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Siva NK, Bauer C, Glover C, Stolin A, Chandi S, Melnick H, Marano G, Parker B, Mandich M, Lewis JW, Qi J, Gao S, Nott K, Majewski S, Brefczynski-Lewis JA. Real-time motion-enabling positron emission tomography of the brain of upright ambulatory humans. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:117. [PMID: 38872007 PMCID: PMC11176317 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile upright PET devices have the potential to enable previously impossible neuroimaging studies. Currently available options are imagers with deep brain coverage that severely limit head/body movements or imagers with upright/motion enabling properties that are limited to only covering the brain surface. METHODS In this study, we test the feasibility of an upright, motion-compatible brain imager, our Ambulatory Motion-enabling Positron Emission Tomography (AMPET) helmet prototype, for use as a neuroscience tool by replicating a variant of a published PET/fMRI study of the neurocorrelates of human walking. We validate our AMPET prototype by conducting a walking movement paradigm to determine motion tolerance and assess for appropriate task related activity in motor-related brain regions. Human participants (n = 11 patients) performed a walking-in-place task with simultaneous AMPET imaging, receiving a bolus delivery of F18-Fluorodeoxyglucose. RESULTS Here we validate three pre-determined measure criteria, including brain alignment motion artifact of less than <2 mm and functional neuroimaging outcomes consistent with existing walking movement literature. CONCLUSIONS The study extends the potential and utility for use of mobile, upright, and motion-tolerant neuroimaging devices in real-world, ecologically-valid paradigms. Our approach accounts for the real-world logistics of an actual human participant study and can be used to inform experimental physicists, engineers and imaging instrumentation developers undertaking similar future studies. The technical advances described herein help set new priorities for facilitating future neuroimaging devices and research of the human brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda K Siva
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Colson Glover
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Alexander Stolin
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sonia Chandi
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Helen Melnick
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Gary Marano
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Benjamin Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - MaryBeth Mandich
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jinyi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kaylee Nott
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stan Majewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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English BA, Ereshefsky L. Experimental Medicine Approaches in Early-Phase CNS Drug Development. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:417-455. [PMID: 36928860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, Phase 1 clinical trials were largely conducted in healthy normal volunteers and focused on collection of safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data. However, in the CNS therapeutic area, with more drugs failing in later phase development, Phase 1 trials have undergone an evolution that includes incorporation of novel approaches involving novel study designs, inclusion of biomarkers, and early inclusion of patients to improve the pharmacologic understanding of novel CNS-active compounds early in clinical development with the hope of improving success in later phase pivotal trials. In this chapter, the authors will discuss the changing landscape of Phase 1 clinical trials in CNS, including novel trial methodology, inclusion of pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and experimental medicine approaches to inform early decision-making in clinical development.
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Takamura Y, Kakuta H. In Vivo Receptor Visualization and Evaluation of Receptor Occupancy with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5226-5251. [PMID: 33905258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is useful for noninvasive in vivo visualization of disease-related receptors, for evaluation of receptor occupancy to determine an appropriate drug dosage, and for proof-of-concept of drug candidates in translational research. For these purposes, the specificity of the PET tracer for the target receptor is critical. Here, we review work in this area, focusing on the chemical structures of reported PET tracers, their Ki/Kd values, and the physical properties relevant to target receptor selectivity. Among these physical properties, such as cLogP, cLogD, molecular weight, topological polar surface area, number of hydrogen bond donors, and pKa, we focus especially on LogD and LogP as important physical properties that can be easily compared across a range of studies. We discuss the success of PET tracers in evaluating receptor occupancy and consider likely future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Neumaier F, Zlatopolskiy BD, Neumaier B. Nuclear Medicine in Times of COVID-19: How Radiopharmaceuticals Could Help to Fight the Current and Future Pandemics. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1247. [PMID: 33371500 PMCID: PMC7767508 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a continuing pandemic threat to global health. Nuclear medicine techniques can be used for functional imaging of (patho)physiological processes at the cellular or molecular level and for treatment approaches based on targeted delivery of therapeutic radionuclides. Ongoing development of radiolabeling methods has significantly improved the accessibility of radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo molecular imaging or targeted radionuclide therapy, but their use for biosafety threats such as SARS-CoV-2 is restricted by the contagious nature of these agents. Here, we highlight several potential uses of nuclear medicine in the context of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, many of which could also be performed in laboratories without dedicated containment measures. In addition, we provide a broad overview of experimental or repurposed SARS-CoV-2-targeting drugs and describe how radiolabeled analogs of these compounds could facilitate antiviral drug development and translation to the clinic, reduce the incidence of late-stage failures and possibly provide the basis for radionuclide-based treatment strategies. Based on the continuing threat by emerging coronaviruses and other pathogens, it is anticipated that these applications of nuclear medicine will become a more important part of future antiviral drug development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany; (B.D.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris D. Zlatopolskiy
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany; (B.D.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany; (B.D.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Guo H, Kommidi H, Lekaye CC, Koutcher J, Judenhofer MS, Cherry SR, Wu AP, Akin O, Souweidane MM, Aras O, Zhu Z, Ting R. A near-infrared probe for non-invasively monitoring cerebrospinal fluid flow by 18F-positron emitting tomography and fluorescence. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:37. [PMID: 32301036 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-0609-3.ejnmmi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 08/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowing the precise flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important in the management of multiple neurological diseases. Technology for non-invasively quantifying CSF flow would allow for precise localization of injury and assist in evaluating the viability of certain devices placed in the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS We describe a near-infrared fluorescent dye for accurately monitoring CSF flow by positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence. IR-783, a commercially available near-infrared dye, was chemically modified and radiolabeled with fluorine-18 to give [18F]-IR783-AMBF3. [18F]-IR783-AMBF3 was intrathecally injected into the rat models with normal and aberrant CSF flow and evaluated by the fluorescence and PET/MRI or PET/CT imaging modes. RESULTS IR783-AMBF3 was clearly distributed in CSF-containing volumes by PET and fluorescence. We compared IR783-AMBF3 (fluorescent at 778/793 nm, ex/em) to a shorter-wavelength, fluorescein equivalent (fluorescent at 495/511 nm, ex/em). IR783-AMBF3 was superior for its ability to image through blood (hemorrhage) and for imaging CSF-flow, through-skin, in subdural-run lumboperitoneal shunts. IR783-AMBF3 was safe under the tested dosage both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The superior imaging properties of IR783-AMBF3 could lead to enhanced accuracy in the treatment of patients and would assist surgeons in non-invasively diagnosing diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Harikrishna Kommidi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Carl C Lekaye
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason Koutcher
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Martin S Judenhofer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Simon R Cherry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Amy P Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Northwell Health, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| | - Oguz Akin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mark M Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Richard Ting
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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6
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Guo H, Kommidi H, Lekaye CC, Koutcher J, Judenhofer MS, Cherry SR, Wu AP, Akin O, Souweidane MM, Aras O, Zhu Z, Ting R. A near-infrared probe for non-invasively monitoring cerebrospinal fluid flow by 18F-positron emitting tomography and fluorescence. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:37. [PMID: 32301036 PMCID: PMC7163004 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-0609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowing the precise flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important in the management of multiple neurological diseases. Technology for non-invasively quantifying CSF flow would allow for precise localization of injury and assist in evaluating the viability of certain devices placed in the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS We describe a near-infrared fluorescent dye for accurately monitoring CSF flow by positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence. IR-783, a commercially available near-infrared dye, was chemically modified and radiolabeled with fluorine-18 to give [18F]-IR783-AMBF3. [18F]-IR783-AMBF3 was intrathecally injected into the rat models with normal and aberrant CSF flow and evaluated by the fluorescence and PET/MRI or PET/CT imaging modes. RESULTS IR783-AMBF3 was clearly distributed in CSF-containing volumes by PET and fluorescence. We compared IR783-AMBF3 (fluorescent at 778/793 nm, ex/em) to a shorter-wavelength, fluorescein equivalent (fluorescent at 495/511 nm, ex/em). IR783-AMBF3 was superior for its ability to image through blood (hemorrhage) and for imaging CSF-flow, through-skin, in subdural-run lumboperitoneal shunts. IR783-AMBF3 was safe under the tested dosage both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The superior imaging properties of IR783-AMBF3 could lead to enhanced accuracy in the treatment of patients and would assist surgeons in non-invasively diagnosing diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Harikrishna Kommidi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Carl C Lekaye
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason Koutcher
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Martin S Judenhofer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Simon R Cherry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Amy P Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Northwell Health, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| | - Oguz Akin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mark M Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Richard Ting
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition with onset in early childhood characterized by marked deficits in interpersonal interactions and communication and by a restricted and repetitive range of interests and activities. This review points out key recent findings utilizing molecular imaging including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and nuclear neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MRS indicates an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in high-functioning autism. Dysfunction of neurotransmitter and glucose metabolism has been demonstrated by PET and SPECT. Levels of serotonin synthesis in typically developing children are approximately twice those of adults; after the age of 5 years, levels decrease to those of adults. In contrast, levels of serotonin synthesis of children with ASD increase between ages 2 and 15 to 1.5-times adult values. The dopamine transporter is increased in the orbitofrontal cortex of men with ASD. The serotonin transporter is reduced in the brains of children, adolescents, and adults with ASD. Reduced serotonin receptors in the thalamus of adults with ASD are associated with communication difficulties. Glucose metabolism is reduced in the brains of people with ASD. Molecular imaging will provide the preliminary data for promising therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jaeho Hwang
- a Department of Neuroscience , Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Mona Adel Mohamed
- b Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - James Robert Brašić
- c Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science , School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Lever SZ, Fan KH, Lever JR. Tactics for preclinical validation of receptor-binding radiotracers. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 44:4-30. [PMID: 27755986 PMCID: PMC5161541 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspects of radiopharmaceutical development are illustrated through preclinical studies of [125I]-(E)-1-(2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(iodoallyl)piperazine ([125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE), a radioligand for sigma-1 (σ1) receptors, coupled with examples from the recent literature. Findings are compared to those previously observed for [125I]-(E)-1-(2-(2,3-dimethoxy-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(iodoallyl)piperazine ([125I]-E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE). METHODS Syntheses of E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE and [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE were accomplished by standard methods. In vitro receptor binding studies and autoradiography were performed, and binding potential was predicted. Measurements of lipophilicity and protein binding were obtained. In vivo studies were conducted in mice to evaluate radioligand stability, as well as specific binding to σ1 sites in brain, brain regions and peripheral organs in the presence and absence of potential blockers. RESULTS E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE exhibited high affinity and selectivity for σ1 receptors (Ki = 0.43 ± 0.03 nM, σ2/σ1 = 173). [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE was prepared in good yield and purity, with high specific activity. Radioligand binding provided dissociation (koff) and association (kon) rate constants, along with a measured Kd of 0.24 ± 0.01 nM and Bmax of 472 ± 13 fmol/mg protein. The radioligand proved suitable for quantitative autoradiography in vitro using brain sections. Moderate lipophilicity, Log D7.4 2.69 ± 0.28, was determined, and protein binding was 71 ± 0.3%. In vivo, high initial whole brain uptake, >6% injected dose/g, cleared slowly over 24 h. Specific binding represented 75% to 93% of total binding from 15 min to 24 h. Findings were confirmed and extended by regional brain biodistribution. Radiometabolites were not observed in brain (1%). CONCLUSIONS Substitution of dihydrobenzofuranylethyl for dimethoxyphenethyl increased radioligand affinity for σ1 receptors by 16-fold. While high specific binding to σ1 receptors was observed for both radioligands in vivo, [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE displayed much slower clearance kinetics than [125I]-E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE. Thus, minor structural modifications of σ1 receptor radioligands lead to major differences in binding properties in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Z Lever
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Kuo-Hsien Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Ishiki A, Harada R, Okamura N, Tomita N, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Yanai K, Kudo Y, Arai H, Furumoto S, Tashiro M, Furukawa K. Tau imaging with [18F]THK-5351 in progressive supranuclear palsy. Eur J Neurol 2016; 24:130-136. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ishiki
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - R. Harada
- Division of Neuro-imaging; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - N. Okamura
- Department of Pharmacology; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
- Division of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University; Sendai Japan
| | - N. Tomita
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - C. C. Rowe
- Centre for PET; Austin Health; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - V. L. Villemagne
- Centre for PET; Austin Health; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - K. Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - Y. Kudo
- Division of Neuro-imaging; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - H. Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - S. Furumoto
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry; Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Tashiro
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine; Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - K. Furukawa
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
- Division of Community of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University; Sendai Japan
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Potter WZ. Biomarkers of Brain Structure and Function for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Are They Adequate for Go/No Go Decisions in Drug Development? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 98:472-4. [PMID: 26418882 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given the high risk of developing drugs for neurodegenerative diseases if post-phase I decisions to go into efficacy studies were made with quantitative knowledge of an agent's action in brain, the risks should be diminished. Furthermore, if biomarkers were compelling, they could be utilized during a lengthy trial as an early measure of futility. What follows is one perspective on the adequacy of current and emerging measures to be applied to such decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Potter
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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