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Azad B, Karimzadeh Z, Jabbaripour A, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Khoubnasabjafari M, Jouyban A, Rahimpour E. Utilizing a nanocomposite aerogel grafted with Fe 3O 4@GO for the extraction and determination of metoprolol in exhaled breath condensate. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30562-30574. [PMID: 37860171 PMCID: PMC10583263 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a solid-phase extraction method combined with a spectrofluorometric method for the extraction/pre-concentration and determination of metoprolol (MET) in exhaled breath condensate. The extraction sorbent is an agarose aerogel nanocomposite grafted with graphene oxide (GO) Fe3O4. The size and morphology of the nanosorbent were characterized via X-ray crystallography, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Factors affecting the extraction/determination of MET were optimized using the one-at-a-time method. Under optimized experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.005 to 2.0 μg mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.001 μg mL-1. The method was successfully applied for the determination of MET in biological samples taken from patients receiving MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Azad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Zahra Karimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 5165665811 Tabriz Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Rezaei H, Khoubnasabjafari M, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Hamishehkar H, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Rahimpour E, Mehvar R, Jouyban A. A new method for investigating bioequivalence of inhaled formulations: A pilot study on salbutamol. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2023; 26:11466. [PMID: 37206631 PMCID: PMC10188931 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2023.11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: An efficient, cost-effective and non-invasive test is required to overcome the challenges faced in the process of bioequivalence (BE) studies of various orally inhaled drug formulations. Two different types of pressurized meter dose inhalers (MDI-1 and MDI-2) were used in this study to test the practical applicability of a previously proposed hypothesis on the BE of inhaled salbutamol formulations. Methods: Salbutamol concentration profiles of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples collected from volunteers receiving two inhaled formulations were compared employing BE criteria. In addition, the aerodynamic particle size distribution of the inhalers was determined by employing next generation impactor. Salbutamol concentrations in the samples were determined using liquid and gas chromatographic methods. Results: The MDI-1 inhaler induced slightly higher EBC concentrations of salbutamol when compared with MDI-2. The geometric MDI-2/MDI-1 mean ratios (confidence intervals) were 0.937 (0.721-1.22) for maximum concentration and 0.841 (0.592-1.20) for area under the EBC-time profile, indicating a lack of BE between the two formulations. In agreement with the in vivo data, the in vitro data indicated that the fine particle dose (FPD) of MDI-1 was slightly higher than that for the MDI-2 formulation. However, the FPD differences between the two formulations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: EBC data of the present work may be considered as a reliable source for assessment of the BE studies of orally inhaled drug formulations. However, more detailed investigations employing larger sample sizes and more formulations are required to provide more evidence for the proposed method of BE assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Rezaei
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mehvar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xiroudaki S, Schoubben A, Giovagnoli S, Rekkas DM. Dry Powder Inhalers in the Digitalization Era: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091455. [PMID: 34575530 PMCID: PMC8467565 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, the term "drug delivery systems" (DDSs) has almost fully replaced previously used terms, such as "dosage forms", in an attempt to emphasize the importance of the drug carrier in ensuring the claimed safety and effectiveness of the product. However, particularly in the case of delivery devices, the term "system", which by definition implies a profound knowledge of each single part and their interactions, is not always fully justified when using the DDS term. Within this context, dry powder inhalers (DPIs), as systems to deliver drugs via inhalation to the lungs, require a deep understanding of the complex formulation-device-patient interplay. As of now and despite the progress made in particle engineering and devices design, DPIs' clinical performance is limited by variable patients' breathing patterns. To circumvent this pitfall, next-generation DPIs should ideally adapt to the different respiratory capacity of individuals across age, health conditions, and other related factors. In this context, the recent wave of digitalization in the health care and industrial sectors may drive DPI technology towards addressing a personalized device-formulation-patient liaison. In this review, evolving technologies are explored and analyzed to outline the progress made as well as the gaps to fill to align novel DPIs technologies with the systems theory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Xiroudaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.X.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurélie Schoubben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.X.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.X.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.M.R.); Tel.: +39-075-5855162 (S.G.); +30-210-7274023 (D.M.R.)
| | - Dimitrios M. Rekkas
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.M.R.); Tel.: +39-075-5855162 (S.G.); +30-210-7274023 (D.M.R.)
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Concentration profile of tobramycin in exhaled breath condensate after inhalation of a single dose: A pilot study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Matera MG, Calzetta L, Ora J, Rogliani P, Cazzola M. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approaches to drug delivery design for inhalation drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:891-906. [PMID: 33412922 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1873271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Inhaled drugs are important in the treatment of many lung pathologies, but to be therapeutically effective they must reach unbound concentrations at their effect site in the lung that are adequate to interact with their pharmacodynamic properties (PD) and exert the pharmacological action over an appropriate dosing interval. Therefore, the evaluation of pharmacokinetic (PK)/PD relationship is critical to predict their possible therapeutic effect.Areas covered: We review the approaches used to assess the PK/PD relationship of the major classes of inhaled drugs that are prescribed to treat pulmonary pathologies.Expert opinion: There are still great difficulties in producing data on lung concentrations of inhaled drugs and interpreting them as to their ability to induce the desired therapeutic action. The structural complexity of the lungs, the multiplicity of processes involved simultaneously and the physical interactions between the lungs and drug make any PK/PD approach to drug delivery design for inhalation medications extremely challenging. New approaches/methods are increasing our understanding about what happens to inhaled drugs, but they are still not ready for regulatory purposes. Therefore, we must still rely on plasma concentrations based on the axiom that they reflect both the extent and the pattern of deposition within the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Unit of Respiratory Disease and Lung Function, Dept. Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Jouyban A, Farajzadeh MA, Khoubnasabjafari M, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Derivatization and deep eutectic solvent-based air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction of salbutamol in exhaled breath condensate samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113572. [PMID: 32891041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A microwave-induced air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method has been proposed for the pretreatment/quantization of salbutamol in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this procedure, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and N,N-diethylethanolammonium chloride: dichloroacetic acid: octanoic acid deep eutectic solvent were exploited as derivatization reagent and extraction solvent, respectively. A mixture of the sample solution and pyridine was transferred into a test tube. Then, a mixture of extraction solvent and derivatization agent was placed at the bottom of the tube. After performing the predetermined extraction cycles in the microextraction method, the mixture was exposed to microwave irradiations to enhance derivatization and extraction efficiencies. The obtained turbid solution was centrifuged and a portion of the sedimented phase was used for quantification of salbutamol. The validated method showed low limits of detection (0.074 and 0.370 μg/L in deionized water and EBC, respectively), quantification (0.246 in deionized water and 1.23 μg/L in EBC), and lower limit of quantification (0.123 and 0.615 μg/L in deionized water and EBC, respectively). The method had appropriate repeatability, accuracy, and stability (expressed as relative standard deviation less than 9%). The developed method was used in quantification of salbutamol in the real samples collected from donors receiving salbutamol spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Jouyban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Samini L, Khoubnasabjafari M, Alimorad MM, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Chan HK, Jouyban A. Microextraction and Chromatographic Analysis of Budesonide Epimers in Exhaled Breath Condensate. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666191203104522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Analysis of drug concentrations in biological fluids is required in clinical
sciences for various purposes. Among other biological samples, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is
a potential sample for follow up of drug concentrations.
Methods:
A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure followed by a validated
liquid chromatography method was employed for the determination of budesonide (BDS) in EBC
samples collected using a homemade setup. EBC is a non-invasive biological sample with possible
applications for monitoring drug concentrations. The proposed analytical method is validated according
to the FDA guidelines using EBC-spiked samples. Its applicability is tested on EBC samples collected
from healthy volunteers receiving a single puff of BDS.
Results:
The best DLLME conditions involved the use of methanol (1 mL) as a disperser solvent,
chloroform (200 μL) as an extraction solvent, and centrifugation rate of 3500 rpm for 5 minutes. The
method was validated over a concentration range of 21-210 μg·L-1 in EBC. Inter- and intra-day precisions
were less than 10% where the acceptable levels are less than 20%. The validated method was
successfully applied for the determination of BDS in EBC samples.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study indicate that the developed method can be used for the extraction
and quantification of BDS in EBC samples using a low cost method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Samini
- Research and Development Department, Jaber Ebne Hayyan Pharmaceutical Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad M. Alimorad
- Research and Development Department, Jaber Ebne Hayyan Pharmaceutical Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sou T, Bergström CAS. Contemporary Formulation Development for Inhaled Pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:66-86. [PMID: 32916138 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery has gained increased interests over the past few decades. For respiratory conditions, targeted drug delivery directly to the site of action can achieve a high local concentration for efficacy with reduced systemic exposure and adverse effects. For systemic conditions, the unique physiology of the lung evolutionarily designed for rapid gaseous exchange presents an entry route for systemic drug delivery. Although the development of inhaled formulations has come a long way over the last few decades, many aspects of it remain to be elucidated. In particular, a reliable and well-understood method for in vitro-in vivo correlations remains to be established. With the rapid and ongoing advancement of technology, there is much potential to better utilise computational methods including different types of modelling and simulation approaches to support inhaled formulation development. This review intends to provide an introduction on some fundamental concepts in pulmonary drug delivery and inhaled formulation development followed by discussions on some challenges and opportunities in the translation of inhaled pharmaceuticals from preclinical studies to clinical development. The review concludes with some recent advancements in modelling and simulation approaches that could play an increasingly important role in modern formulation development of inhaled pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Sou
- Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Pharmacometrics, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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A colorimetric nanoprobe based on dynamic aggregation of SDS-capped silver nanoparticles for tobramycin determination in exhaled breath condensate. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kruizinga MD, Birkhoff WAJ, van Esdonk MJ, Klarenbeek NB, Cholewinski T, Nelemans T, Dröge MJ, Cohen AF, Zuiker RGJA. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and inhaled salbutamol and tobramycin: An exploratory study to investigate the potential of exhaled breath condensate as a matrix for pharmacokinetic analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:175-181. [PMID: 31658494 PMCID: PMC6983506 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of drugs acting in the lungs are difficult to measure, resulting in relatively unknown local pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a matrix for pharmacokinetic analysis of inhaled and intravenous medication. A 4‐way crossover study was conducted in 12 volunteers with tobramycin and salbutamol intravenously and via inhalation. EBC and plasma samples were collected postdose and analysed for drug concentrations. Sample dilution, calculated using urea concentrations, was used to estimate the epithelial lining fluid concentration. Salbutamol and tobramycin were largely undetectable in EBC after intravenous administration and were detectable after inhaled administration in all subjects in 50.8 and 51.5% of EBC samples, respectively. Correction of EBC concentrations for sample dilution did not explain the high variability. This high variability of EBC drug concentrations seems to preclude EBC as a matrix for pharmacokinetic analysis of tobramycin and salbutamol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michiel J van Esdonk
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam F Cohen
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
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