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Li X, Jing R, Li X, Wang Z. Evaluation of macular neovascularization activity in pathological myopia: a comparison between optical coherence tomography and OCT-angiography. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1166271. [PMID: 37780554 PMCID: PMC10538537 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1166271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to suggest a novel approach to assessing the activity of macular neovascularization (MNV) in pathological myopia (PM) by comparing optical coherence tomography (OCT) with OCT-angiography (OCT-A). Methods The Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 was used to obtain OCT and OCT-A images of PM-MNV. The objective was to examine the characteristics of PM-MNV lesions and investigate the relationship between PM-MNV activity and changes in retinal structure in 54 patients (54 eyes). To analyze the OCT parameters associated with PM-MNV activity and their clinical significance in terms of sensitivity and specificity, we used OCT-A as a reference. Results This study included 72 patients (72 eyes), of whom 54 had good image quality and were considered for analysis. The study evaluated various OCT characteristics of MNV lesions, including the elevation of an external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoidal zone (EZ), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevation, and EZ/RPE interruption, to identify possible parameters associated with PM-MNV activity. The interobserver consistency was found to be almost perfect. In the evaluation of PM-MNV activity, the sensitivity of ELM elevation, EZ interruption, and RPE interruption was found to be 66.7% (low), 88.4% (high), and 95.6% (high), respectively. However, the specificity was found to be 71.4% (moderate), 71.4% (moderate), and 25.4% (poor), respectively. This indicates that the current evaluation methods are not accurately assessing PM-MNV activity. We developed a new comprehensive method that used EZ interruption as the primary parameter and ELM elevation and RPE interruption as secondary parameters to evaluate PM-MNV activity with a sensitivity of 97.8% and a specificity of 85.4%. Conclusion In PM-MNV, a novel comprehensive diagnostic method combining EZ interruption, ELM elevation, and RPE interruption might be a valuable indicator to evaluate PM-MNV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixia Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Mishra A, Pattnaik L, Mishra S, Panigrahi PK, Mohanty S. Assessment of changes in optic disc parameters and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in myopic patients and its correlation with axial length and degree of myopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:4343-4348. [PMID: 36453342 PMCID: PMC9940592 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1229_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to assess the changes in optic disc and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters in myopic patients and its correlation with axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out from August 2019 to September 2021 in the ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. Myopic patients in the age group of 20-40 years and SE between - 0.5 to - 10 Diopters (D) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of degree of myopia and AL. Appropriate statistical analysis was done at the end of the study period. Results The study included 307 eyes of 307 myopic patients. There were 181 females (58.96%) and 126 males (41.04%). The mean age of the patients enrolled for the study was 28.78 ± 5.76 years. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was found between SE and AL in between the subgroups of A and B. With every 1 D increase in SE, the average peripapillary RNFL thickness decreased by 0.61 μ while with every 1 mm increase in AL, the average peripapillary RNFL thickness was found to reduce by 1.03 μ. Conclusion Analysis of optic nerve head parameters and RNFL thickness by OCT for the diagnosis should be compared with a normative control group that has been matched for refractive error and AL instead of comparison with a normative database that has only been age matched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mishra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lolly Pattnaik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Suchismita Mishra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Pradeep Kumar Panigrahi, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (deemed to be) University, 8-Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India. E-mail:
| | - Smaraki Mohanty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Snezhana M, Georgi B. OCT Results in Myopia: Diagnostic Difficulties in Clinical Practice? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123430. [PMID: 35743500 PMCID: PMC9224758 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a modern, non-invasive technique for examining the posterior segment of the eye in vivo. The quality of images is crucial for the diagnostic process. Despite good image quality and high signal strength, we still obtain images with less relevant diagnostic data, especially in relation to RNFL and GCL thickness in myopic and hyperopic eyes. Aim: To evaluate the change of RNFL, GCL thickness and rim and disk areas in myopic eyes that underwent OCT examination before and after refractive correction with contact lenses or glasses. Method: A prospective cross-sectional pilot study included 43 eyes in 22 patients with myopia and hyperopia, with or without astigmatism. Patients were examined using OCT with and without contact lenses or glasses. Results: RNFL thickness, GCL thickness, rim area and disk area average and minimum values were significantly changed after correction with glasses or contact lenses. Conclusion: Myopic patients with greater than −2.50 D have to be examined using OCT with their contact lens or glasses corrections in the case of borderline data. Uncorrected myopic eyes show a thinner RNFL and GCL and smaller disk areas, which may mislead ophthalmologists.
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Li Y, Zheng F, Foo LL, Wong QY, Ting D, Hoang QV, Chong R, Ang M, Wong CW. Advances in OCT Imaging in Myopia and Pathologic Myopia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061418. [PMID: 35741230 PMCID: PMC9221645 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) technology, including the development of swept source OCT/OCTA, widefield or ultra-widefield systems, have greatly improved the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of myopia and myopia-related complications. Anterior segment OCT is useful for imaging the anterior segment of myopes, providing the basis for implantable collamer lens optimization, or detecting intraocular lens decentration in high myopic patients. OCT has enhanced imaging of vitreous properties, and measurement of choroidal thickness in myopic eyes. Widefield OCT systems have greatly improved the visualization of peripheral retinal lesions and have enabled the evaluation of wide staphyloma and ocular curvature. Based on OCT imaging, a new classification system and guidelines for the management of myopic traction maculopathy have been proposed; different dome-shaped macula morphologies have been described; and myopia-related abnormalities in the optic nerve and peripapillary region have been demonstrated. OCTA can quantitatively evaluate the retinal microvasculature and choriocapillaris, which is useful for the early detection of myopic choroidal neovascularization and the evaluation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in these patients. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence in OCT/OCTA imaging in myopia has achieved promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Feihui Zheng
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Li Lian Foo
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Qiu Ying Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Daniel Ting
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Quan V. Hoang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rachel Chong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Cheng D, Ruan K, Wu M, Qiao Y, Gao W, Lian H, Shen M, Bao F, Yang Y, Zhu J, Huang H, Meng X, Shen L, Ye Y. Characteristics of the Optic Nerve Head in Myopic Eyes Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:20. [PMID: 35731511 PMCID: PMC9233286 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the characteristics of the optic nerve head (ONH) in myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods Participants were divided into three groups according to the axial length (AL). The optic disc morphology, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD), optic disc tilt, rotation, Bruch's membrane opening distance (BMOD), border length (BL), border tissue angle, focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defects, β- and γ-zone peripapillary atrophy (PPA), microvasculature dropout (MvD), choroidal thickness (CT), and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were compared. Linear regression analysis evaluated relationships between spherical equivalent, AL, and ONH parameters. Results One hundred five, 98, and 118 eyes were included in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. With AL increasing, the mean, superior and temporal CT, central mean and temporal, pericentral mean, inferior and nasal RPC VD, and temporal CVI decreased, whereas the mean and temporal RNFL thickness, optic disc, RIM and β-PPA area, presence and area of γ-PPA, BMOD and BL increased. Compared to other groups, group 3 depicted a larger cup area, more focal LC defect and total and juxtapapillary MvD; a lower central superior, inferior and nasal, pericentral superior, and temporal RPC VD. Group 1 demonstrated more tilted disc, larger inferior and nasal CT, mean, superior, inferior, and nasal CVI. Conclusions Myopia eyes have larger ONH changes, PPAs, regional RNFL, and MvD, but smaller regional CTs, RPC VD, and CVIs. SS-OCT may be useful in detecting ONH variations during myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiming Ruan
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhui Wu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilin Qiao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqian Gao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengli Lian
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangjun Bao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizeng Yang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiying Huang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yasir ZH, Mittal J, Singh AK. Nomogram of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in myopic eyes of north Indian population. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:458-464. [PMID: 35086216 PMCID: PMC9023955 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_767_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate peripapillary-RNFL thickness in myopia by Cirrus OCT among north Indian population by spherical equivalent (SE), age, gender, and axial length (AL). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study held during 2019–2020. Patients aged 18–60 years underwent ophthalmic examination including retinoscopy, AL, and OCT RNFL thickness. Persons with previous ocular surgery or ocular ailment other than refractive error were excluded. The peripapillary-RNFL thickness was noted and compared by demographic determinants. Results: We examined 300 eyes of 300 persons (mean age: 30.75 ± 8.57 years; 144 males/156 females). Among them, 224 were myopes and 76 were emmetropes (EM). The mean SE was − 3.3 ± 0.4D (range: −11.0D to + 0.37D). The mean AL was 24.61 ± 1.92 mm (22.1–29.5). Overall temporal, nasal, superior, inferior, and mean peripapillary-RNFL thickness was 66.31 ± 7.58, 78.57 ± 16.00, 120.63 ± 11.69, 116.60 ± 15.80, and 95.50 ± 10.84 mm, respectively. Temporal, nasal, superior, inferior, and mean peripapillary-RNFL thickness was 73.97 ± 8.36, 94.84 ± 7.63, 127.96 ± 8.96, 136.89 ± 6.53, and 108.34 ± 6.28 mm, respectively, in EM eyes as compared to 63.71 ± 6.18, 73.05 ± 14.24, 118.21 ± 11.53, 109.71 ± 11.50, and 91.14 ± 8.31 mm, respectively, in myopic eyes (P < 0.001). Association of peripapillary-RNFL thickness with myopia and its different grades was P < 0.001. Association of mean peripapillary-RNFL thickness with age was P > 0.005 and gender was P = 0.168. Correlation between SE and RNFL thickness was positive and significant. Correlation between AL and RNFL thickness was negative but statistically significant. Association of AL with SE was P < 0.001. Conclusion: We provide normative peripapillary-RNFL thickness in the north Indian population in order to help in screening for myopia with comorbidity such as glaucoma based on RNFL thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaul H Yasir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jimmy Mittal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok K Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Factors Associated with Changes in Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness in Healthy Myopic Eyes. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2021:3462004. [PMID: 34987866 PMCID: PMC8723879 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3462004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopic people face an elevated risk of primary open angle glaucoma. Changes in the fundus in people with high myopia often lead to misdiagnosis of glaucoma, as this condition has many clinical signs in common with myopia, making the diagnosis of glaucoma more challenging. Compared to reduction of the visual field, a decrease in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness occurs earlier in glaucoma, which is widely considered useful for distinguishing between these conditions. With the development of optical coherence tomography (OCT), RNFL thickness can be measured with good reproducibility. According to previous studies, this variable is not only affected by axial length but also related to the patient's age, gender, ethnicity, optic disc area, and retinal blood flow in myopia. Herein, we intend to summarize the factors relevant to the RNFL in myopia to reduce the false-positive rate of glaucoma diagnosis and facilitate early prevention of myopia.
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Laíns I, Wang JC, Cui Y, Katz R, Vingopoulos F, Staurenghi G, Vavvas DG, Miller JW, Miller JB. Retinal applications of swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100951. [PMID: 33516833 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) revolutionized both clinical assessment and research of vitreoretinal conditions. Since then, extraordinary advances have been made in this imaging technology, including the relatively recent development of swept-source OCT (SS-OCT). SS-OCT enables a fast scan rate and utilizes a tunable swept laser, thus enabling the incorporation of longer wavelengths than conventional spectral-domain devices. These features enable imaging of larger areas with reduced motion artifact, and a better visualization of the choroidal vasculature, respectively. Building on the principles of OCT, swept-source OCT has also been applied to OCT angiography (SS-OCTA), thus enabling a non-invasive in depth-resolved imaging of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature. Despite their advantages, the widespread use of SS-OCT and SS-OCTA remains relatively limited. In this review, we summarize the technical details, advantages and limitations of SS-OCT and SS-OCTA, with a particular emphasis on their relevance for the study of retinal conditions. Additionally, we comprehensively review relevant studies performed to date to the study of retinal health and disease, and highlight current gaps in knowledge and opportunities to take advantage of swept source technology to improve our current understanding of many medical and surgical chorioretinal conditions. We anticipate that SS-OCT and SS-OCTA will continue to evolve rapidly, contributing to a paradigm shift to more widespread adoption of new imaging technology to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Laíns
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay C Wang
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Cui
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA; Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raviv Katz
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippos Vingopoulos
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Staurenghi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan W Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John B Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA.
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Optical Coherence Tomography Can Be Used to Assess Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Damage in Most Eyes With High Myopia. J Glaucoma 2021; 29:833-845. [PMID: 33006872 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PRECIS It is generally assumed that optical coherence tomography (OCT) cannot be used to diagnose glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) in high myopes. However, this study presents evidence that there is sufficient information in OCT scans to allow for accurate diagnosis of GON in most eyes with high myopia. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that glaucomatous damage can be accurately diagnosed in most high myopes via an assessment of the OCT results. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred eyes from 60 glaucoma patients or suspects, referred for OCT scans and evaluation, had corrected spherical refractive errors worse than -6 D and/or axial lengths ≥26.5 mm. An OCT specialist judged whether the eye had GON, based upon OCT circle scans of the disc and cube scans centered on the macula. A glaucoma specialist made the same judgement using all available information (eg, family history, repeat visits, intraocular pressure, 10-2 and 24-2 visual fields, OCT). A reference standard was created based upon the glaucoma specialist's classifications. In addition, the glaucoma specialist judged whether the eyes had peripapillary atrophy (PPA), epiretinal membrane (ERM), tilted disc (TD), and/or a paravascular inner retinal defect (PIRD). RESULTS The OCT specialist correctly identified 97 of the 100 eyes using the OCT information. In 63% of the cases, the inner circle scan alone was sufficient. For the rest, additional scans were requested. In addition, 81% of the total eyes had: PPA (79%), ERM (18%), PIRD (26%), and/or TD (48%). CONCLUSIONS For most eyes with high myopia, there is sufficient information in OCT scans to allow for accurate diagnosis of GON. However, the optimal use of the OCT will depend upon training to read OCT scans, which includes taking into consideration myopia related OCT artifacts and segmentation errors, as well as PPA, ERM, PIRD, and TD.
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Jnawali A, Mirhajianmoghadam H, Musial G, Porter J, Ostrin LA. The optic nerve head, lamina cribrosa, and nerve fiber layer in non-myopic and myopic children. Exp Eye Res 2020; 195:108041. [PMID: 32353426 PMCID: PMC7282968 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optic nerve head, lamina cribrosa, retina, and choroid in school age children using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to assess these structural parameters in relation to age, axial length, and refractive error. Healthy children, ages 11.15 ± 2.62 years (range 6-15 years, n = 53), underwent cycloplegic autorefraction, biometry, and SD-OCT imaging in both eyes. Images were analyzed using custom written programs in MATLAB, after adjustment for lateral magnification. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, retinal and choroidal thicknesses, Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) area, minimum rim width (MRW), and anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth (ALCSD) were determined and analyzed with age, axial length, and refraction. Results show that axial length increased and refractive error became more myopic with increasing age (R2 = 0.25, β = 0.18, P < 0.0001 and R2 = 0.27, β = -0.37, P < 0.0001, respectively). Minimum foveal thickness and central 1 mm retinal thickness increased with increasing age (R2 = 0.15, β = 2.38, P < 0.01 and R2 = 0.11, β = 3.16, P < 0.05, respectively). Age-adjusted raw values for peripapillary RNFL thickness decreased with increasing axial length (R2 = 0.11, β = -3.18, P < 0.05); however, this relationship was not present when image magnification was corrected (R2 = 0.07, β = 2.72, P = 0.09). BMO area increased with myopic refractive error (R2 = 0.16, β = -0.10, P < 0.01). Age-adjusted vertical cup-to-disc ratio decreased with increasing axial length and myopic refractive error (R2 = 0.12, β = -0.05, P < 0.05 and R2 = 0.11, β = 0.03, P = 0.05, respectively). Mean MRW, mean ALCSD, and peripapillary choroidal thickness were not associated with age, axial length, or refraction. Mean MRW was significantly thinner in eyes with deeper ALCS (R2 = 0.41, β = -0.83, P < 0.0001). These findings provide normal values for retinal and optic nerve head parameters in school age children, and also suggest that ocular remodeling occurs in some structures in school age children with normal eye growth and during early stages of myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Jnawali
- University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | | | - Gwen Musial
- University of Houston Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jason Porter
- University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Lisa A Ostrin
- University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
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Fang Y, Zhang HQ, Qiao RH, Yao XY, Pan YZ, Li M. Effectiveness of Glaucoma Diagnostic Parameters from Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography of Myopic Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1819-1826. [PMID: 30058579 PMCID: PMC6071466 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.237391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) appears to be a new type of glaucoma diagnostic tool. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of glaucoma diagnostic parameters from SD-OCT of patients with different severities of myopia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 248 participants (248 eyes) were enrolled, including 51 cases in the early primary open-angle glaucoma group, 79 cases in the control group (0.50 D to −0.50 D, excluding −0.50 D), 47 cases in the low-myopic group (−0.50 to −3.00 D, excluding −3.00 D), 43 cases in the moderate-myopic group (−3.00 to −6.00 D, excluding −6.00 D), and 28 cases in the high-myopic group (≤−6.00 D). All participants were examined using the Humphrey visual field test and SD-OCT. The SD-OCT parameters of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex were analyzed statistically using the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC). Results: The AUC showed that the best parameters for the control and low-myopic groups were the inferior and inferior temporal RNFL thicknesses (AUC >0.94), respectively; for the moderate- and high-myopic groups, the best parameter was the temporal low RNFL thickness (AUC, 0.926 and 0.896, respectively). The AUC of the inferior parameters of the moderate-myopic group (0.864) was lower, ranked 15th among all RNFL parameters. When the sensitivity was fixed at 85%, the specificity of the inferior, superior, inferior temporal, and superior temporal quadrants was higher (>80%) in the control and low-myopic groups, while they were lower (20–60%) for the moderate- and high-myopia groups. The green color based on the OCT database was also less for the high-myopic group compared with that of other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Glaucoma diagnostic parameters from SD-OCT were not clinically effective for the moderate- and high-myopic groups. The specificities were low. The moderate- and high-myopic groups require comprehensive analyses for the diagnoses of glaucoma. The SD-OCT database should be improved to better indicate the level of myopia based on the corresponding diopter readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Han-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Rong-Hua Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xu-Yang Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying-Zi Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Jnawali A, Beach KM, Ostrin LA. In Vivo Imaging of the Retina, Choroid, and Optic Nerve Head in Guinea Pigs. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:1006-1018. [PMID: 29641938 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1464195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Guinea pigs are increasingly being used as a model of myopia, and may also represent a novel model of glaucoma. Here, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was performed in guinea pigs. In vivo measurements of retinal, choroidal, and optic nerve head parameters were compared with histology, and repeatability and interocular variations were assessed. METHODS OCT imaging and histology were performed on adult guinea pigs (n = 9). Using a custom program in MATLAB, total retina, ganglion cell/nerve fiber layer (GC/NFL), outer retina, and choroid thicknesses were determined. Additionally, Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) area and diameter, and minimum rim width were calculated. Intraobserver, interocular, and intersession coefficients of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were assessed. RESULTS Retina, GC/NFL, outer retina and choroid thicknesses from in vivo OCT imaging were 147.7 ± 5.8 μm, 59.2 ± 4.5 μm, 72.4 ± 2.4 μm, and 64.8 ± 11.6 μm, respectively. Interocular CV ranged from 1.8% to 11% (paired t-test, p = 0.16 to 0.81), and intersession CV ranged from 1.1% to 5.6% (p = 0.12 to 0.82), with the choroid showing the greatest variability. BMO area was 0.192 ± 0.023 mm2, and diameter was 493.79 ± 31.89 μm, with intersession CV of 3.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Hyper reflective retinal layers in OCT correlated with plexiform and RPE layers in histology. CONCLUSION In vivo OCT imaging and quantification of guinea pig retina and optic nerve head parameters were repeatable and similar between eyes of the same animal. In vivo visibility of retinal cell layers correlated well with histological images. ABBREVIATIONS optic nerve head (ONH), retinal ganglion cell (RGC), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), enhanced depth imaging (EDI), minimum rim width (MRW), hematoxylin and eosin (H & E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Jnawali
- a College of Optometry , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Krista M Beach
- a College of Optometry , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Lisa A Ostrin
- a College of Optometry , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
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The Comparison of Regional RNFL and Fundus Vasculature by OCTA in Chinese Myopia Population. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:3490962. [PMID: 29651341 PMCID: PMC5830980 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3490962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the correlations between peripapillary vessel density, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, and myopic indices at retina quadrants with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in Chinese. Methods Fifty-six subjects with a mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of −3.63 ± 0.29 D were included. Peripapillary RNFL thickness and retinal vessel density in four sectors (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal quadrants) were determined by OCTA, and correlations of the main outcomes were analyzed. Results Negative correlations were found between the peripapillary RNFL thickness and axial length (AL) at superior (r = −0.335, P = 0.001) and inferior (r = −0.551, P < 0.001) quadrants. There was a significant positive correlation with spherical equivalent (SE) at the corresponding quadrants as well as at the nasal quadrant (r = 0.339, P = 0.001; r = 0.379, P < 0.001; and r = 0.209, P = 0.039, resp.). Peripapillary retinal vessel density was also negatively correlated with AL at the nasal quadrant (r = −0.392, P < 0.001), and only at the nasal quadrant, there was a positive correlation between the peripapillary vessel density and SE (r = 0.319, P = 0.001). Conclusions The degree of myopia and elongation of AL were negatively correlated with peripapillary RNFL thickness at superior and inferior quadrants and with peripapillary retinal vessel density at the nasal quadrant.
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