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Asaoka D, Toda K, Yoshimoto S, Katsumata N, Odamaki T, Iwabuchi N, Tanaka M, Xiao JZ, Nishikawa Y, Nomura O, Takeda T, Nagahara A, Koido S, Ohkusa T, Sato N. Sex-Specific Associations of Gut Microbiota Composition with Sarcopenia Defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 Consensus in Older Outpatients: Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in Japan. Nutrients 2025; 17:1746. [PMID: 40431485 PMCID: PMC12114429 DOI: 10.3390/nu17101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2025] [Revised: 05/17/2025] [Accepted: 05/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia (SA), an age-related impairment in skeletal muscle mass and function, is related to gut microbiota (GM) through inflammation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) generation. However, data on this relationship in older Japanese adults remain limited. We investigated the relationship of GM composition with SA, based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria, among elderly Japanese outpatients. Methods: Between June 2022 and January 2023, this prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 356 community-dwelling outpatients aged ≥ 65 years at the Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center. SA was determined based on the AWGS 2019 consensus criteria. GM was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and alpha/beta diversity, taxonomic composition, detection rates, and correlations with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength, and gait speed were investigated. Results: Among 356 (144 males, 212 females) participants, 50 (35 males, 15 females) had SA. Differences in GM diversity and composition were primarily noted among male participants. Men with SA had lower alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity profiles. Six bacterial genera-Eubacterium I, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Unclassified Lachnospira, Enterococcus H, and Bariatricus-had lower abundances in the SA group. Several of these genera showed positive correlations with SMI, grip strength, and gait speed. Conversely, no differences in GM characteristics were seen among females. Conclusions: GM composition was associated with SA among older Japanese men. These sex-specific differences emerged consistently, highlighting the potential of microbiota-based strategies for SA prevention in older males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan;
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Kazuya Toda
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Shin Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Noriko Katsumata
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Yuriko Nishikawa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Osamu Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan;
| | - Tsutomu Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa 277-0004, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Ohkusa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa 277-0004, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (S.Y.); (N.K.); (T.O.); (N.I.); (J.-Z.X.); (Y.N.); (T.O.); (N.S.)
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