1
|
Sharif H, Hammash M, Anwer W, Hassan N, Seemi T, Sheikh SS. Evaluation of oral health among people with multimorbidity in the marginalized population of Karachi, Pakistan: A multicenter cross-sectional study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:500-515. [PMID: 38571699 PMCID: PMC10987933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health is linked to physical and mental well-being. Oral disease is common among poor and socioeconomically disadvantaged people in developing and industrialized countries. Objectives This study assessed the oral health disease burden among people with multimorbidity in marginalized populations. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted across 16 locations in the slums of Karachi, Pakistan, to assess oral health disease problems among adults aged 18 to 70 with comorbidity or multimorbidity. The questionnaire covered the socioethnic, demographic, and disease status of people with oral health status. Data analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. Results Of the 16 designated slum locations, 870 individuals were considered for oral health screening. Gingivitis was highly prevalent, 29% among slum dwellers with multimorbidity of diabetes, hepatitis, and hypertension. Dandasa was widely used as a tooth-cleansing agent in 35% of the study population. By contrast, 45.4% of people showed unsatisfactory oral hygiene conditions. Pathan ethnicity showed the highest prevalence (i.e., 29.8% of dental problems with disease multimorbidity in 26.8% of Baldia Town residents of Karachi). Of the 870 individuals, the highest frequency of dental problems was found in the age group of 18-38 years (28-42.9%) and among female participants (53.8%). Conclusion There is an urgent need for the global enhancement of public health programs, specifically focusing on implementing effective strategies to prevent oral illnesses, promote oral health, and address other chronic diseases in basic healthcare settings. Enhancing oral health poses significant difficulties, especially in less developed nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Sharif
- Research & Publication Department, SINA Health Education & Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan
- Community Health Sciences Department, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hammash
- Community Health Sciences Department, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Anwer
- Community Health Sciences Department, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nayma Hassan
- Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Seemi
- Research & Publication Department, SINA Health Education & Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana S. Sheikh
- Research & Publication Department, SINA Health Education & Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karlinsey RL, Karlinsey TR. Glycolysis and Automated Plaque Regrowth Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Performance. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:146. [PMID: 38786544 PMCID: PMC11119774 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the potential of a new in vitro method in evaluating antiplaque benefits from five sets of antimicrobial systems including cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), stannous fluoride (SnF2), Listerine essential oil mouthwashes (+/- alcohol), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and sodium fluoride. (NaF). METHODS Gingival dental plaque was collected and propagated using sterilized tryptic soy broth and sucrose, and then allocated into separate glycolysis and regrowth recipes for antiplaque evaluations. Glycolysis measurements (in duplicate) were recorded via pH microelectrode on plaque-treatment samples thermomixed (1200 rpm, 37 °C) for 4 h. For plaque regrowth, optical densities (in duplicate) were automatically collected on plaque-treatment samples using a microplate reader (linear shaking, 37 °C) from baseline to 4 h. RESULTS Calculations of percent change in pH and optical density were performed and analyzed for each set of antimicrobial treatment groups. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls stepwise comparison tests) revealed dose responses and significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatment groups, including between negative and clinically relevant positive controls. CONCLUSIONS This lab method produces results consistent with published clinical observations. This glycolysis and plaque growth method is sensitive to antimicrobial mechanisms of action, and may offer a convenient and clinically relevant screening tool in the evaluation of putative antimicrobial agents and formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Karlinsey
- Custom Dental Formulations, LLC, 1291 Airport Parkway, Suite 400, Greenwood, IN 46143, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chawhuaveang DD, Duangthip D, Chan AKY, Kar-Yan Li S, Chu CH, Yu OY. Erosive tooth wear among non-institutionalised older adults in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:53. [PMID: 38195512 PMCID: PMC10775545 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-institutionalised older adults is the majority of older adults in Hong Kong. The study aimed to examine erosive tooth wear (ETW) and its association with dental conditions and oral hygiene habits among non-institutionalised older adults in Hong Kong. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited dentate adults aged 60 or above from nine elderly daycare centres in the five main districts of Hong Kong. The study consists of a questionnaire survey and a clinical examination. A researcher used a questionnaire to collected the participants' demographic information, oral hygiene habits such as toothbrushing habits and dental visit behaviour. A calibrated examiner performed an oral examination in the daycare elderly centre to assess the ETW using basic erosive wear (BEWE) criteria. Oral hygiene was recorded using visible plaque index. Prosthetic status was recorded using the World Health Organization criteria. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlation between ETW and the dental conditions and oral hygiene habits. RESULTS This study recruited 433 dentate adults and 333 adults were female (77%). Their age ranged from 60 to 99 years and their mean age was 74 years (SD = 7). They all had ETW (BEWE > 0). Over half of them (57%) had BEWE score of 3, indicating severe ETW. Analysis showed increasing age (OR = 1.030, p = 0.029) and older adults with untreated dental caries had higher odds (OR = 1.822, p = 0.002) of presenting severe ETW. No other associations were found between the ETW and the factors studied. CONCLUSION Hong Kong non-institutionalised older adults aged 60 or above had ETW and more than half of them had severe ETW. Increasing age and having untreated dental caries were associated with severe ETW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong 3B12, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Skrypnyk M, Petrushanko T, Neporada K, Vynnyk N, Skikevych M, Skrypnyk I. The effect of body weight and psychological characteristics on periodontal disease development. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:800-807. [PMID: 38351763 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e98856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to examine the association between periodontal health in young patients with various body mass indexes and psychological traits such as temperament, level of anxiety, and autonomic nervous system tone.
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmidt J, Vogel M, Poulain T, Kiess W, Hirsch C, Ziebolz D, Haak R. Association of Oral Health Conditions in Adolescents with Social Factors and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052905. [PMID: 35270598 PMCID: PMC8910061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate associations between psychosocial factors, obesity, and oral health in a study population of 10- to 18-year-old adolescents who participated in the LIFE Child study. Psychosocial information (socioeconomic status (SES) based on parents’ education, occupation and household income, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), health-related quality of life) and physical activity behavior were obtained. Nutritional status was classified based on age- and sex-adjusted body mass index into underweight, overweight, normal weight and obese. Clinical dental examinations were performed and scored with respect to caries experience (CE), oral hygiene (OH), and periodontal status (periodontal health score: PERIO-S). Age-adjusted regression analysis under the assumption of a double Poisson distribution was performed with and without adjusting for SES (α = 5%). A total of 1158 study participants (590 girls, 568 boys; mean age 13.2 ± 2.3 years) were included (17.2% were classified as obese). CE was 20% higher for moderate and 60% higher for low SES compared to high SES (p < 0.05). PERIO-S was 10% higher for moderate and 30% higher for low compared to high SES (p < 0.05). Poor OH was associated with higher CE (Ratio R = 2.3, p < 0.0001) and PERIO-S (R = 3.1, p < 0.0001). Physical activity in a sports club was associated with lower CE-S and PERIO-S (R = 0.85, p < 0.001). Obesity was associated with increased CE (R = 1.3, p < 0.001) compared to normal weight. For low but not high SES, more reported difficulties were associated with higher CE. In conclusion, low SES, poor OH, and obesity are associated with unfavorable oral health conditions, whereas physical activity and high SES are potentially protective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.Z.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.P.); (W.K.)
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.P.); (W.K.)
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.P.); (W.K.)
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Hirsch
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.Z.); (R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim CM, Lee S, Hwang W, Son E, Kim TW, Kim K, Kim YH. Obesity and periodontitis: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:999455. [PMID: 36353241 PMCID: PMC9637837 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.999455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous 2014 meta-analysis reported a positive association between obesity and periodontitis. It was considered necessary to update the recently published papers and to analyse subgroups on important clinical variables that could affect the association between obesity and periodontitis. Therefore, we updated the latest studies and attempted to derive more refined results. METHODS All observational studies were eligible for inclusion. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively evaluate the risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients aged 18-34, 35-54, and 55+ years and the countries (European countries, USA, Brazil, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries). RESULTS Thirty-seven full-text articles were included. Obesity conferred increased odds of periodontal disease with an odds ratio (1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.75). In the subgroup analysis by age, the odds ratio was the highest in the 18-34 years group (2.21, 95% CI: 1.26-3.89). In the subgroup analysis by country, European countries had the highest odds ratio (2.46, 95% CI: 1.11-5.46). CONCLUSION Despite the differences in degree, a positive association between obesity and periodontitis was found regardless of country or age. Therefore, medical professionals should try to prevent periodontitis by controlling patient weights, and more studies should be conducted to determine the association between obesity and oral health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022301343.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Kim
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Soobin Lee
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Hwang
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Eunjeong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Kihun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kihun Kim, ; Yun Hak Kim,
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kihun Kim, ; Yun Hak Kim,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang C, Hammer FJ, Reissfelder C, Otto M, Vassilev G. Dental Erosion in Obese Patients before and after Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4902. [PMID: 34768422 PMCID: PMC8584300 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese patients are at risk of dental erosion due to micronutrient deficiency, consumption of soft drinks, gastric reflux disease and vomiting. The present study evaluates the presence of dental erosion in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery using the BEWE (basic erosive wear examination) scoring system. A total of 62 patients with severe obesity were included in the analysis, 31 in the control group (without bariatric surgery) and 31 in the surgery group (after bariatric surgery). BEWE scores did not vary between groups. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 19 patients in the control group and three in the surgery group (p < 0.001). The serum calcium and vitamin D values were significantly higher in the surgery group (p = 0.003, p < 0.001 consecutively). All patients after bariatric surgery showed compliance with supplements, including vitamin D and calcium daily. Patients after bariatric surgery were less likely to drink soft drinks regularly (p = 0.026). Obese patients, before or after bariatric surgery, are at risk for erosive dental wear. However, with sufficient education prior to surgery and consistent intake of vitamin and mineral supplements, significant erosive dental wear after bariatric surgery could be avoided. Regular dental examination should be included in the check-up and follow-up program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (C.R.); (M.O.); (G.V.)
| | - Frederik Johannes Hammer
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (C.R.); (M.O.); (G.V.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (C.R.); (M.O.); (G.V.)
| | - Mirko Otto
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (C.R.); (M.O.); (G.V.)
| | - Georgi Vassilev
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.J.H.); (C.R.); (M.O.); (G.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Augustinho do Nascimento C, Kim RR, Ferrari CR, de Souza BM, Braga AS, Magalhães AC. Effect of sweetener containing Stevia on the development of dental caries in enamel and dentin under a microcosm biofilm model. J Dent 2021; 115:103835. [PMID: 34653536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the effect of commercial and pure sweetener containing stevia to that of aspartame, to sucrose and xylitol on the development of dental caries. METHODS 228 bovine enamel and root dentin were exposed to microcosm biofilm model using human saliva. From the 2nd to the 5th day, the samples were exposed daily to McBain saliva supplemented with 0.2% of the respective sweeteners/sugar, under 5% CO2 and 37 °C. The lactic acid and the colony-forming units (CFU) were quantified. The demineralization was analyzed by TMR. The data were compared statistically (Kruskal-Wallis/ Dunn, p<0.05). RESULTS Pure stevia, pure aspartame, xylitol and control were able to significantly reduce 92% of lactate production compared to sucrose. Stevia finn, aspartame finn and sucrose showed similar production of lactic acid (around 0.45±0.12 g/L and 0.67±0.18 g/L, for enamel and dentin, p<0.0001). With respect to total lactobacilli and S. mutans/S. sobrinus CFU, xylitol and control did not show growth on enamel, while CFU numbers were found in stevia finn, aspartame finn and sucrose groups for both tissues. Enamel and dentin demineralization was significantly reduced for xylitol, control, pure stevia and pure aspartame (85% and 83% reduction, respectively) compared to stevia finn, aspartame finn and sucrose, which in turn did not differ from each other (sucrose ΔZ: 2913.7 ± 646.7 vol%.µm for enamel and 3543.3 ± 432.5 vol%.µm for dentin). CONCLUSIONS Commercial sweeteners containing stevia and aspartame proved to be as cariogenic as sucrose, which may be due to the other components, since the pure forms were not cariogenic. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study showed that some commercial sweeteners (aspartame and stevia) are as cariogenic as sucrose, which may be due to the presence of lactose. The population should be advice about the presence of lactose in such brand names, to avoid their consume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela Ricci Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ruis Ferrari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Braga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, female athlete triad, bulimia nervosa, obesity, and binge eating initially emerge during adolescence. These disorders are present primarily in females, but males may also present with these conditions. Dentistry has a pivotal role in the management of patients with such diet-related disorders. Because dentists examine their patients at frequent intervals and may be the health care professionals with whom patients feel more comfortable discussing eating disorders, dentists must have knowledge of the etiology, diagnostic criteria, systemic effects, and intraoral manifestations of eating disorders. In addition, the dental professional may be the first health care provider to identify the condition and refer the patient appropriately to medical colleagues for subsequent treatment. This chapter provides dentists with current and relevant information to recognize, diagnose, and integrate dental treatment for their adolescent patients who may exhibit manifestations of an eating disorder.
Collapse
|