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Pan R, Wu D, Hu J, Dou W, Gao C, Li BM, Jia X. Temporal recall in the shadow of emotion: separate emotional contexts during encoding enhance the temporal source memory retrieval. Cogn Emot 2025; 39:196-209. [PMID: 39431973 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2415485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Episodic memory, with its emphasis on temporal-spatial contexts, has been a longstanding focus in memory research. While previous studies have investigated the role of emotion in temporal source memory using emotionally charged stimuli, such as emotional words or images, the influence of a separated emotional context remains less explored. This study sought to understand the impact of separate emotional contexts on temporal source memory. Participants were shown Chinese characters alongside separate emotional contexts (i.e. a neutral or negative picture) and then engaged in either a retrieval practice or a control condition. Finally, they were tested for recognition, temporal source memory, and emotional source memory for all the learned characters. Results revealed that a negative emotional context, unlike a neutral setting, enhanced the accuracy of temporal memory for adjacent neutral characters. However, this negative context reduced the accuracy of recalling the associated emotion. Importantly, the boost in temporal memory due to the emotional context remained even when participants were unsure or mistaken about the associated emotion. This study demonstrates the complex interplay between emotion and temporal memory, underscoring the enhancement effect of separated emotional contexts on temporal recall, irrespective of explicit emotional memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Pan
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanji Gao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Ming Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Jia
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Lohnas LJ, Howard MW. The influence of emotion on temporal context models. Cogn Emot 2025; 39:18-46. [PMID: 39007902 PMCID: PMC11733071 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2371075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Temporal context models (TCMs) have been influential in understanding episodic memory and its neural underpinnings. Recently, TCMs have been extended to explain emotional memory effects, one of the most clinically important findings in the field of memory research. This review covers recent advances in hypotheses for the neural representation of spatiotemporal context through the lens of TCMs, including their ability to explain the influence of emotion on episodic and temporal memory. In recent years, simplifying assumptions of "classical" TCMs - with exponential trace decay and the mechanism by which temporal context is recovered - have become increasingly clear. The review also outlines how recent advances could be incorporated into a future TCM, beyond classical assumptions, to integrate emotional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn J Lohnas
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Marc W Howard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Di Crosta A, La Malva P, Ceccato I, Prete G, Mammarella N, Di Domenico A, Palumbo R. Age-related differences on temporal source memory by using dynamic stimuli: the effects of POV and emotional valence. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:1114-1121. [PMID: 38626112 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2342384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted that temporal source memory can be influenced by factors such as the individual's age and the emotional valence of the event to be remembered. In this study, we investigated how the different points of view (POVs) from which an event is presented could interact with the relationship between age-related differences and emotional valence on temporal source memory. One hundred and forty-one younger adults (aged 18-30) and 90 older adults (aged 65-74) were presented with a series of emotional videos shot from different POVs (first vs. third-person) in three sessions. In the fourth session, participants were asked to indicate in which session (1, 2, or 3) they viewed each video. The results indicated that the first-person POV amplified the effects of the emotional valence on temporal source memory. Only in this experimental condition, older adults "pushed away" negative stimuli by perceiving them as more distant in time, and "kept closer" positive stimuli by perceiving them as more recent. In comparison, younger adults "kept closer" positive stimuli. These findings add to the existing literature on the positivity effect on temporal source memory and highlighted the importance of considering the POV in relation to the emotional valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Prete
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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4
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Aging and Mixed Emotions: A Word-Suffix Approach in Free Recall. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020160. [PMID: 36829389 PMCID: PMC9952407 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated mixed-emotional memories in groups of young, young-old, and old-old participants. We used a "word-suffix approach" to simulate the co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions. The participants engaged in a free-recall task for valenced words and mixed-emotional words (valenced words coupled with pejorative or endearment suffixes). Our results showed that the groups of older adults recalled higher numbers of suffixed words compared to their younger counterparts. Our findings highlighted older adults' tendency to perceive and remember emotionally ambivalent words to a greater extent than younger adults and showed that the young-old participants were particularly good at solving ambivalence by focusing on positive-dominant ambivalent words.
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Ceccato I, La Malva P, Di Crosta A, Palumbo R, Gatti M, Momi D, Logrieco MGM, Fasolo M, Mammarella N, Borella E, Di Domenico A. "When did you see it?" The effect of emotional valence on temporal source memory in aging. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:987-994. [PMID: 35484913 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2069683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies consistently showed age-related differences in temporal judgment and temporal memory. Importantly, emotional valence plays a crucial role in older adults' information processing. In this study, we examined the effects of emotions at the intersection between time and memory, analysing age-related differences in a temporal source memory task. Twenty-five younger adults (age range 18-35), 25 old adults (age range 65-74), and 25 old-old adults (age range 75-84) saw a series of emotional pictures in three sessions separated by a one-day rest period. In the fourth session, participants were asked to indicate in which session (1, 2, or 3) they saw each picture. Results showed that old-old adults tended to collocate negative pictures distant in time, while positive stimuli were remembered as more recent than real, compared to neutral pictures. To a lower extent, people over 65 showed the same pattern of results. In contrast, emotional valence did not affect younger adults' temporal positioning of stimuli. Current findings fit well with the Socio-Emotional Selectivity Theory's assumptions and extended the literature on the positivity effect to temporal source memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ceccato
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Gatti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Momi
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics - KCNI, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Grazia Mada Logrieco
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erika Borella
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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La Malva P, Ceccato I, Di Crosta A, Marin A, Fasolo M, Palumbo R, Mammarella N, Palumbo R, Di Domenico A. Updating the Chieti Affective Action Videos database with older adults. Sci Data 2021; 8:272. [PMID: 34671064 PMCID: PMC8528804 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Validation of the Chieti Affective Action Videos (CAAV) database was replicated with a sample of older adults (age range 65-93). When designing experimental studies of emotions, it is crucial to take into consideration the differences in emotional processing between young and older adults. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to provide an appropriate dataset for the use of CAAV in aging research. For this reason, the CAAV administration and the data collection methodology was faithfully replicated in a sample of 302 older adults. All the 360 standardized stimuli were evaluated on the emotional dimensions of valence and arousal. The CAAV validation in an older adults' population increases the potential use of this innovative tool. The present validation supports the use of the CAAV database in future experimental studies on cognitive functions in healthy and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPUTer), University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics, Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Marin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Riccardo Palumbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics, Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPUTer), University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPUTer), University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPUTer), University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Petrucci AS, Palombo DJ. A matter of time: how does emotion influence temporal aspects of remembering? Cogn Emot 2021; 35:1499-1515. [PMID: 34496726 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1976733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal context is an intrinsic aspect of episodic memory. Although a large literature has demonstrated that emotion enhances episodic memory, less research has considered whether and how emotion affects memory for the timing of an experience, despite theoretical and practical importance. In this review, we bridge three heavily researched cognitive domains - memory, emotion, and time - by discussing findings from a burgeoning literature on their intersection. We identify and review two broad ways in which memory for time has been conceptualised in the emotional memory literature, namely (1) memory for relative aspects of event timing ("when" an event detail occurred), which includes studies of temporal-order and source memory; and (2) memory for the time that elapsed during an event ("how long"), which includes studies of retrospective duration estimation. Emerging trends demonstrate that although temporal-order memory can be impaired or enhanced by emotion depending on study demands, temporal source memory, instead, is usually enhanced. Studies of duration memory show that the remembered duration of negative experiences is dilated, but it is less clear how duration memory is affected for positive events. These findings are considered under the lens of broader emotional memory literature theories, and directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria S Petrucci
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Padulo C, Mammarella N, Brancucci A, Altamura M, Fairfield B. The effects of music on spatial reasoning. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 84:1723-1728. [PMID: 30949788 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the effects of music on spatial reasoning report conflicting results. Some studies show slight effects, and others show no effects but few seem to replicate the strong findings of the first study published in Rauscher et al. Nature, 365(6447), 611-612, (1993). Nonetheless, the debate about the performance enhancing "Mozart effect" remains to be of great interest. In this study, we manipulated different physical parameters of sound traces (amplitude and frequency) to investigate whether particular dimensions may explain the enhancement effects found in spatial tasks following music listening. To this end, we asked 179 undergraduates and 183 older adults to listen to 5-min sound traces (Mozart KV 448, amplitude modulation tone, frequency modulation tone, white noise) and then complete a spatial reasoning task. In particular, results showed that repetitive frequency changes, as occurring in Mozart's melodies or in a frequency modulation tone, enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Padulo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,CeSI-Met, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,CeSI-Met, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brancucci
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Beth Fairfield
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy. .,CeSI-Met, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
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Palumbo R, Di Domenico A. Editorial: New Boundaries Between Aging, Cognition, and Emotions. Front Psychol 2018; 9:973. [PMID: 29951025 PMCID: PMC6009269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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