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King JD, Bobal AM. A Building Block of Empathy: Establishing a Graphic Medicine Collection in an Academic Health Sciences Library. Med Ref Serv Q 2024; 43:95-105. [PMID: 38722604 DOI: 10.1080/02763869.2024.2329016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
To help address the well-being of the campus and contribute to empathy building amongst students pursuing careers as healthcare providers, an academic health sciences library built a graphic novel collection focused on comics that discuss medical conditions and health-related topics. The collection contains the experiences of patients, providers, and caregivers. The reader-friendly format of graphic novels provides an easy entry point for discussing empathy with health professions faculty and students. The collection has been used in the classroom during library instruction sessions, with the idea of integrating it within the curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess D King
- McGoogan Health Sciences Library, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Alison M Bobal
- McGoogan Health Sciences Library, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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Ghosh R, Cohen SR, Subramaniam N, Handu S, Vincent D, Lloyd M, Thorn K, Harris HB, Jenny A, Walker D. A comic based interactive digital intervention to enhance facilitation skills of nurse mentors in public facilities - results of a pilot intervention in Bihar, India. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2185365. [PMID: 36940106 PMCID: PMC10035940 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2185365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various trainings are designed to educate nurses to become simulation educators. However, there are no good strategies to sustain their learnings and keep them engaged. We developed a series of 10 interactive digital storytelling comic episodes 'The Adventures of Super Divya (SD)' to strengthen simulation educator's facilitation knowledge, skills, confidence, and engagement. This endline evaluation presents results on the change in knowledge after watching the episodes and retention of that knowledge over 10 months. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this pilot study are to: 1) assess the change in knowledge between the baseline and post-episode surveys; and 2) understand the retention of knowledge between the post-episode and the endline survey. METHODS A human-centred design was used to create the episodes grounded in the lived experience of nurse simulation educators. The heroine of the comic is Divya, a 'Super Facilitator' and her nemesis is Professor Agni who wants to derail simulation as an educational strategy inside obstetric facilities. Professor Agni's schemes represent real-life challenges; and SD uses effective facilitation and communication to overcome them. The episodes were shared with a group of nurse mentors (NM) and nurse mentor supervisors (NMS) who were trained to be champion simulation educators in their own facilities. To assess change in knowledge, we conducted a baseline, nine post-episode surveys and an endline survey between May 2021 and February 2022. RESULTS A total 110 NM and 50 NMS watched all 10 episodes and completed all of the surveys. On average, knowledge scores increased by 7-9 percentage points after watching the episodes. Comparison of survey responses obtained between 1 and 10 months suggest that the gain in knowledge was largely retained over time. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that this interactive comic series was successful in a resource limited setting at engaging simulation educators and helped to maintain their facilitation knowledge over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ghosh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susanna R Cohen
- LIFT Simulation Design Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nidhi Subramaniam
- Department of Simulation Implementation Research, PRONTO India Foundation, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- PRONTO India Foundation, Patna, India
| | | | - Divya Vincent
- Department of Simulation Implementation Research, PRONTO India Foundation, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- PRONTO India Foundation, Patna, India
| | - Mikelle Lloyd
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Alisa Jenny
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dilys Walker
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yaden ME, Sawaya RT, Reddy J, Jong KA, White J, Moniz T, Chisolm MS. A systematic review of the arts and humanities in psychiatry education. Int Rev Psychiatry 2023; 35:540-550. [PMID: 38461397 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2278718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review characterizes the published literature on arts and humanities curricula for psychiatry learners that include any form of program evaluation. Authors searched three databases (Medline ALL, Embase.com, and PsycINFO) to identify articles on arts and humanities in psychiatry education. Criteria for the review included articles reporting outcome measures for arts and humanities learning activities in psychiatry learners. For those articles meeting inclusion criteria, a descriptive analysis was performed as well as an assessment of the level of program evaluation using the Kirkpatrick framework. Of 1,287 articles identified, 35 met inclusion criteria. About half of the programs included medical students (n = 17, 49%). Film and television was the most frequent arts and humanities subject (n = 16, 46%). Most studies incorporated a non-randomized, non-controlled design (n = 30, 86%). Twenty-two (63%) achieved a Kirkpatrick Level 1 designation, 12 achieved Level 2 (34%), and one study achieved Level 3 (3%). Arts and humanities programs have a promising role in psychiatry education. At present, significant heterogeneity in the extant literature makes it difficult to draw general conclusions that could guide future program development. This review underscores the need for rigorous evaluative methods of arts and humanities programs for psychiatry learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Yaden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rayah T Sawaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine A Jong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jacob White
- Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy Moniz
- Department of Communication Studies, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Margaret S Chisolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Consorti F, Fiorucci S, Martucci G, Lai S. Graphic Novels and Comics in Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Students Education: A Scoping Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2262-2275. [PMID: 37887161 PMCID: PMC10606189 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing use of graphic novels and comics (GnCs) in medical education, especially-but not only-to provide students with a vicarious learning experience in some areas of clinical medicine (palliative care, difficult communication, and rare diseases). This scoping review aimed to answer questions about how GnCs are used, the theories underlying their use, and the learning outcomes. Twenty-nine articles were selected from bibliographic databases and analyzed. A thematic analysis revealed four many themes: learning outcomes, students' reactions, theories and methods, and use of GnCs as vicarious learning. GnCs can support the achievement of cognitive outcomes, as well as soft skills and professionalism. The reactions were engagement and amusement, but drawing comics was also perceived as a protected space to express concerns. GnCs proved to be a possible way to provide a vicarious experience for learning. We found two classes of theories on the use of GnCs: psychological theories based on the dual concurrent coding of text and images and semiotics theories on the interpretation of signs. All the studies but two were single arm and observational, quantitative, qualitative, or mixed. These results suggest that further high-quality research on the use of GnC in medical training is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Consorti
- Department of General Surgery, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Lai
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Pomputius A, Tennant MR. Assessing Health Students' Knowledge of and Perceived Utility and Effectiveness of Graphic Medicine Materials. Med Ref Serv Q 2023; 42:330-345. [PMID: 37899358 DOI: 10.1080/02763869.2023.2260674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Librarians can participate in the innovative field of graphic medicine by developing a collection of this genre. To assess the appropriateness of a graphic medicine collection in a university health science library, this study assessed knowledge of and usage of graphic medicine materials, as well as the materials' perceived utility and effectiveness. Given that responses suggested that graphic medicine resources can be useful to educational and clinical initiatives, it is reasonable for health science libraries to collect in this area. Further research in a practical setting can help illuminate the true effectiveness of graphic medicine materials in these realms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Pomputius
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michele R Tennant
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Hoffman A. Using Graphic Narratives in Pharmacy Education. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:ajpe8797. [PMID: 34933900 PMCID: PMC10159020 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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De Stefano A, Rusciano I, Moretti V, Scavarda A, Green MJ, Wall S, Ratti S. Graphic medicine meets human anatomy: The potential role of comics in raising whole body donation awareness in Italy and beyond. A pilot study. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2023; 16:209-223. [PMID: 36346170 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadaver dissection has always played a fundamental role in medical education. However, especially in Italy, the topic of body donation has remained partially unknown for years. The current study analyses graphic medicine as a new possible communication tool, evaluating and reflecting, with second-year students enrolled in the International School of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Bologna, about its potentialities for body donation awareness-raising in both the scientific community and the general population. For the first time in an Italian University, two graphic medicine workshops were organized focusing on human anatomy and body donation. Seminars were positively evaluated by students using a four items Likert-scale question: mean 3.54 (± SD 0.73) for the Likert question about the experiences of the workshops; 3.88 (± 0.33) for the Likert question regarding the use of graphic medicine in body donation awareness campaigns among the general population; 3.59 (± 0.65) for the Likert question regarding the use of graphic medicine in body donation awareness campaigns among the scientific community. Furthermore, the open-ended questions included in the anonymous questionnaire were analyzed using the constructivist grounded qualitative analysis, whence various themes emerged. Finally, five graphic medicine projects about body donation were created by students, proving their interest in testing this method to promote body donation, focusing the attention on different communicative aspects. Considering the results of this pilot study, the co-creative collaborative use of graphic medicine could be evaluated as an additional strategy to increase body donation awareness-raising in Italy and beyond, especially in the non-experts' community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia De Stefano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Moretti
- Department of Sociology and Business Law, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Scavarda
- Department of Culture, Politics and Society, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael J Green
- Department of Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shelley Wall
- Biomedical Communications Graduate Program, Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Centre, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Kalra A, Subramaniam N, Longkumer O, Siju M, Jose LS, Srivastava R, Lin S, Handu S, Murugesan S, Lloyd M, Madriz S, Jenny A, Thorn K, Calkins K, Breeze-Harris H, Cohen SR, Ghosh R, Walker D. Super Divya, an Interactive Digital Storytelling Instructional Comic Series to Sustain Facilitation Skills of Labor and Delivery Nurse Mentors in Bihar, India-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052675. [PMID: 35270366 PMCID: PMC8910046 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To improve the quality of intrapartum care in public health facilities of Bihar, India, a statewide quality improvement program was implemented. Nurses participated in simulation sessions to improve their clinical, teamwork, and communication skills. Nurse mentors, tasked with facilitating these sessions, received training in best practices. To support the mentors in the on-going facilitation of these trainings, we developed a digital, interactive, comic series starring “Super Divya”, a simulation facilitation superhero. The objective of these modules was to reinforce key concepts of simulation facilitation in a less formal and more engaging way than traditional didactic lessons. This virtual platform offers the flexibility to watch modules frequently and at preferred times. This pilot study involved 205 simulation educators who were sent one module at a time. Shortly before sending the first module, nurses completed a baseline knowledge survey, followed by brief surveys after each module to assess change in knowledge. Significant improvements in knowledge were observed across individual scores from baseline to post-survey. A majority found Super Divya modules to be acceptable and feasible to use as a learning tool. However, a few abstract concepts in the modules were not well-understood, suggesting that more needs to be done to communicate their core meaning of these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kalra
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (A.K.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (A.J.); (D.W.)
| | | | - Ojungsangla Longkumer
- PRONTO India Foundation, Patna 800025, Bihar, India; (O.L.); (M.S.); (L.S.J.); (R.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Manju Siju
- PRONTO India Foundation, Patna 800025, Bihar, India; (O.L.); (M.S.); (L.S.J.); (R.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Liya Susan Jose
- PRONTO India Foundation, Patna 800025, Bihar, India; (O.L.); (M.S.); (L.S.J.); (R.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- PRONTO India Foundation, Patna 800025, Bihar, India; (O.L.); (M.S.); (L.S.J.); (R.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Sunny Lin
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (A.K.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (A.J.); (D.W.)
| | - Seema Handu
- PRONTO India Foundation, Patna 800025, Bihar, India; (O.L.); (M.S.); (L.S.J.); (R.S.); (S.H.)
| | | | - Mikelle Lloyd
- Department of OB/GYN, The University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (M.L.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Solange Madriz
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (A.K.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (A.J.); (D.W.)
| | - Alisa Jenny
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (A.K.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (A.J.); (D.W.)
| | - Kevin Thorn
- NuggetHead Studioz, LLC, 1862 Gracie Road, Hernando, MS 38632, USA;
| | - Kimberly Calkins
- PRONTO International, 5419 Greenwood Ave N, Seattle, WA 98103, USA; (K.C.); (H.B.-H.)
| | - Heidi Breeze-Harris
- PRONTO International, 5419 Greenwood Ave N, Seattle, WA 98103, USA; (K.C.); (H.B.-H.)
| | - Susanna R. Cohen
- Department of OB/GYN, The University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (M.L.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Rakesh Ghosh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (A.K.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (A.J.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dilys Walker
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (A.K.); (S.L.); (S.M.); (A.J.); (D.W.)
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Ronan LK, Czerwiec MK. A Novel Graphic Medicine Curriculum for Resident Physicians: Boosting Empathy and Communication through Comics. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2020; 41:573-578. [PMID: 32809157 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-020-09654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Curricular design that addresses residency physician competencies in communication skills and professionalism remains a challenge. Graphic Medicine (GM) uses comics, a medium combining text and images, to communicate healthcare concepts. Narrative Medicine, in undergraduate medical education, has limited reported usage in Graduate Medical Education (GME). Given the time constraints and intensity of GME, we hypothesized that comics as a form of narrative medicine would be an efficient medium to engage residents.The authors created a novel curriculum to promote effective communication and professionalism, focusing on empathy, compassion and cultural competency. A four-week curriculum was delivered in a neurology residency program. Excerpts from non-fiction graphic memoirs about neurological conditions were read, discussed, and paired with prompt-driven drawing exercises. Qualitative surveys were used to assess acceptability of comics, usefulness of comics to convey patient illness experience, and perception of patient needs for physician-patient communication.Ninety-seven percent of residents reported the sessions were a good use of their time. Residents identified new symptoms of neurologic disorders, articulated patient communication needs, and expressed increased empathy after participation. Residents participated in drawing exercises, but these were not formally analyzed. Graphic medicine is a well received format that may build communication skills and increase empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara K Ronan
- Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanona, NH, USA.
| | - M K Czerwiec
- Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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