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Xu S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Han Y, Zhang C. Comparison the effects of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol and GnRH-a long protocol in patients with normal ovarian reserve function. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2217263. [PMID: 37236243 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2217263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol and GnRH-a long protocol in infertility patients with normal ovarian reserve function undergoing invitro fertilization and embryo transfer. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 2013 cycles of patients with normal ovarian reserve function who underwent invitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) in the Department of Human Reproductive Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine from January 2018 and June 2020. The PPOS protocol group included 679 cycles and GnRH-along protocol group included 1334 cycles, the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The duration of Gn used and total Gn used dosage in the PPOS protocol group were less than those in the GnRH-along protocol group (Duration of Gn used: 10.05 ± 1.48 vs 11.90 ± 1.85 d, p < 0.001; Total Gn used dosage: 1944.49 ± 533.61 vs 2661.34 ± 987.97 IU, p < 0.001); The LH levels were significantly higher on HCG trigger day in PPOS protocol compared to GnRH-a long protocol (2.8 ± 1 ± 1.07 vs 1.01 ± 0.62 IU/L, p < 0.001), the E2 levels on HCG trigger day in PPOS protocol group was lower than that in the GnRH-a long protocol group (2135.92 ± 1387.00 vs 2417.01 ± 1010.70 pg/mL, p < 0. 001). The number of oocytes retrieved in the PPOS protocol group was lower than that in the GnRH-along protocol group (8.03 ± 2.86 vs 9.47 ± 2.64, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in pregnancy outcome including clinical pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate and ectopic pregnancy rate between the two group (p > 0.05); In addition, no severe OHSS occurred in the PPOS protocol group during ovulation induction, while 11 patients of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurred in GnRH-a long protocol group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of PPOS protocol combining embryo cryopreservation is comparable to that of GnRH-a long protocol in patients with normal ovarian reserve function, and the PPOS protocol is able to reduce the incidence of severe OHSS significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyuan Xu
- Department of Human Reproductive Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Human Reproductive Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Human Reproductive Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Human Reproductive Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- Department of Human Reproductive Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Biomedical Engineering College, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Guo Z, Chen S, Chen Z, Hu P, Hao Y, Yu Q. Predictors of response to ovulation induction using letrozole in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:90. [PMID: 37098539 PMCID: PMC10127327 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the initial screening characteristics of women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who did or did not respond to 2.5 mg letrozole (LET). METHODS The clinical and laboratory characteristics of women with PCOS who underwent LET treatment were evaluated. Women with PCOS were stratified according to their responses to LET (2.5 mg). The potential predictors of their responses to LET were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Our retrospective study included 214 eligible patients with a response to 2.5 mg LET (n = 131) or no response to 2.5 mg LET (n = 83). PCOS patients who responded to 2.5 mg LET showed better outcomes than those who did not (2.5 mg LET) for pregnancy rate, live birth rate, pregnancy rate per patient, and live birth rate per patient. Logistic regression analyses showed that late menarche (odds ratio [OR], 1.79 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.22-2.64], P = 0.003), and increased anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.02-1.23], P = 0.02), baseline luteinizing hormone (LH)/ follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (OR, 3.73 [95% CI, 2.12-6.64], P < 0.001), and free androgen index (FAI) (OR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.16-1.64], P < 0.001) were associated with a higher possibility of no response to 2.5 mg LET. CONCLUSIONS PCOS patients with an increased LH/FSH ratio, AMH, FAI, and late menarche may need an increased dosage of LET for a treatment response, which could be helpful in designing a personalized treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Xia Q, Xie L, Wu Q, Cong J, Ma H, Li J, Cai W, Wu X. Elevated baseline LH/FSH ratio is associated with poor ovulatory response but better clinical pregnancy and live birth in Chinese women with PCOS after ovulation induction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13024. [PMID: 36711322 PMCID: PMC9876966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background What is the association between elevated baseline LH/FSH ratio and reproductive outcomes, especially ovulatory response, among Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) after ovulation induction. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial in 1000 women with PCOS from 21 sites (27 hospitals) in Mainland China. LH and FSH levels before ovulation induction and the main outcomes including ovulation, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth were measured. A linear regression model, logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to estimate the association between LH/FSH ratios and reproductive outcomes in PCOS. Results LH/FSH ratio was significantly associated with age, body mass index (BMI), total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), free testosterone (FT), and antimullerian hormone (AMH). Anovulatory women had significantly higher LH/FSH ratio than ovulatory women (P = 0.003), especially in women with young age (P = 0.023), high BMI (P = 0.002), low E2 (P = 0.002), FT (P = 0.010), TT (P < 0.001) and AMH(P = 0.032). Women with elevated LH/FSH ratio were associated with lower ovulation (LH/FSH≥1 OR = 0.42, 95% CI, 0.26-0.68; LH/FSH≥2 OR = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.20-0.54; LH/FSH≥3 OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.21-0.74) when compared with LH/FSH<1. The association was held after adjustment for treatment with or without the confounding factors. Although no association between LH/FSH ratio and biochemical pregnancy, women with 1 ≤ LH/FSH<2 were associated with higher clinical pregnancy (OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.09-2.67) and live birth (OR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.09-2.75) compared to women with LH/FSH<1. Women with 2 ≤ LH/FSH<3 were associated with lower miscarriage rate (OR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.93). Conclusions Elevated baseline LH/FSH ratio in women with PCOS was associated with poor ovulatory response, but women were more likely to achieve clinical pregnancy and live birth than women with normal LH/FSH. It suggests LH and FSH in women with PCOS may play a role in successful pregnancy despite of negative impact in ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Liangzhen Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongli Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City 999077, Hong Kong,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital, Gui Zhou Medical University, Gui Zhou 550000, China
| | - Wangyu Cai
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Xiaoke Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China,Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China,Corresponding author. First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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Hou E, Yan J, Zhu X, Qiao J. High-salt diet contributes to excess oxidative stress and abnormal metabolism in mouse ovaries. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5500. [PMID: 36068010 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
High-salt diets (HSDs) are associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a key role in ovarian disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether HSDs impact ovarian redox balance and metabolism. Accordingly, in this study, we analyzed the effect of HSDs on ovarian redox balance by biochemical analysis and further dissected its possible mechanism by metabolic analysis combined with correlation network method. We found that ROS and H2 O2 levels were significantly increased in the ovarian tissue of mice receiving an HSD for 4 weeks. The enhanced activity of NADPH oxidase may contribute to an increase in ROS in ovarian tissue after excessive salt consumption. Meanwhile, the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase increased significantly. The apparent activation of antioxidant defense appeared insufficient as the glutathione, GSH/GSSG ratio, and NADPH/NADP+ ratio decreased significantly. In addition, HSDs significantly altered the metabolic patterns of ovarian tissue in mice, and pathways were mainly enriched in fatty acid metabolism. Arachidonic acid was an altered hub metabolite according to Pearson correlation network analysis. Mechanistically, an HSD increased the concentration of arachidonic acid in ovarian tissue, inducing high NADPH oxidase activity, which increased the levels of ROS and H2 O2 . Our results indicate that HSDs can lead to increased oxidative stress and dramatically alter the metabolic patterns in mouse ovarian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entai Hou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
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Association between baseline LH/FSH and live-birth rate after fresh-embryo transfer in polycystic ovary syndrome women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20490. [PMID: 34650180 PMCID: PMC8516967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to retrospectively analyse the effect of the baseline luteinising hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (bLH/FSH) on the live-birth rate per fresh-embryo transfer cycle (LBR/ET) in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who received a fresh-embryo transfer. A total of 424 patients with PCOS who underwent the first cycle of in vitro fertilisation (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) fresh-embryo transfer at our hospital was enrolled. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, along with curve fitting and a threshold effect analysis, were performed. Baseline LH/FSH levels were a significant (P < 0.05) independent risk factor affecting live birth. In the first IVF/ICSI antagonist treatment cycles, LBR/ET after fresh-embryo transfer was relatively flat, until bLH/FSH was 1.0; thereafter, it started to decrease by 17% for every 0.1-unit bLH/FSH increase. Considering the decline in LBR/ET, it is recommended that PCOS women with bLH/FSH > 1.0 carefully consider fresh-embryo transfer during their first IVF/ICSI.
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Singh N, Mishra N, Dogra Y. Do basal Luteinizing Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone/Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Ratio Have Significance in Prognosticating the Outcome of In vitro Fertilization Cycles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 14:21-27. [PMID: 34083988 PMCID: PMC8057154 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_96_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Tonic hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) appears to impact both fertility and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Aim: Whether high basal day 2/3 serum LH levels and day 2/3 LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio affect in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle outcomes in PCOS patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists. Settings and Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Assisted Reproductive Technique Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at a tertiary care institute, on PCOS patients undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using GnRH antagonist protocol with human chorionic gonadotropin trigger between January 2014 to December 2019. Methods and Material: Data related to patient's age, body mass index, day 2/3 serum FSH, serum LH, day 2/3 LH/FSH ratio, and infertility treatment-related variables were collected from the patient record files. IVF cycle characteristics, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos transferred were also recorded. The clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was calculated. Statistical Analysis: Statistical software SPSS IBM version 24.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation , and range values were calculated. To compare the difference between the groups, the paired t-test was applied for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: High basal day 2/3 LH level and day 2/3 LH/FSH ratio have no statistically significant effect on embryos formed, embryo transferred, and clinical pregnancy rate. However, fertilization rates were significantly less in these groups. Conclusion: The elevated basal day 2/3 LH and LH/FSH ratio do not impair the outcome of GnRH antagonist protocol treated IVF/ICSI cycles in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ART Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogita Dogra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ART Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Yang H, Lee YH, Lee SR, Kaya P, Hong EJ, Lee HW. Traditional Medicine (Mahuang-Tang) Improves Ovarian Dysfunction and the Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes in Letrozole-Induced PCOS Rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112300. [PMID: 31606536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mahuang-Tang (MHT) has traditionally been used in Asia to treat a variety of diseases, such as fever without sweating, joint pain, lower back pain, asthma, and gynecological conditions. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a kind of gynecological disease that causes amenorrhea, infertility, and menopausal and urogenital disorders that could benefit from MHT treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we examined the effects of MHT on ovarian hormones and steroidogenic enzymes in female PCOS rats. METHODS AND RESULTS The PCOS rat model was induced by Letrozole, and an in vivo evaluation of whether the dietary consumption of MHT improved the PCOS-like symptoms was conducted. The luteinizing hormone (LH) level and luteinizing hormone/follicular-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio increased in PCOS rats but decreased following MHT treatment. In the PCOS rats, the reduced estrogen level was restored to that of normal controls with MHT treatment in serum. The transcription level(s) of gonadotropin receptors (Fshr and Lhr), steroid receptors (Pgr, and Esr1) and steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp19a1, Hsd3b1, Hsd17a1, and Cyp11a1) changed under the PCOS condition, and were regulated by MHT treatment in the ovaries of PCOS rats. The reproductive tissues of Letrozole-induced PCOS rats were restored into estrogenic condition from androgen environments. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MHT ameliorates the symptoms of PCOS by improving the dysregulation of ovarian steroids and steroidogenic enzymes in PCOS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Sang R Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Pelin Kaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea.
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Julania S, Walls ML, Hart R. The Place of In Vitro Maturation in PCO/PCOS. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:5750298. [PMID: 30154841 PMCID: PMC6091445 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5750298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro maturation (IVM) of human oocytes is an emerging treatment option for women with polycystic ovary/polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO/PCOS) in addition to the standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. There has been significant improvements in pregnancy rates with IVM over the last two decades. This article reviews the place of IVM for women with PCO/PCOS, placing an emphasis on the predictors of successful pregnancy, optimization of culture media, IVM protocols, pregnancy rates, and neonatal outcomes following IVM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Julania
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Walls
- Fertility North, Suite 213, Specialist Medical Centre, Joondalup Health Campus, Shenton Avenue, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Bethesda Hospital, 25 Queenslea Drive, Claremont, Perth, WA 6010, Australia
| | - Roger Hart
- Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Bethesda Hospital, 25 Queenslea Drive, Claremont, Perth, WA 6010, Australia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
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