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Arboh F, Dai B, Quansah PE, Addai-Dansoh S, Atingabilli S, Owusu EA, Larnyo E, Sackey BB. Rethinking frontline health workers' safety performance in times of pandemic: the role of spiritual leadership. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:506-517. [PMID: 38384140 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2322324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of spiritual leadership style on frontline health workers' safety performance through the mediating role of safety climate. Also, leader-member exchange (LMX) was examined as a moderator of the safety climate and safety performance relationship. Survey data from 582 frontline health workers in Ghana's Greater Accra and Ashanti regions were analyzed using AMOS version 23. Findings showed that spiritual leadership dimensions significantly influenced health workers' safety performance. Altruistic love and vision also significantly influenced safety climate. However, hope did not influenced safety climate. Moreover, safety climate had an impact onsafety performance dimensions. Furthermore, safety climate mediated the relationship between altruistic love, vision, and safety performance. However, safety climate did not mediate the relationship between hope and safety performance. Lastly, LMX moderated the positive effect of safety climate on safety compliance but not on safety participation. This study offers valuable insights for improving frontline health workers' safety performance during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Arboh
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, People's Republic of China
| | - Baozhen Dai
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Ebenezer Larnyo
- Center for Black Studies Research, University of California, USA
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2
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Chin TL, Chee TL. Healthcare workers' safety compliance behavior in times of COVID-19: The interaction model. Work 2024; 78:949-960. [PMID: 38143417 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strengthening safety compliance behaviour can reduce the organizations' unexpected financial losses and prevent employees from continuous COVID-19. It drives this study to create a research framework involved by organizational, individual and social factors to predict employees' safety compliance behaviour. OBJECTIVE This study examines how risk perceptions of COVID-19, employee well-being, workplace health and safety training, safety motivation and safety related stigma impact safety compliance behavior in times COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was disseminated to healthcare workers. In all, 344 acceptable questionnaires were derived for further analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that the risk perception of COVID-19 and employee well-being has no significant relationship with safety compliance behavior. Similarly, safety related stigma also has no moderating effect on safety motivation and safety compliance behavior. However, workplace health and safety training and safety motivation have significant relationships with safety compliance behavior. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the literature by illuminating on the importance of organizational, individual, social factors and how they can interact with safety compliance behaviour. Additionally, knowing the unique function of safety related stigma in building safety compliance behaviour may help guide future efforts and training initiatives to enhance workplace safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tay Lee Chin
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Woods EH, Zhang Y, Roemer EC, Kent KB, Davis MF, Goetzel RZ. Addressing Psychosocial, Organizational, and Environmental Stressors Emerging From the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Effect on Essential Workers' Mental Health and Well-being: A Literature Review. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:419-427. [PMID: 36701793 PMCID: PMC10171099 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify stressors faced by essential workers amid the coronavirus disease pandemic and effective interventions mitigating these stressors. METHODS We reviewed literature on psychosocial, organizational, and environmental stressors faced by essential workers during the pandemic, the consequences of those stressors, and interventions to improve worker health and well-being. FINDINGS Stressors included elevated risk of coronavirus disease 2019 exposure, fear of spreading the virus, lack of social and organizational supports, and financial insecurity. Negative outcomes included burnout, depression, and high turnover. Promising interventions included robust safety protocols, increased wages, childcare benefits, enhanced access to mental health services, and frequent leadership communications. CONCLUSION Stress has taken a heavy toll on essential workers' physical and emotional health, productivity, and job satisfaction. To effectively protect Total Worker Health, employers should adopt evidence-based interventions promoting psychosocial, organizational, and environmental health and safety.
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Aben B, Kok RN, de Wind A. Return-to-work rates and predictors of absence duration after COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:182-192. [PMID: 36587298 PMCID: PMC10621901 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate employee return-to-work (RTW) rates and examine predictors of absence duration after COVID-19. RTW rates were referenced against RTW rates after absence due to flu-like symptoms and assessed over the course of the pandemic. METHODS Routinely collected data from a nationally operating Dutch occupational health service was used. The data were retrieved from employees who reported sick due to COVID-19 (N=30 396) or flu-like symptoms (N=15 862). Data consisted of responses to a triage survey combined with longitudinal register-based information on sickness absence. RTW rates after COVID-19 were evaluated through Kaplan-Meier estimates and compared to RTW rates for flu-like symptoms, and between three periods with different dominant virus variants. Predictors for absence duration were examined through Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS RTW after COVID-19 was found to be notably later than after flu-like symptoms (median RTW=10 versus 6 days, respectively). On average, 5.5% of employees who contracted COVID-19 were absent for over 12 weeks. Time-to-RTW shortened as different virus variants became dominant over time. The main predictors contributing to later RTW were older age, female sex, belonging to a risk group, and the symptoms shortness of breath and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Estimates of the RTW rate after COVID-19 and identification of predictors may aid healthcare professionals in gaining insight into variations in the disease course and rehabilitation process. The present findings can help employers and policy-makers grasp the impact of COVID-19 on the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Aben
- HumanTotalCare B.V., Department of Research and Development, Zwarte Woud 10, 3524 SJ Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Demerouti E. Effective employee strategies for remote working: An online self-training intervention. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Diefenbach S. Social norms in digital spaces: Conflict reports and implications for technology design in the teleworking context. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITSWISSENSCHAFT 2023; 77:56-77. [PMID: 36471875 PMCID: PMC9713167 DOI: 10.1007/s41449-022-00332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
With the increase of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic, employees' interactions with colleagues have shifted almost exclusively to digital channels. Hence, it is critical to understand the underpinnings of successful collaboration and individual wellbeing in digital working structures. Combining qualitative experience reports and quantitative surveys from 145 teleworkers, this study sheds light on teleworking from a psychological perspective, taking social norms as a conceptual frame. The qualitative reports revealed five types of typical conflicts related to communication in the telework context, including both (1) technical problems (e.g., a bad connection) and psychological aspects such as (2) uncertainty or a lack of social feedback, (3) norm violations, (4) a lack of rules or meta-communication about appropriate behavior, and (5) digital communication barriers. Respondents' quantitative ratings of qualities of telework versus working on-site revealed benefits of telework regarding task fulfillment and efficiency, but lower levels of motivation, conflict management, leadership, team spirit, inspiration and creativity. Participants qualitative reports on perceived challenges in remote work conditions included feelings of loneliness and increased demands related to self-management, creating boundaries between private and working life, motivation and self-regulation. This paper connects these findings with theoretical concepts from psychology and human-computer interaction and discusses implications for leadership and technology design. Practical Relevance: This article discusses practical implications for leadership and technology design, e.g., interventions against conflicts in the context of digital work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Diefenbach
- Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802 München, Germany
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7
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Hryniewicz A, Wilczyńska D, Krokosz D, Hryniewicz K, Lipowski M. Well-Being of High-Level Managers during the Pandemic: The Role of Fear of Negative Appearance, Anxiety, and Eating Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:637. [PMID: 36612958 PMCID: PMC9819066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented changes in the contemporary world, significantly affecting the work of companies, especially management staff. This study investigated whether fear about one's health (caused by the pandemic, disordered eating attitudes, or concerns about one's body image) has a negative relationship with the well-being of managers. (2) Methods: N = 354 managers (222 women, 126 men, and 6 people with no gender identity) participated in the study. The following psychometric instruments were used: the psychological well-being scale, the coronavirus anxiety scale, the fear of negative appearance evaluation scale, and the eating attitude test-26. Results: the fear of negative appearance influenced the well-being of the studied managers. However, this relation was mediated by dieting as well as bulimia and food preoccupation. (4) Conclusions: the well-being level depended on the managers' positive body images, but only when mediated by healthy dieting and eating attitudes. While the well-being level of managers was high, it is worth further exploring how they can flourish and develop in life and work, which can also transfer to the quality of life of their co-workers and companies. However, the subject of the well-being of managers warrants more research; for example, by considering different moderators, such as job experience, gender, and age. Moreover, experimental studies examining the effectiveness of different interventions for the physical and mental health of managers could be worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hryniewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Wilczyńska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Daniel Krokosz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Konrad Hryniewicz
- Department of Marketing and Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Management and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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8
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Zhang Y, Woods EH, Roemer EC, Kent KB, Goetzel RZ. Addressing Workplace Stressors Emerging from the Pandemic. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1215-1223. [PMID: 36003011 PMCID: PMC9412133 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221112488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Enid Chung Roemer
- Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen B. Kent
- Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ron Z. Goetzel
- Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Henke RM. Knowing Well, Being Well: well-being born of understanding: Supporting Workforce Mental Health During the Pandemic. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1213-1244. [PMID: 36003017 PMCID: PMC9523433 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Waites W, Pearson CAB, Gaskell KM, House T, Pellis L, Johnson M, Gould V, Hunt A, Stone NRH, Kasstan B, Chantler T, Lal S, Roberts CH, Goldblatt D, Marks M, Eggo RM. Transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a strictly-Orthodox Jewish community in the UK. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8550. [PMID: 35595824 PMCID: PMC9121858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some social settings such as households and workplaces, have been identified as high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Identifying and quantifying the importance of these settings is critical for designing interventions. A tightly-knit religious community in the UK experienced a very large COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, reaching 64.3% seroprevalence within 10 months, and we surveyed this community both for serological status and individual-level attendance at particular settings. Using these data, and a network model of people and places represented as a stochastic graph rewriting system, we estimated the relative contribution of transmission in households, schools and religious institutions to the epidemic, and the relative risk of infection in each of these settings. All congregate settings were important for transmission, with some such as primary schools and places of worship having a higher share of transmission than others. We found that the model needed a higher general-community transmission rate for women (3.3-fold), and lower susceptibility to infection in children to recreate the observed serological data. The precise share of transmission in each place was related to assumptions about the internal structure of those places. Identification of key settings of transmission can allow public health interventions to be targeted at these locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Waites
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Carl A B Pearson
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Katherine M Gaskell
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Thomas House
- School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pellis
- School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marina Johnson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Gould
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Adam Hunt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil R H Stone
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ben Kasstan
- Centre for Health, Law and Society, University of Bristol Law School, Bristol, UK
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tracey Chantler
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Sham Lal
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Chrissy H Roberts
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Marks
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rosalind M Eggo
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
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Wauters M, Zamboni Berra T, de Almeida Crispim J, Arcêncio RA, Cartagena-Ramos D. Calidad de vida del personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19: revisión exploratoria. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e30. [PMID: 35509639 PMCID: PMC9060205 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Describir la calidad de vida del personal de salud, el ambiente laboral y la interacción entre el empleado y ambiente laboral durante la pandemia. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria. Se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Literature Complete, Google Scholar y los repositorios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades. Se incluyeron estudios primarios, secundarios y literatura gris publicados entre diciembre de 2019 y marzo de 2021 en idioma español, inglés y portugués. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada por la lista de verificación de Autoridad, exactitud, cobertura, objetividad, fecha e importancia (AACODS, por su sigla en inglés) A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) y Critical Appraisal Checklist for Text and Opinion Papers. Se efectuó un análisis temático basado en el modelo de calidad de vida y bienestar. Resultados. De un total de 208 artículos, se incluyeron 11. La calidad de vida del personal de salud durante pandemia por COVID-19 estuvo influenciada por las características del personal de salud, el ambiente laboral y la interacción entre el empleado y el ambiente laboral; se observaron falencias relacionadas con factores psicosociales y ocupacionales. Discusión. La calidad de vida del personal de salud estuvo caracterizada por estigmatización, estrés, ansiedad y fatiga. La gestión organizacional y la aplicación de intervenciones psicológicas evidencian un efecto en la interacción entre el empleado y el ambiente laboral, e influyen en su calidad de vida.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaís Zamboni Berra
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Juliane de Almeida Crispim
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
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12
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Dugani SB, Fischer KM, Schroeder DR, Geyer HL, Maniaci MJ, Croghan IT, Kashani D, Burton MC. Wellness of hospitalists and hospital medicine advanced practice providers during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2021. J Hosp Med 2022; 17:259-267. [PMID: 35535916 PMCID: PMC9088352 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a negative impact on the wellness of hospitalists and hospital medicine advanced practice providers (APPs). However, the burden of the pandemic has evolved and the change in hospitalist and hospital medicine APP wellness is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the longitudinal trend in wellness of hospitalists and hospital medicine APPs during the COVID-19 pandemic and guide wellness interventions. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Between May 4, 2020, and June 6, 2021, we administered three surveys to Internal Medicine hospitalists (physicians) and hospital medicine APPs (nurse practitioners and physician assistants) at 16 Mayo Clinic hospitals in four U.S. states. MEASUREMENTS We evaluated the association of hospitalist and hospital medicine APP characteristics with PROMIS® measures of global wellbeing-mental health, global wellbeing-social activities and relationships, anxiety, social isolation, and emotional support, using logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS The response rates were 52.2% (n=154/295; May 2020), 37.1% (n=111/299; October 2020) and 35.5% (n=114/321; May 2021). In mixed models that included hospitalist and hospital medicine APP characteristics and survey period, APPs, compared with physicians, had lower odds of top global wellbeing-social activities and relationships (adjusted odds ratio 0.42 [0.22-0.82]; p = .01), whereas survey period showed no association. The survey period showed an independent association with higher anxiety (May 2020 vs. others) and higher social isolation (October 2020 vs. others), whereas profession showed no association. Concern about contracting COVID-19 at work was significantly associated with lower odds of top global wellbeing-mental health and global wellbeing-social activities and relationships, and with higher anxiety and social isolation. Hospitalist and hospital medicine APP characteristics showed no association with levels of emotional support. CONCLUSIONS In this longitudinal assessment of hospitalists and hospital medicine APPs, concern about contracting COVID-19 at work remained a determinant of wellness. The trend for global wellbeing, anxiety, and social isolation may guide wellness interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B. Dugani
- Division of Hospital Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care DeliveryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research UnitMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Karen M. Fischer
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Holly L. Geyer
- Division of Hospital Internal MedicineMayo ClinicScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | | | - Ivana T. Croghan
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care DeliveryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research UnitMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Research HubMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel Kashani
- Division of Hospital Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Brown CE, Dexter L, Schwatka NV, Dally M, Tenney L, Shore E, Newman LS. Total Worker Health ® and Small Business Employee Perceptions of Health Climate, Safety Climate, and Well-Being during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9702. [PMID: 34574628 PMCID: PMC8469982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created workplace challenges for employee safety and health, especially in small enterprises. We used linear mixed-effects regression to examine changes in health climate, safety climate, and worker well-being, prior to the pandemic and at two timepoints during it. We also examined whether employees at organizations that had received a TWH leadership development intervention prior to COVID-19 would better maintain pre-pandemic perceptions of climates and well-being. The final study cohort consisted of 261 employees from 31 organizations. No differences were observed in mean outcome scores between the leadership intervention groups at any of the survey timepoints. We combined intervention groups to examine the difference across timepoints. Perceptions of health and safety climates remained stable across all timepoints. However, employee well-being scores declined between the pre-pandemic period and subsequent COVID-19 timepoints. These findings suggest that while small organizations continued to be viewed as supporting employees' health and safety over the course of the pandemic, well-being scores declined, indicating that other factors contributed to decreased well-being. The findings from this study have implications for small business leaders as they navigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health, safety, and well-being on their organizations and employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E. Brown
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.D.); (N.V.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.); (L.S.N.)
| | - Lynn Dexter
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.D.); (N.V.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.); (L.S.N.)
| | - Natalie V. Schwatka
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.D.); (N.V.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.); (L.S.N.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Miranda Dally
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.D.); (N.V.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.); (L.S.N.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Liliana Tenney
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.D.); (N.V.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.); (L.S.N.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erin Shore
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA;
| | - Lee S. Newman
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.D.); (N.V.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.); (L.S.N.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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