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Alipour Z, Zarezadeh S, Ghotbi-Ravandi AA. The Potential of Anti-coronavirus Plant Secondary Metabolites in COVID-19 Drug Discovery as an Alternative to Repurposed Drugs: A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:172-203. [PMID: 37956978 DOI: 10.1055/a-2209-6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In early 2020, a global pandemic was announced due to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known to cause COVID-19. Despite worldwide efforts, there are only limited options regarding antiviral drug treatments for COVID-19. Although vaccines are now available, issues such as declining efficacy against different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the aging of vaccine-induced immunity highlight the importance of finding more antiviral drugs as a second line of defense against the disease. Drug repurposing has been used to rapidly find COVID-19 therapeutic options. Due to the lack of clinical evidence for the therapeutic benefits and certain serious side effects of repurposed antivirals, the search for an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2 with fewer side effects continues. In recent years, numerous studies have included antiviral chemicals from a variety of plant species. A better knowledge of the possible antiviral natural products and their mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 will help to develop stronger and more targeted direct-acting antiviral agents. The aim of the present study was to compile the current data on potential plant metabolites that can be investigated in COVID-19 drug discovery and development. This review represents a collection of plant secondary metabolites and their mode of action against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alipour
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Zarezadeh
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Adelusi TI, Ojo TO, Bolaji OQ, Oyewole MP, Olaoba OT, Oladipo EK. Predicting Plasmodium falciparum kinase inhibitors from antimalarial medicinal herbs using computational modeling approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 38130691 PMCID: PMC10730500 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, with resistance to available drugs necessitating the development of novel therapies targeting invasion-dependent proteins. Plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (PfCDPK-1) is essential for host erythrocyte invasion and parasite asexual development. This study screened a library of 490 compounds using computational methods to identify potential PfCDPK-1 inhibitors. Three compounds; 17-hydroxyazadiradione, Picracin, and Epicatechin-gallate derived from known antimalarial botanicals, showed potent inhibitory effects on PfCDPK-1. These compounds exhibited better binding affinities (-8.8, -9.1, -9.3 kCal/mol respectively), pharmacokinetics, and physicochemical properties than the purported inhibitory standard of PfCDPK-1, Purfalcamine. Molecular dynamics simulations (50 ns) and molecular mechanics analyses confirmed the stability and binding rigidity of these compounds at the active pocket of PfCDPK-1. The results suggest that these compounds are promising pharmacological targets with potential therapeutic effects for malaria treatment/management without undesirable side effects. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the development of effective antimalarial agents targeting invasion-dependent proteins, which could help combat the global malaria burden. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00175-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 210214, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Ooreoluwa Ojo
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 210214, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
- Genomics unit, Helix Biogen Institute, P.M.B 212102, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Olawale Quadri Bolaji
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 210214, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Moyosoluwa Precious Oyewole
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 210214, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Olamide Tosin Olaoba
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Elijah Kolawole Oladipo
- Genomics unit, Helix Biogen Institute, P.M.B 212102, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State Nigeria
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Fauquet J, Carette J, Duez P, Zhang J, Nachtergael A. Microfluidic Diffusion Sizing Applied to the Study of Natural Products and Extracts That Modulate the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD/ACE2 Interaction. Molecules 2023; 28:8072. [PMID: 38138562 PMCID: PMC10745392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and ACE2 proteins is a crucial step for host cell infection by the virus. Without it, the entire virion entrance mechanism is compromised. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of various natural product classes, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, ivermectin, chloroquine, and erythromycin, to modulate this interaction. To accomplish this, we applied a recently developed a microfluidic diffusional sizing (MDS) technique that allows us to probe protein-protein interactions via measurements of the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and dissociation constant (KD); the evolution of Rh is monitored in the presence of increasing concentrations of the partner protein (ACE2); and the KD is determined through a binding curve experimental design. In a second time, with the protein partners present in equimolar amounts, the Rh of the protein complex was measured in the presence of different natural products. Five of the nine natural products/extracts tested were found to modulate the formation of the protein complex. A methanol extract of Chenopodium quinoa Willd bitter seed husks (50 µg/mL; bisdesmoside saponins) and the flavonoid naringenin (1 µM) were particularly effective. This rapid selection of effective modulators will allow us to better understand agents that may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fauquet
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (J.F.); (P.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Julie Carette
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (J.F.); (P.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (J.F.); (P.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Jiuliang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Amandine Nachtergael
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium; (J.F.); (P.D.); (A.N.)
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Chen HF, Wang WJ, Chen CY, Chang WC, Hsueh PR, Peng SL, Wu CS, Chen Y, Huang HY, Shen WJ, Wang SC, Hung MC. The natural tannins oligomeric proanthocyanidins and punicalagin are potent inhibitors of infection by SARS-CoV-2. eLife 2023; 12:e84899. [PMID: 37642993 PMCID: PMC10465125 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to infect people worldwide. While the vaccinated population has been increasing, the rising breakthrough infection persists in the vaccinated population. For living with the virus, the dietary guidelines to prevent virus infection are worthy of and timely to develop further. Tannic acid has been demonstrated to be an effective inhibitor of coronavirus and is under clinical trial. Here we found that two other members of the tannins family, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and punicalagin, are also potent inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with different mechanisms. OPCs and punicalagin showed inhibitory activity against omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The water extractant of the grape seed was rich in OPCs and also exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities for viral entry of wild-type and other variants in vitro. Moreover, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of grape seed extractants (GSE) supplementation against SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in vivo and observed that serum samples from the healthy human subjects had suppressive activity against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 Vpp infection after taking GSE capsules. Our results suggest that natural tannins acted as potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and GSE supplementation could serve as healthy food for infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chen-Shiou Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wan-Jou Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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Lin CM, Chen HH, Lung CW, Chen HJ. Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10789. [PMID: 37445964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for treating snake bites, scalds, burns, and viral and bacterial infections. It has been attracting an increasing amount of attention because of its biological activities, including its antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunoregulatory activities. Here, we conducted a panoramic survey of the literature regarding the immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities of C. nutans. We discovered that C. nutans extracts have virucidal activities against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, cyprinid herpesvirus 3, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, mosquito-borne chikungunya virus, and potentially SARS-CoV-2; such activities likely result from C. nutans interfering with the entry, penetration, infection, and replication of viruses. We also reviewed the phytochemicals in C. nutans extracts that exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. This updated review of the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory activities of C. nutans may guide future agricultural practices and reveal clinical applications of C. nutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 33348, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Lung
- Department of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Happi GM, Ahmed SA, Kemayou GPM, Salau S, Dzouemo LC, Sikam KG, Yimtchui MT, Wansi JD. Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Antiplasmodial Compounds from Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. (Hypericaceae) and Their Cytotoxicity and Molecular Docking. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:4693765. [PMID: 37284030 PMCID: PMC10241580 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4693765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Cameroon, malaria is still the cause of several deaths yearly and leading to the continued search for new potent leads to fight against Plasmodium falciparum. Medicinal plants like Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. are introduced in local preparations for the treatment of affected people. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of the twigs and stem bark of H. lanceolatum Lam. led to the identification of the dichloromethane-soluble fraction as the most active (with 32.6% of the parasite P. falciparum 3D7 survival) which was further purified by successive column chromatography to obtain four compounds identified by their spectrometric data as two xanthones 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone (1) and norathyriol (2) and two triterpenes betulinic acid (3) and ursolic acid (4). In the antiplasmodial assay against P. falciparum 3D7, the triterpenoids 3 and 4 displayed the most significant potencies with IC50 values of 2.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL and 11.8 ± 3.2 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both compounds were also the most cytotoxic against P388 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.8 ± 2.2 μg/mL and 2.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL, respectively. Further insights on the inhibition method of the bioactive compounds and their drug-likeness were obtained from their molecular docking and ADMET studies. The results obtained help in identifying additional antiplasmodial agents from H. lanceolatum and support its use in folk medicine for the treatment of malaria. The plant might be considered as a promising source of new antiplasmodial candidates in new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervais Mouthé Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Sikiru Akinyeye Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B 1530, Ilorin 23431, Nigeria
| | - Guy Paulin Mouthé Kemayou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Shina Salau
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B 1530, Ilorin 23431, Nigeria
| | - Liliane Clotilde Dzouemo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Klev Gaïtan Sikam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Mireille Towa Yimtchui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Jean Duplex Wansi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
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Alexova R, Alexandrova S, Dragomanova S, Kalfin R, Solak A, Mehan S, Petralia MC, Fagone P, Mangano K, Nicoletti F, Tancheva L. Anti-COVID-19 Potential of Ellagic Acid and Polyphenols of Punica granatum L. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093772. [PMID: 37175181 PMCID: PMC10180134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a rich source of polyphenols, including ellagitannins and ellagic acid. The plant is used in traditional medicine, and its purified components can provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and support of host defenses during viral infection and recovery from disease. Current data show that pomegranate polyphenol extract and its ellagitannin components and metabolites exert their beneficial effects by controlling immune cell infiltration, regulating the cytokine secretion and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production, and by modulating the activity of the NFκB pathway. In vitro, pomegranate extracts and ellagitannins interact with and inhibit the infectivity of a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In silico docking studies show that ellagitannins bind to several SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins, including a number of proteases. This warrants further exploration of polyphenol-viral and polyphenol-host interactions in in vitro and in vivo studies. Pomegranate extracts, ellagitannins and ellagic acid are promising agents to target the SARS-CoV-2 virus and to restrict the host inflammatory response to viral infections, as well as to supplement the depleted host antioxidant levels during the stage of recovery from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitza Alexova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simona Alexandrova
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Dragomanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Marin Drinov Str. 55, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Ivan Mihailov Str. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Ayten Solak
- Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Cherni Vrah Blvd. 5, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Adah AS, Ayo JO, Adah DA, Nwonuma CO, Lawal TA. Molecular docking and experimental validation of the effect of ergothioneine on heat shock protein-70 following endurance exercise by Arabian stallions. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:27. [PMID: 36717851 PMCID: PMC9887863 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced oxidative stress is a challenge in equine sports. This study aims at determining the effects of ergothioneine on heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) following the stress of an endurance exercise of 30 km by Arabian stallions. Molecular docking was also done to investigate the interaction between the ligand ergothioneine and heat shock protein-70 using sulfogalactosylceramide and sulfogalactoglycerolipid as standards. The study involved a total of 18 clinically healthy stallions, with an average age of 6.7 ± 2.4 years and an average weight of 411.54 ± 12.46 kg. Only clinically healthy stallions were selected as subjects. The stallions were divided into two groups of nine stallions each. Group I (ERGX) was administered ergothioneine at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg once daily orally for four weeks while group II (ERGN) was not administered ergothioneine. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were determined in the two groups before and post-exercise. The concentrations of malondialdehyde and HSP-70 were also determined. RESULTS The results obtained showed that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and concentration of HSP-70 were higher (P < 0.05) in the ERGX group compared to the ERGN group. The concentration of malondialdehyde was however lower in the ERGX group. Following molecular docking, ergothioneine and the selected standards have common amino acids at the site of interaction with the target protein (HSP-70) suggesting that ergothioneine may have a modulatory effect on the synthesis of HSP-70. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicated that ergothioneine modulated the synthesis of HSP-70 and the biomarkers of oxidative stress. It was therefore concluded that ergothioneine may be beneficial to horses subjected to endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adakole Sylvanus Adah
- grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- grid.411225.10000 0004 1937 1493Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Arimie Adah
- grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Charles Obiora Nwonuma
- grid.448923.00000 0004 1767 6410Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omuaran, Nigeria
| | - Teslim Alabi Lawal
- Computational Biophysical Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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Strictinin, a Major Ingredient in Yunnan Kucha Tea Possessing Inhibitory Activity on the Infection of Mouse Hepatitis Virus to Mouse L Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031080. [PMID: 36770747 PMCID: PMC9921699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Theacrine and strictinin of Yunnan Kucha tea prepared from a mutant variety of wild Pu'er tea plants were two major ingredients responsible for the anti-influenza activity. As the COVID-19 outbreak is still lurking, developing safe and cost-effective therapeutics is an urgent need. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these tea compounds on the infection of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a β-coronavirus serving as a surrogate for SARS-CoV. Treatment with strictinin (100 μM), but not theacrine, completely eliminated MHV infection, as indicated by a pronounced reduction in plaque formation, nucleocapsid protein expression, and progeny production of MHV. Subsequently, a time-of-drug addition protocol, including pre-, co-, or post-treatment, was exploited to further evaluate the possible mechanism of antiviral activity mediated by strictinin, and remdesivir, a potential drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, was used as a positive control against MHV infection. The results showed that all three treatments of remdesivir (20 μM) completely blocked MHV infection. In contrast, no significant effect on MHV infection was observed when cells were pre-treated with strictinin (100 μM) prior to infection, while significant inhibition of MHV infection was observed when strictinin was introduced upon viral adsorption (co-treatment) and after viral entry (post-treatment). Of note, as compared with the co-treatment group, the inhibitory effect of strictinin was more striking in the post-treatment group. These results indicate that strictinin suppresses MHV infection by multiple mechanisms; it possibly interferes with viral entry and also critical step(s) of viral infection. Evidently, strictinin significantly inhibited MHV infection and might be a suitable ingredient for protection against coronavirus infection.
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Mieres-Castro D, Mora-Poblete F. Saponins: Research Progress and Their Potential Role in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020348. [PMID: 36839670 PMCID: PMC9964560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the new global situation and the limited therapeutic management of the disease make it necessary to take urgent measures in more effective therapies and drug development in order to counteract the negative global impacts caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its new infectious variants. In this context, plant-derived saponins-glycoside-type compounds constituted from a triterpene or steroidal aglycone and one or more sugar residues-may offer fewer side effects and promising beneficial pharmacological activities. This can then be used for the development of potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19, either as a therapy or as a complement to conventional pharmacological strategies for the treatment of the disease and its prevention. The main objective of this review was to examine the primary and current evidence in regard to the therapeutic potential of plant-derived saponins against the COVID-19 disease. Further, the aim was to also focus on those studies that highlight the potential use of saponins as a treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Saponins are antiviral agents that inhibit different pharmacological targets of the virus, as well as exhibit anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activity in relieving symptoms and clinical complications related to the disease. In addition, saponins also possess immunostimulatory effects, which improve the efficacy and safety of vaccines for prolonging immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 and its infectious variants.
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Naidu SAG, Tripathi YB, Shree P, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. Phytonutrient Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2/NSP5-Encoded Main Protease (M pro) Autocleavage Enzyme Critical for COVID-19 Pathogenesis. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:284-311. [PMID: 34821532 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.2006388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genomic reshuffling, mutagenicity, and high transmission rate of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen highlights an urgent need for effective antiviral interventions for COVID-19 control. Targeting the highly conserved viral genes and/or gene-encoded viral proteins such as main proteinase (Mpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and helicases are plausible antiviral approaches to prevent replication and propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are prone to extensive mutagenesis; however, any genetic alteration to its highly conserved Mpro enzyme is often detrimental to the viral pathogen. Therefore, inhibitors that target the Mpro enzyme could reduce the risk of mutation-mediated drug resistance and provide effective antiviral protection. Several existing antiviral drugs and dietary bioactives are currently repurposed to treat COVID-19. Dietary bioactives from three ayurvedic medicinal herbs, 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid (ΔG = 8.86 kcal/mol), Solanocapsine (ΔG = 8.59 kcal/mol), and Vasicoline (ΔG = 7.34 kcal/mol), showed high-affinity binding to Mpro enzyme than the native N3 inhibitor (ΔG = 5.41 kcal/mol). Flavonoids strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with comparable or higher potency than the antiviral drug, remdesivir. Several tannin hydrolysates avidly bound to the receptor-binding domain and catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro through H-bonding forces. Quercetin binding to Mpro altered the thermostability of the viral protein through redox-based mechanism and inhibited the viral enzymatic activity. Interaction of quercetin-derivatives with the Mpro seem to be influenced by the 7-OH group and the acetoxylation of sugar moiety on the ligand molecule. Based on pharmacokinetic and ADMET profiles, several phytonutrients could serve as a promising redox nutraceutical for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreus A G Naidu
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, Yorba Linda, California, USA
| | - Yamini B Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priya Shree
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Adegbola PI, Fadahunsi OS, Ogunjinmi OE, Adegbola AE, Ojeniyi FD, Adesanya A, Olagoke E, Adisa AD, Ehigie AF, Adetutu A, Semire B. Potential inhibitory properties of structurally modified quercetin/isohamnetin glucosides against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; molecular docking and dynamics simulation strategies. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023; 37:101167. [PMID: 36686560 PMCID: PMC9837157 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerned organizations and individuals are fully engaged in seeking appropriate measures towards managing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection because of the unprecedented economic and health impact. SAR-CoV-2 Main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) is unique to the survival and viability of the virus. Therefore, inhibition of Mpro can block the viral propagation. Thirty (30) derivatives were built by changing the glucosides in the Meta and para position of quercetin and isohamnetin. Molecular docking analysis was used for the screening of the compounds. Dynamics simulation was performed to assess the stability of the best pose docked complex. Molecular mechanics binding free energy calculation was done by Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA). Overall analysis showed that the compounds are allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Dynamic simulation analysis established the stability of Mpro-ISM-1, Mpro-ISD-3, Mpro-IST-2, Mpro-QM-2, and Mpro-QD-6 complexes with a maximum of 7 hydrogen bonds involved in their interaction. The MMPBSA binding free energies for ISM-1, ISD-3, IST-2, QM-2, and QD-6 were -92.47 ± 9.06, -222.27 ± 32.5, 180.72 ± 47.92, 156.46 ± 49.88 and -93.52 ± 48.75 kcal/mol respectively. All the compounds showed good pharmacokinetic properties, while only ISM-1 inhibits hERG and might be cardio-toxic. Observations in this study established that the glucoside position indeed influenced the affinity for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The study also suggested the potentials of ISD-3, QM-2 and QD-6 as potent inhibitors of the main protease, further experimental and clinical studies are however necessary to validate and establish the need for further drug development processes. Therefore, future studies will be on the chemical synthesis of the compounds and investigation of the in-vitro inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ifeoluwa Adegbola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Olumide Samuel Fadahunsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasayo Esther Ogunjinmi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aanuoluwa Eunice Adegbola
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Fiyinfoluwa Demilade Ojeniyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Adetayo Adesanya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Olagoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Ayobami Damilare Adisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Adeola Folasade Ehigie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria,Corresponding author
| | - Adewale Adetutu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria,Corresponding author
| | - Banjo Semire
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria,Corresponding author
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Lancemaside A from Codonopsis lanceolata: Studies on Antiviral Activity and Mechanism of Action against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants of Concern. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0120122. [PMID: 36374087 PMCID: PMC9765103 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01201-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plant-derived natural products with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity have been evaluated for the potential to serve as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19. Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) has long been used as a medicinal herb in East Asian countries to treat inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system but its antiviral activity has not been investigated so far. Here, we showed that CL extract and its active compound lancemaside A (LA) displayed potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection using a pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 entry assay system. We demonstrated that this inhibitory effect of LA was due to the alteration of membrane cholesterol and blockade of the membrane fusion between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells by filipin staining and cell-based membrane fusion assays. Our findings also showed that LA, as a membrane fusion blocker, could impede the endosomal entry pathway of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs), including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), in Vero cells with similar of IC50 values ranging from 2.23 to 3.37 μM as well as the TMPRSS2-mediated viral entry pathway in A549 cells overexpressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with IC50 value of 3.92 μM. We further demonstrated that LA could prevent the formation of multinucleated syncytia arising from SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Altogether, the findings reported here suggested that LA could be a broad-spectrum anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic agent by targeting the fusion of viral envelope with the host cell membrane.
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Lopes SM, de Medeiros HIR, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Natural Products Against COVID-19 Inflammation: A Mini-Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2358-2369. [PMID: 35088662 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220128114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a virus whose genetic material is positive single-stranded RNA, being responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), an infection that compromises the lungs and consequently the respiratory capacity of the infected individual, according to the WHO in November 2021, 249,743,428 cases were confirmed, of which 5,047,652 individuals died due to complications resulting from the infection caused by SARSCOV- 2. As the infection progresses, the individual may experience loss of smell and taste, as well as breathing difficulties, severe respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and death. Due to this new epidemiological agent in March 2020 it was announced by the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO) a pandemic status, and with that, many research groups are looking for new therapeutic alternatives through synthetic and natural bioactives. This research is a literature review of some in silico studies involving natural products against COVID-19 inflammation published in 2020 and 2021. Work like this presents relevant information to the scientific community, boosting future research and encouraging the use of natural products for the search for new antivirals against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mendes Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Herbert Igor Rodrigues de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil.,Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
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Chemical Constituents of the Bark of Zanthoxylum gilletii (Rutaceae) and Their In Vitro Antiplasmodial and Molecular Docking Studies. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical investigations of the methanol extract of Zanthoxylum gilletii bark led to the isolation of thirteen compounds identified as two alkaloids including one acridone 5-hydroxynoracronycine (1) and one benzo [c] phenanthridine decarine (2), three lignans trans- and cis-fagaramide (3 and 4) and sesamin (5), two coumarins scoparone (6) and scopoletin (7), three pentacyclic triterpenoids fridelin (8), lupeol (9) and erythrodiol-3-O-palmitate (10), one phenolic compound vanillic acid (11) as well as two common steroids stigmasterol (12), and its derivative stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13). The structures of all the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D, 2D-NMR, MS) as well as the comparison of these data with those reported in the literature. Except for compounds 9 and 11–13, all the other isolated compounds are reported for the first time from Z. gilletii but have been already obtained from other Zanthoxylum species and in the Rutaceae family. Compounds 1, 3–5, and 9 were tested in vitro for their antiplasmodial potencies against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, and the results revealed that all the tested compounds displayed an inhibition between 51.89% and 54.69% while only the mixture of 3 + 4 gave an IC50 lower than 10 000 nM (IC50 = 1333 nM). Furthermore, all the compounds have been evaluated in silico for their ability to inhibit the Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 5TBO. Sesamin (5) showed the greatest affinity to the antiplasmodium receptor than artemether® and chloroquine®. Further recorded data from their ADMET study, as well as their chemotaxonomy, are also discussed herein. The present study provides further information to enrich the chemistry of Z. gilletii and its qualification as an important source for good candidates in new antiplasmodial drug development.
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Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:2044282. [PMID: 36199815 PMCID: PMC9527439 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2044282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease outbreak, there has been an increasing interest in discovering potential therapeutic agents for this disease. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review through an overview of drug development (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) for treating COVID-19. Methods A systematic search was carried out in major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from December 2019 to March 2021. A combination of the following terms was used: coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug design, drug development, In silico, In vitro, and In vivo. A narrative synthesis was performed as a qualitative method for the data synthesis of each outcome measure. Results A total of 2168 articles were identified through searching databases. Finally, 315 studies (266 in silico, 34 in vitro, and 15 in vivo) were included. In studies with in silico approach, 98 article study repurposed drug and 91 studies evaluated herbal medicine on COVID-19. Among 260 drugs repurposed by the computational method, the best results were observed with saquinavir (n = 9), ritonavir (n = 8), and lopinavir (n = 6). Main protease (n = 154) following spike glycoprotein (n = 62) and other nonstructural protein of virus (n = 45) was among the most studied targets. Doxycycline, chlorpromazine, azithromycin, heparin, bepridil, and glycyrrhizic acid showed both in silico and in vitro inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion The preclinical studies of novel drug design for COVID-19 focused on main protease and spike glycoprotein as targets for antiviral development. From evaluated structures, saquinavir, ritonavir, eucalyptus, Tinospora cordifolia, aloe, green tea, curcumin, pyrazole, and triazole derivatives in in silico studies and doxycycline, chlorpromazine, and heparin from in vitro and human monoclonal antibodies from in vivo studies showed promised results regarding efficacy. It seems that due to the nature of COVID-19 disease, finding some drugs with multitarget antiviral actions and anti-inflammatory potential is valuable and some herbal medicines have this potential.
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The Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 as a Target for Phytochemicals against Coronavirus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141862. [PMID: 35890496 PMCID: PMC9319234 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In late December 2019, the first cases of COVID-19 emerged as an outbreak in Wuhan, China that later spread vastly around the world, evolving into a pandemic and one of the worst global health crises in modern history. The causative agent was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although several vaccines were authorized for emergency use, constantly emerging new viral mutants and limited treatment options for COVID-19 drastically highlighted the need for developing an efficient treatment for this disease. One of the most important viral components to target for this purpose is the main protease of the coronavirus (Mpro). This enzyme is an excellent target for a potential drug, as it is essential for viral replication and has no closely related homologues in humans, making its inhibitors unlikely to be toxic. Our review describes a variety of approaches that could be applied in search of potential inhibitors among plant-derived compounds, including virtual in silico screening (a data-driven approach), which could be structure-based or fragment-guided, the classical approach of high-throughput screening, and antiviral activity cell-based assays. We will focus on several classes of compounds reported to be potential inhibitors of Mpro, including phenols and polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids.
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Abdul-Hammed M, Adedotun IO, Mufutau KM, Towolawi BT, Afolabi TI, Irabor CO. Antibreast cancer activities of phytochemicals from Anonna muricata using computer-aided drug design (CADD) approach. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibreast cancer activities of 131 phytochemicals from Annona muricata
(Soursop) were investigated against human placental aromatase (PDB ID: 3S7S), a prominent target receptor in breast cancer therapy using computer aided-drug design approach. An antibreast cancer drug (tamoxifen) was used for comparison. The result of this work flourishes caffeoquinic acid (−8.4 kcal/mol), roseoside (−8.3 kcal/mol), chlorogenic acid (−8.2 kcal/mol), feruloylglycoside (−8.1 kcal/mol), citroside A (−8.0 kcal/mol), and coreximine (−7.8 kcal/mol), as probable inhibitors of human placental aromatase. This is due to their excellent binding affinities (ΔG), coupled with outstanding druglike, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiles, bioavailability and oral-bioavailability properties, and the interactions of important residues with the active pocket of human placental aromatase. All the results obtained were similar to that of the standards tamoxifen (−8.0 kcal/mol) but could be better when optimized. Thus, lead optimization, molecular dynamics, and in vivo investigations are thereby recommended on the identified potent compounds in the quest of developing new therapeutic agents against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbaudeen Abdul-Hammed
- Computational Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , P.M.B. 4000 , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Olaide Adedotun
- Computational Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , P.M.B. 4000 , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
| | - Karimot Motunrayo Mufutau
- Computational Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , P.M.B. 4000 , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Toheeb Towolawi
- Computational Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , P.M.B. 4000 , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Irapada Afolabi
- Computational Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , P.M.B. 4000 , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
| | - Christianah Otoame Irabor
- Computational Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , P.M.B. 4000 , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
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19
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Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fisetin, Galangin, Hesperetin, Hesperidin, Myricetin, and Naringenin against Polymerase of Dengue Virus. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:7254990. [PMID: 35356488 PMCID: PMC8958082 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7254990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a disease spread by the DENV virus through mosquitoes. This disease is dangerous because there is no specific drug, vaccine, or antiviral against the DENV virus, insisting on drug discovery for dengue fever. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme in DENV can be a drug target because it has an important role in the virus replication process. In this research, in silico simulations were carried out on bioflavonoid compounds, namely, Fisetin, Galangin, Hesperetin, Hesperidin, Myricetin, and Naringenin with Quercetin as control ligand. QSAR analysis showed that all ligand has the probability to be antiviral and RNA synthesis inhibitor. Docking scores showed that Myricetin, Hesperidin, and Fisetin show strong performance while Hesperidin, Hesperetin, and Naringenin showed strong performance in MM/GBSA. Only Hesperidin showed strong performance in both scorings. Further investigation by ADMET analysis was done to investigate toxicology and pharmacological properties. Our molecular dynamics study through RMSD showed that even though Quercetin does not give good scoring values in both docking score and MM/GBSA, it has robust stable interaction to RdRp. The strong performance of Hesperidin was also validated by protein-ligand contact fraction in 5 ns. Overall, we observed that Hesperidin shows good potential as a DENV-3-RdRp inhibitor in par with Quercetin, although further in vitro study should be conducted.
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Molecular docking studies of phytochemicals from Terminalia chebula for identification of potential multi-target inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100557. [PMID: 35185301 PMCID: PMC8847108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global pandemic claiming more than 6 million lives worldwide as of 16 March 2022. Till date, no medicine has been developed which is proved to have 100% efficiency in combating against this deadly disease. We focussed on ayurvedic medicines to identify drug-like candidates for treatment and management of COVID-19. Among all ayurvedic medicines, we were interested in Terminalia chebula (T. chebula), as it is known to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives In this study, we evaluated potential inhibitory effects of phytochemicals from T. chebula against eight structural and functional proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods We performed blind molecular docking studies using fifteen phytochemicals from T. chebula against the proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The three-dimensional proteins structures were analysed and potential drug-binding sites were identified. The drug-likeness properties of the ligands were assessed as well. Results Analysing the docking results by comparing Atomic Contact Energy (ACE) and intermolecular interactions along with assessment of ADME/T properties identified 1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose (−332.14 ± 55.74 kcal/mol), Beta-Sitosterol (−324.75 ± 36.98 kcal/mol) and Daucosterol (−335.67 ± 104.79 kcal/mol) as most promising candidates which exhibit significantly high inhibition efficiency against all eight protein targets. Conclusions We believe that our study has the potential to help the scientific communities to develop multi-target drugs from T. chebula to combat against the deadly pathogen of COVID-19, with the support of extensive wet lab analysis.
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21
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Das S, Singh A, Samanta SK, Singha Roy A. Naturally occurring anthraquinones as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an integrated computational study. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:1121-1134. [PMID: 35034970 PMCID: PMC8744046 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-01004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread throughout the globe, affecting millions of people. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this infectious disease a pandemic. At present, several clinical trials are going on to identify possible drugs for treating this infection. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro is one of the most critical drug targets for the blockage of viral replication. The aim of this study was to identify potential natural anthraquinones that could bind to the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and stop the viral replication. Blind molecular docking studies of 13 anthraquinones and one control drug (Boceprevir) with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro were carried out using the SwissDOCK server, and alterporriol-Q that showed the highest binding affinity towards Mpro were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation studies. This study indicated that several antiviral anthraquinones could prove to be effective inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro of COVID-19 as they bind near the active site having the catalytic dyad, HIS41 and CYS145 through non-covalent forces. The anthraquinones showed less inhibitory potential as compared to the FDA-approved drug, boceprevir. Among the anthraquinones studied, alterporriol-Q was found to be the most potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Further, MD simulation studies for Mpro- alterporriol-Q system suggested that alterporriol-Q does not alter the structure of Mpro to a significant extent. Considering the impact of COVID-19, identification of alternate compounds like alterporriol-Q that could inhibit the viral infection will help in accelerating the process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, 793003 India
| | - Anirudh Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, 211012 India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, 211012 India
| | - Atanu Singha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, 793003 India
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22
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23
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Siminea N, Popescu V, Sanchez Martin JA, Florea D, Gavril G, Gheorghe AM, Iţcuş C, Kanhaiya K, Pacioglu O, Popa IL, Trandafir R, Tusa MI, Sidoroff M, Păun M, Czeizler E, Păun A, Petre I. Network analytics for drug repurposing in COVID-19. Brief Bioinform 2021; 23:6447433. [PMID: 34864885 PMCID: PMC8690228 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the potential of drug repurposing in COVID-19, we analyzed control strategies over essential host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We constructed comprehensive directed protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks integrating the top-ranked host factors, the drug target proteins and directed PPI data. We analyzed the networks to identify drug targets and combinations thereof that offer efficient control over the host factors. We validated our findings against clinical studies data and bioinformatics studies. Our method offers a new insight into the molecular details of the disease and into potentially new therapy targets for it. Our approach for drug repurposing is significant beyond COVID-19 and may be applied also to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Siminea
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bucharest, 14 Academiei, 010014, Romania
| | - Victor Popescu
- Department of Information Technologies, Åbo Akademi University, 3 Tuomiokirkontori, 20500, Finland
| | - Jose Angel Sanchez Martin
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Madrid, 7 Calle Ramiro de Maeztu, 28040, Spain
| | - Daniela Florea
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Georgiana Gavril
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Gheorghe
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Corina Iţcuş
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Krishna Kanhaiya
- Department of Information Technologies, Åbo Akademi University, 3 Tuomiokirkontori, 20500, Finland
| | - Octavian Pacioglu
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Ioana Laura Popa
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Romica Trandafir
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Maria Iris Tusa
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Manuela Sidoroff
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Mihaela Păun
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania.,Faculty of Administration and Business, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Boulevard, 030018, Romania
| | - Eugen Czeizler
- Department of Information Technologies, Åbo Akademi University, 3 Tuomiokirkontori, 20500, Finland.,Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
| | - Andrei Păun
- Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bucharest, 14 Academiei, 010014, Romania
| | - Ion Petre
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 5 Vesilinnantie, 20014, Finland.,Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independenţei, 060031, Romania
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24
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Abdul-Hammed M, Adedotun IO, Falade VA, Adepoju AJ, Olasupo SB, Akinboade MW. Target-based drug discovery, ADMET profiling and bioactivity studies of antibiotics as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro). Virusdisease 2021; 32:642-656. [PMID: 34226871 PMCID: PMC8246438 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent outbreak of a new strain of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health burden, which has resulted in deaths. No proven drug has been found to effectively cure this fast-spreading infection, hence the need to explore old drugs with the known profile in tackling this pandemic. A computer-aided drug design approach involving virtual screening was used to obtain the binding scores and inhibiting efficiencies of previously known antibiotics against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). The drug-likeness analysis of the repurposed drugs were done using the Molinspiration chemoinformatics tool, while the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) analysis was carried out using ADMET SAR-2 webserver. Other analyses performed include bioactivities of the repurposed drug as a probable anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent and oral bioavailability analyses among others. The results were compared with those of drugs currently involved in clinical trials in the ongoing pandemic. Although antibiotics have been speculated to be of no use in the treatment of viral infections, literature has emerged lately to reveal the antiviral potential and immune-boosting ability of antibiotics. This study identified Tarivid and Ciprofloxacin with binding affinities of - 8.3 kcal/mol and - 8.1 kcal/mol, respectively as significant inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) with better pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and oral bioavailability, bioactivity properties, ADMET properties and inhibitory strength compared to Remdesivir (- 7.6 kcal/mol) and Azithromycin (- 6.3 kcal/mol). These observations will provide insight for further research (clinical trial) in the cure and management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbaudeen Abdul-Hammed
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Olaide Adedotun
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Adeola Falade
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Adewusi John Adepoju
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | | | - Modinat Wuraola Akinboade
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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25
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An Overview of COVID-19 and the Potential Plant Harboured Secondary Metabolites against SARS-CoV-2: A Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19, a pandemic disease, and it is called the novel coronavirus. It belongs to the Coronaviridae family and has been plagued the world since the end of 2019. Viral infection to the lungs causes fluid filling and breathing difficulties, which leads to pneumonia. Pneumonia progresses to ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), in which fluid fills the air sac and seeps from the pulmonary veins. In the current scenario, several vaccines have been used to control the pandemic worldwide. Even though vaccines are available and their effectiveness is short, it may be helpful to curb the pandemic, but long-term protection is inevitable when we look for other options. Plants have diversified components such as primary and secondary metabolites. These molecules show several activities such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-helminthic. In addition, these molecules have good binding ability to the SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins such as RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), Mpro (Main Protease), etc. Therefore, these herbal molecules could probably be used to control the COVID-19. However, pre-requisite tests, such as cytotoxicity, in vivo, and human experimental studies, are required before plant molecules can be used as potent drugs. Plant metabolites such as alkaloids, isoquinoline ß-carboline, and quinoline alkaloids such as skimmianine, quinine, cinchonine, and dictamine are present in plants and used in a traditional medicinal system.
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26
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Maya PG, Mahayasih W, Harizal, Herman, Ahmad I. In silico identification of natural products from Centella asiatica as severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 main protease inhibitor. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:261-266. [PMID: 34345605 PMCID: PMC8300333 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_297_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (S-CoV-2 Mpro) is one of the main targets in designing antiviral against SARS-CoV-2. Centella asiatica contains several triterpenoids, polyacetylenes, and benzoic ester derivative with various biological activities including anti-inflammation and antiviral. Triterpenoids from C. asiatica could act as inhibitors of S-CoV-2 Mpro. The main objective of this study was to identify potential natural products from C. asiatica as S-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor with better pharmacokinetic through in silico molecular docking method. : As much as 11 compounds from C. asiatica were docked with S-CoV-2 Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7) using AutoDock v4.2.6. Pharmacokinetic parameters of these compounds were assessed using SwissADME (free access webserver). Molecular docking results of 11 natural products indicated that asiatate 6 and asiatate 10 have strong interaction with quite similar binding free energy compared to native ligand (‒9.00 and‒9.58 kcal/mol compared to ‒9.18 kcal/mol, respectively) with proper interaction to the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145). Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that asiatate 4, asiatate 10, and asiatate 11 have poor pharmacokinetic properties. These results indicated that asiatate 6 could be recommended for further study as S-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Gita Maya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, West Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widyaswari Mahayasih
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, West Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Harizal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, West Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Islamudin Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
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