Postinfluenza Cardiac Tamponade: A Review of Published Case Reports

Diabetes mortality burden attributable to influenza in China: A population-based time-series analysis

Background

Previous studies have found an association between influenza, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality. And the vaccination of elderly diabetes is often recommended to reduce the risk of hospitalization and death. Nevertheless, no previous work has investigated the short-term impact of influenza on diabetes mortality in China. In this study, data from the national surveillance system was used to quantify the impact of influenza on diabetes-related mortality and provide guidance for the care of diabetes patients.

Methods

Data from the National Influenza Surveillance Center was collected for the period between 2015 and 2019 and weekly diabetes-related deaths were calculated from China's Disease Surveillance Points System (CDSP). A distributed non-linear lag model (DLNM) was used to 1] analyze the delayed impact of high influenza virus-positive rates on diabetes-related mortality, 2] calculate the relative risk of diabetes deaths caused by high influenza virus-positive rate, and 3] estimate the attributable risk of diabetes deaths caused by influenza in China.

Results

A total of 260 weeks of influenza weekly data from southern and northern China were included in this study. This resulted in 256,845 diabetes-related deaths with an average age of 73.36 years. During this period, the mean influenza virus-positive rate was 12.79 %. The relative risk of death from diabetes at high influenza positive rate was 1.33 (95 % CI [1.25, 1.40]) in southern China and 1.14 (95 % CI [1.08, 1.20]) in northern China for a 3-week lag. The estimated population attributable fraction (PAF) was 9.64 % (95 % CI [6.6 %, 12.55 %]) in southern China and 1.69 % (95 % CI [-0.04 %, 3.35 %]) in northern China. The present study suggest that reducing the influenza virus-positive rate to optimal levels could potentially prevent approximately 10,871 diabetes-related deaths annually.

Conclusion

A high influenza virus-positive rate is associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related mortality. Moreover, this effect is consistent across geographical areas and gender groups. Overall, the present study suggests that the risk of diabetes-related mortality attributable to influenza is high in China.

Unveiling the Shadows: A Rare Encounter With Cardiac Tamponade Following Influenza B in a Young Female

Influenza B infection, although primarily recognized for respiratory symptoms, can lead to rare but severe cardiac complications such as pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. We present a case of a 33-year-old female with morbid obesity who initially exhibited flu-like symptoms, was subsequently diagnosed with influenza B infection, and was discharged with symptomatic treatment. Despite initial discharge, she returned with worsening weakness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and shortness of breath. Imaging studies confirmed pericardial effusion with early signs of tamponade, necessitating an emergent intervention. The patient underwent subxiphoid pericardial window and fluid removal, followed by colchicine treatment to prevent recurrence. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing and promptly managing rare influenza-related complications, particularly in patients without significant comorbidities. It underscores the value of a proactive approach, utilizing point-of-care ultrasound and echocardiography for early diagnosis and intervention to mitigate mortality and morbidity risks associated with pericarditis and cardiac tamponade secondary to influenza B.

Comorbidity of Mitral Valve Stenosis with Influenza in Pregnancy, A Case Report

In this case, a 44-year-old pregnant woman at a gestational age of 28 weeks and 6 days with symptoms of cold, shortness of breath, and cough since a week ago. She had received remdesivir ampoule, Tamiflu tablet, meropenem and linezolid, and dexamethasone. She received oxygen through a 14-liter reservoir bag mask and hydrocortisone, heparin, and ceftriaxone. Nine hours after hospitalization, the patient suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest, resuscitation was performed, and the patient was intubated. Emergency cesarean section was done in the intensive care unit. Finally, the patient suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest, prop was placed for the patient, and evidence of severe Mitral stenosis and right ventricle dilation were observed. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation operation continued for an hour, but unfortunately the patient died. So, it is important to be careful about influenza during pregnancy and in the case of heart failure symptoms, it is necessary to consider the presence of underlying mitral stenosis.