GPA performance, wherein 0.2 mM was the optimal concentration, as it presented the lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), and the highest population doubling time (Dt) values. Furthermore, the protective enzymes (SOD and CAT), detoxification enzymes (GSTs, CYP450, and CarE), and AMY activities increased significantly in MeJA-treated groups than the control group, while the POD and PPO activities were remarkly inhibited under 0.2 mM treatment. These findings indicate that exogenous spraying of 0.2 mM of MeJA significantly enhanced pepper resistance against GPA. The result of this study suggests MeJA application can be used as a promising strategy in integrative management of this insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Liu
- Corresponding author, e-mail: (Q.C.), (Y.L.), (X.L.)
| | - Xiao Liang
- Corresponding author, e-mail: (Q.C.), (Y.L.), (X.L.)
| | - Chunling Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jun Shui
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Corresponding author, e-mail: (Q.C.), (Y.L.), (X.L.)
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