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Anjum FR, Anam S, Abbas G, Mahmood MS, Rahman SU, Goraya MU, Abdullah RM, Luqman M, Ali A, Akram MK, Chaudhry TH. Type I IFNs: A Blessing in Disguise or Partner in Crime in MERS-CoV-, SARS-CoV-, and SARS-CoV-2-Induced Pathology and Potential Use of Type I IFNs in Synergism with IFN- γ as a Novel Antiviral Approach Against COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:321-329. [PMID: 33181057 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, the emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has accelerated the research on host immune responses toward the coronaviruses. When there is no approved drug or vaccine to use against these culprits, host immunity is the major strategy to fight such infections. Type I interferons are an integral part of the host innate immune system and define one of the first lines of innate immune defense against viral infections. The in vitro antiviral role of type I IFNs against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) is well established. Moreover, the involvement of type I IFNs in disease pathology has also been reported. In this study, we have reviewed the protective and the immunopathogenic role of type I IFNs in the pathogenesis of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. This review will also enlighten the potential implications of type I IFNs for the treatment of COVID-19 when used in combination with IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidra Anam
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas
- Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | | | - Sajjad Ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Luqman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashiq Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Akram
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Wigfield P, Sbarigia U, Hashim M, Vincken T, Heeg B. Are Published Health Economic Models for Chronic Hepatitis B Appropriately Capturing the Benefits of HBsAg Loss? A Systematic Literature Review. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2020; 4:403-418. [PMID: 31428938 PMCID: PMC7426349 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-019-00175-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sustained hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss or 'functional cure' (FC) is considered an optimal treatment endpoint by international clinical guidelines for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), yet rarely is this achieved with current standard of care (SoC). This leads to an under-reporting of FC in clinical trials, observational studies and health economic (HE) models. This paper systematically identifies and assesses how FC is incorporated in published HE models of CHB. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed and Embase (conducted February 2019) to review how HBsAg loss is captured in HE models. The following items were extracted: rate of (and transition probabilities to) HBsAg loss, HBsAg loss health state costs, and HBsAg loss health state utilities. RESULTS Sixty-five economics evaluations were identified, and < 50% of these (27/65) incorporated HBsAg loss in their models. Only 15/27 stated HBsAg loss health state costs, 15/27 stated HBsAg loss health state utilities, and 11/27 mentioned treatment-specific transition probabilities to HBsAg loss. The majority of sources these inputs were derived from are not transparent. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of FC in current HE models are not well captured, as FC is often not reported or not directly related to modelled treatments. This has the potential for novel agents with higher efficacy compared with SoC to be overlooked and undervalued if their worth is not appropriately communicated. In order to ensure optimal access for patients to new and effective therapies, it is important that the benefits of FC are better assessed and captured within HE models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wigfield
- Ingress-health Nederland, Hofplein 20, 3032 AC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Urbano Sbarigia
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Hashim
- Ingress-health Nederland, Hofplein 20, 3032 AC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Talitha Vincken
- Ingress-health Nederland, Hofplein 20, 3032 AC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Heeg
- Ingress-health Nederland, Hofplein 20, 3032 AC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Xiao J, Wang F, Wong NK, He J, Zhang R, Sun R, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li W, Koike K, He W, You H, Miao Y, Liu X, Meng M, Gao B, Wang H, Li C. Global liver disease burdens and research trends: Analysis from a Chinese perspective. J Hepatol 2019; 71:212-221. [PMID: 30871980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases affect millions of people worldwide. In most developed countries, the incidence of viral hepatitis is waning as a result of modern advances in disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapies. Expanded programmes for systematic immunisation against hepatitis B virus have also significantly brought down the number of new cases in many countries, including China. In contrast, with the improvement in living standards, the prevalence of metabolic liver diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease is set to rise, ultimately leading to more cases of end-stage liver diseases (liver failure, cirrhosis, and liver cancer). Over the past 30 years, visionary governments of major nations have provided strong incentives for basic/clinical research, vaccination programmes, and drug discovery and development in the field of hepatology. To get rid of her unflattering title as the "leader in liver diseases", China has also made a serious effort to initiate nationwide preventive measures for liver diseases, global partnerships, and mentoring programmes for young hepatologists. Instrumental to such progress is the continuous support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), which has helped hepatology to thrive in virtually all research directions within the country. In this article, we seek to provide stimulating glimpses into the evolving liver disease epidemiology, institutional research profiles, funding landscape, and drug development trends in China, with an attempt to compare her status and achievements with those of the United States, European countries, and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiao
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Sun
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yanying Xu
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingming Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China.
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