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Nguyen C, Kaufman M, Vallejo A, DeParis S, Friedlander A, Frehlich L, Fredericson M. Analysis of Common Exercise Modalities in Improving Athletic Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Curr Sports Med Rep 2024; 23:245-252. [PMID: 38838688 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Exercise leads to robust cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychological benefits that improve quality of life and longevity for older adults, but accompanying improvements in athletic parameters are less well explored. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the most common exercise modalities, namely, Pilates, martial arts (tai chi, Japanese-style karate, hard martial arts), locomotion (brisk walking/jogging and running), Masters sports, resistance training, and high-intensity interval training, in improving athletic performance for older adults. Regular participation in these activities can have robust yet unique impacts on physical performance that prolong exercise participation. In particular, this review will explore benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness, power, strength, flexibility, and balance, thereby hopefully improving endurance, exercise adherence, and overall fall risk. A narrative literature review was performed to explore benefits, pitfalls, and recommendations for some of the most popular exercise modalities for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
| | - Matthew Kaufman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
| | - Adrian Vallejo
- University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah DeParis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
| | | | - Levi Frehlich
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
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Gluchowski A, Bilsborough H, Mcdermott J, Hawley-Hague H, Todd C. 'A Lot of People Just Go for Walks, and Don't Do Anything Else': Older Adults in the UK Are Not Aware of the Strength Component Embedded in the Chief Medical Officers' Physical Activity Guidelines-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610002. [PMID: 36011634 PMCID: PMC9408713 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strength recommendations have been embedded within the UK's Chief Medical Officers' physical activity guidelines since 2011. In 2019, they were given a more prominent position in the accompanying infographic. However, there is limited evidence that these recommendations have been successful in their population-wide dissemination. This study aimed to explore the engagement of community-dwelling older adults with the guidelines to date and to gain a nuanced understanding of the awareness, knowledge, and action that older adults take to fulfil strength recommendations. A total of fifteen older adults living in the UK participated in one online interview. A general inductive approach was used to generate themes from the data. There were four major themes that were found. 1. The strength component of the physical activity guidelines, 2. Barriers, 3. Motivators, and 4. Solutions. No participants were aware of the strength guidelines. When they were asked what activities they used to fulfil the 'build strength on at least two-days-per-week' criteria, walking, yoga, and Pilates were the most common responses. Ageism and strength training misconceptions were major barriers to participation in strengthening exercise. Older adults were much less aware of the benefits of building strength and strength training participation when compared to aerobic activities, so motivators to participation were generally not specific to strength training. Finally, there are several ways that practitioners can overcome the barriers to strength training participation. Solutions to improving the uptake and adherence to strength training participation are likely to be more successful when they include opportunities for social interaction, ability-appropriate challenge, and provide both short- and long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Gluchowski
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration Greater Manchester, Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Helena Bilsborough
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration Greater Manchester, Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jane Mcdermott
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Helen Hawley-Hague
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration Greater Manchester, Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chris Todd
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration Greater Manchester, Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Older People and Frailty Policy Research Unit, Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Bai X, Soh KG, Omar Dev RD, Talib O, Xiao W, Cai H. Effect of Brisk Walking on Health-Related Physical Fitness Balance and Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 9:829367. [PMID: 35174137 PMCID: PMC8841590 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.829367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the elderly frequently engages in brisk walking as a form of exercise, little has been reported in the literature about the effect of brisk walking on health-related physical fitness, balance, and overall life satisfaction. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of brisk walking on the elderly's health-related physical fitness, balance, and life satisfaction. DESIGN We conducted a comprehensive search from the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases from January to September 2021. We selected studies through PICOS and conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Thirteen studies met all criteria; 11 were classed as low risk of bias, while two were classified as high risk of bias. Generally, brisk walking has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body composition. Limited evidence was presented on flexibility, muscular endurance and development and life satisfaction, and there was conflicting evidence on balance. Moreover, evidence of restriction proves that high-intensity (80-85%) brisk walking is more effective than moderate-intensity (60-75%) brisk walking on the aerobic capacity of the elderly. Furthermore, there was less research conducted on males. CONCLUSION Brisk walking has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body composition. Other outcomes (balance, flexibility, muscular endurance, and life satisfaction) and the impact of the intensity of brisk walking on the elderly should be confirmed. Therefore, there remains insufficient research on brisk walking, while single brisk walking cannot meet requirements of elderly in terms of their health-related physical fitness, balance, and life satisfaction. Future research should aim to examine the effectiveness of combining several types of exercises to promote general health in the elderly, as the World Health Organization recommends. Unintelligible FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principles of brisk walking training should be trenched for the results of scientific and effective physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Bai
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Roxana Dev Omar Dev
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Othman Talib
- Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Haogang Cai
- School of Physical Education, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
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Moura TGD, Nagata CDA, Garcia PA. The influence of isokinetic peak torque and muscular power on the functional performance of active and inactive community-dwelling elderly: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 24:256-263. [PMID: 31000175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the importance of the isokinetic muscular torque and power of knee extensors and flexors on the functional performance of active and inactive elderly women. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 116 community-dwelling women (≥60 years old) without severe cognitive and/or motor dysfunction. Isokinetic muscle function was measured by peak torque and muscle power at 60°/s (5 repetitions) and 180°/s (15 repetitions), respectively. Mobility was evaluated by means of the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the Habitual Gait Speed (HGS) test. Balance was evaluated via the alternate step and semitandem tests. Lower limb strength was assessed using the Sit-to-stand test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between independent and dependent variables (α=0.05). RESULT Active elderly women had better muscle function and functional performance than inactive elderly women for almost all variables. Peak torque and muscular power of knee extensor muscles explained the dynamic balance, mobility, and lower limb strength among inactive elderly women (OR: 0.89-0.95; p<0.05). Muscular power of knee flexors influenced tasks that required mobility and lower limb strength among active elderly (OR: 0.82-0.87; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The muscular power of knee flexors was shown to be more important for the functional performance of active elderly women. The muscular power of knee extensors had a stronger influence on the performance of the inactive elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Gomes de Moura
- Graduation in Physical Therapy, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Almeida Nagata
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB) - Campus Ceilândia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Azevedo Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB) - Campus Ceilândia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Cherup N, Roberson K, Potiaumpai M, Widdowson K, Jaghab AM, Chowdhari S, Armitage C, Seeley A, Signorile J. Improvements in cognition and associations with measures of aerobic fitness and muscular power following structured exercise. Exp Gerontol 2018; 112:76-87. [PMID: 30223046 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognition, along with aerobic and muscular fitness, declines with age. Although research has shown that resistance and aerobic exercise may improve cognition, no consensus exists supporting the use of one approach over the other. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of steady-state, moderate-intensity treadmill training (TM) and high-velocity circuit resistance training (HVCRT) on cognition, and to examine its relationships to aerobic fitness and neuromuscular power. METHODS Thirty older adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups: HVCRT, TM, or control. Exercise groups attended training 3 days/wk for 12 weeks, following a 2 week adaptation period. The NIH Cognitive Toolbox was used to assess specific components of cognition and provided an overall fluid composite score (FCS). The walking response and inhibition test (WRIT) was specifically used to assess executive function (EF) and provided an accuracy (ACC), reaction time (RT) and global score (GS). Aerobic power (AP) and maximal neuromuscular power (MP) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Relationships between variables using baseline and mean change scores were assessed. RESULTS Significant increases were seen from baseline in ACC (MD = 14.0, SE = 4.3, p = .01, d = 1.49), GS (MD = 25.6, SE = 8.0, p = .01, d = 1.16), and AP (MD = 1.4, SE = 0.6, p = .046, d = 0.31) for HVCRT. RT showed a trend toward a significant decrease (MD = -0.03, SE = 0.016, p = .068, d = 0.32) for HVCRT. No significant within-group differences were detected for TM or CONT. Significant correlations were seen at baseline between AP and FCS, as well as other cognitive domains; but none were detected among change scores. Although no significant correlation was evident between MP and FCS or GS, there was a trend toward higher MP values being associated with higher FCS and GS scores. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the use of HVCRT over TM for improving cognition in older persons, although the precise mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Cherup
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Kirk Roberson
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Potiaumpai
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Kayla Widdowson
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Jaghab
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Sean Chowdhari
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Armitage
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Afton Seeley
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Signorile
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Center on Aging, Miami, FL, USA.
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Bernard PL, Blain H, Tallon G, Ninot G, Jaussent A, Picot MC, Belloc C, Coste O, Bousquet J, Ramdani S. Influence of a brisk walking program on postural responses in sedentary older women: a randomised trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:433-440. [PMID: 29504059 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes the evolution in kinematic and non-linear stabilometric parameters in elderly sedentary women selected to participate in a brisk walking program. Ninety-four women were randomly selected for a program of 78 sessions over 6 months, with three sessions of 60 min per week. On the force platform, participants were assessed with both eyes opened as well as eyes closed during a period of 51.2 s and the sampling frequency was 40 Hz. The main dependent kinematic variables were the length, stabilogram surface, and the mean position in anteroposterior as well as medio-lateral directions. For the dynamic approach, we have selected the parameters of recurrence quantification analysis, sample entropy, and multiscale entropy. The kinematic and the time series analysis of group × time interactions demonstrated that 6 months of walk-training lacked influence on kinematic postural responses and on dynamical measurements. The weekly brisk walking program was situated on flat ground and consisted of three 60-min weekly sessions lasting 6 months, leading to no significant effect on postural responses. In regards to international recommendations brisk walking is a pertinent exercise. However, in older sedentary women, our study indicated a systemic lack of influence of 6 months' walk-training on flat ground on kinematic postural responses and on dynamical measures obtained by time series analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Bernard
- Euromov, University of Montpellier, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - H Blain
- Euromov, University of Montpellier, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Antonin Balmes Center, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G Tallon
- Euromov, University of Montpellier, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - G Ninot
- EA 4556 Epsylon, University de Montpellier, 4 Boulevard Henri 4, Montpellier, France
| | - A Jaussent
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, University de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - M C Picot
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, University de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - C Belloc
- Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, University de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - O Coste
- DRJSCS, 3 Avenue C. Flahault, Montpellier, France
| | - J Bousquet
- MACVIA-LR, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - S Ramdani
- Euromov, University of Montpellier, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France
- CNRS-University of Montpellier, LIRMM, Interactive Digital Humans group, 161 rue Ada, 34095, Montpellier, France
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Psurny M, Svoboda Z, Janura M, Kubonova E, Bizovska L, Martinez Lemos RI, Abrantes J. The Effects of Nordic Walking and Slope of the Ground on Lower Limb Muscle Activity. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 32:217-222. [PMID: 29257796 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psurny, M, Svoboda, Z, Janura, M, Kubonova, E, Bizovska, L, Martinez Lemos, RI, and Abrantes, J. The effects of Nordic walking and slope of the ground on lower limb muscle activity. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 217-222, 2018-Nordic walking (NW) has proven to be a simple and safe mode of exercise that can be used in various types of sport, recreation, and rehabilitation activities. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nordic walking and slope of the ground on lower limb muscle activity. The experimental group consisted of 22 healthy men (aged 22.8 ± 1.4 years). The subjects walked on a treadmill at a self-selected speed. Two walking conditions (NW and walking) and 2 ground slopes (level ground and uphill walking at an 8% incline) were used. The surface electromyographic signals of the gastrocnemius lateralis, tibialis anterior, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gluteus medius were recorded. Nordic walking resulted in increased activity of some lower limb muscles, particularly during the first half of the stance phase, and decreased muscle activity during the first half of the swing phase. Uphill walking elicited increased muscle activity compared with level walking, particularly during the stance phase and the second half of the swing phase during both walking and NW, and the change was more pronounced during walking. We concluded that NW increased muscle activity in the lower extremities compared with walking, particularly on level ground. Increasing the ground slope enhanced the muscle activity to a much greater extent than NW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Psurny
- 1Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic;2Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; and3MovLab, CICANT, Lusofona University of Humanities and Technology, Lisbon, Portugal
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Da Rocha ES, Kunzler MR, Bobbert MF, Duysens J, Carpes FP. 30 min of treadmill walking at self-selected speed does not increase gait variability in independent elderly. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1305-1311. [PMID: 28869740 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1375139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Walking is one of the preferred exercises among elderly, but could a prolonged walking increase gait variability, a risk factor for a fall in the elderly? Here we determine whether 30 min of treadmill walking increases coefficient of variation of gait in elderly. Because gait responses to exercise depend on fitness level, we included 15 sedentary and 15 active elderly. Sedentary participants preferred a lower gait speed and made smaller steps than the actives. Step length coefficient of variation decreased ~16.9% by the end of the exercise in both the groups. Stride length coefficient of variation decreased ~9% after 10 minutes of walking, and sedentary elderly showed a slightly larger step width coefficient of variation (~2%) at 10 min than active elderly. Active elderly showed higher walk ratio (step length/cadence) than sedentary in all times of walking, but the times did not differ in both the groups. In conclusion, treadmill gait kinematics differ between sedentary and active elderly, but changes over time are similar in sedentary and active elderly. As a practical implication, 30 min of walking might be a good strategy of exercise for elderly, independently of the fitness level, because it did not increase variability in step and stride kinematics, which is considered a risk of fall in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel S Da Rocha
- a Graduate Program in Physical Education , Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil.,b Applied Neuromechanics Research Group , Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil
| | - Marcos R Kunzler
- b Applied Neuromechanics Research Group , Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil
| | - Maarten F Bobbert
- b Applied Neuromechanics Research Group , Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil.,c MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences , VU University Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Duysens
- b Applied Neuromechanics Research Group , Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil.,d Research Center for Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Department of Kinesiology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Felipe P Carpes
- a Graduate Program in Physical Education , Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil.,b Applied Neuromechanics Research Group , Federal University of Pampa , Uruguaiana , Brazil
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Blain H, Jaussent A, Picot MC, Maimoun L, Coste O, Masud T, Bousquet J, Bernard PL. Effect of a 6-Month Brisk Walking Program on Walking Endurance in Sedentary and Physically Deconditioned Women Aged 60 or Older: A Randomized Trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1183-1189. [PMID: 29188878 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking endurance is a predictor of healthy ageing. OBJECTIVE To examine if a 6-month brisk walking program can increase walking endurance in sedentary and physically deconditioned older women. TRIAL DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Women recruited from public meetings aimed at promoting physical activity in women aged 60 or older. SUBJECTS 121 women aged 65.7 ± 4.3 years, with sedentary lifestyle (Physical Activity Questionnaire for the Elderly score < 9.4), and a 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) below normal value based on their gender, age, and body weight, and weight. METHODS Women were randomly assigned to a 150 min/week brisk walking program (two supervised sessions and one session on their own per week) for six months (exercisers) (n=61) or a control group with physical activity allowed freely (n=60). OUTCOME The primary outcome was relative change in 6MWD. RESULTS 54/61 exercisers and 55/60 control subjects completed the program and data analysis was possible for 51 exercisers and 47 controls. At baseline, 6MWD was on average 23.1% and 22.5% below age-matched norms in exercisers and controls, respectively. Attendance rate for supervised sessions was 92% in exercisers. The 6MWD increased more significantly in exercisers than in controls (mean increase of 41.5% vs 11.0 %; p<0.0001). Over the 6-month program, 38 exercisers (74.5%) vs 5 controls (10.6%) had a 6MWD over the age-matched norm (p<0.0001). Exercisers with the highest tertile of 6MWD improvement (>46%) were those with baseline lowest values of 6MWD (p=0.001) and highest values of body mass index (BMI) (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Present results support recommendation that brisk walking programs should be encouraged to improve walking endurance in physically deconditioned women aged 60 or older, especially in those with high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blain
- H. Blain, Centre de Prévention et de Traitement des Maladies du Vieillissement Antonin Balmès, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France,
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