1
|
Zhang H, Yi X, Chen M, Shi H, Tan L, Lu H, Sun Y, Yang F. Synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and azoles on candida biofilm on titanium surface. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101417. [PMID: 37619456 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida infections of orthopedic implants are one of the most detrimental orthopedic implant-related complications with unsuccessful treatment and a poor prognosis. Most orthopedic Candida infections form biofilms and have resistance to the commonly used antifungal agents. This study aimed to develop a novel combination of normally prescribed drugs against Candida biofilm on orthopedic implants. METHODS We cultured 26 clinical isolates of Candida strains to form biofilm without titanium sheets or on titanium sheets, which are the most commonly used materials for permanent or orthopedic implants. The checkerboard method was used to evaluate the synergistic effects of chlorhexidine (CHL) and azoles on these Candida biofilms. For the evaluation of synergistic effects, we constructed the cell viability assay by fluorescence staining and CFU reduction hot map of Candida. RESULTS Twenty-six clinical isolates of Candida strains formed biofilm in 96-well plates without titanium sheets, and we selected 9 of them to form biofilm on titanium sheets in 24-well plates. In Candida biofilm formed in 96-wells, the synergistic rates of CHL with fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were 61% (16/26), 65% (17/26), and 23% (6/26), respectively. When compared to the blank control group, CHL monotherapy significantly inhibited biofilm formation on titanium sheets (P < 0.05). We demonstrated 100% synergistic rates of the CHL and fluconazole combination against Candida biofilm formation on titanium sheets, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of CHL and FLU decreased four- to eight-fold. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that CHL combined with azoles inhibited the Candida biofilm formation 96-wells or on titanium sheets and has the potential to control the infections of orthopedic implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuesong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lihua Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Hougen Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ayed A, Essid R, Mankai H, Echmar A, Fares N, Hammami M, Sewald N, Limam F, Tabbene O. Synergistic antifungal activity and potential mechanism of action of a glycolipid-like compound produced by Streptomyces blastmyceticus S108 against Candida clinical isolates. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad246. [PMID: 37884451 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate a novel antifungal compound produced by Streptomyces blastmyceticus S108 strain. Its effectiveness against clinical isolates of Candida species and its synergistic effect with conventional antifungal drugs were assessed, and its molecular mechanism of action was further studied against Candida albicans. METHODS AND RESULTS A newly isolated strain from Tunisian soil, S. blastmyceticus S108, showed significant antifungal activity against Candida species by well diffusion method. The butanolic extract of S108 strain supernatant exhibited the best anti-Candida activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 250 μg ml-1, determined by the microdilution method. The bio-guided purification steps of the butanolic extract were performed by chromatographic techniques. Among the fractions obtained, F13 demonstrated the highest level of activity, displaying a MIC of 31.25 μg ml-1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses of this fraction (F13) revealed the glycolipidic nature of the active molecule with a molecular weight of 685.6 m/z. This antifungal metabolite remained stable to physicochemical changes and did not show hemolytic activity even at 4MIC corresponding to 125 µg ml-1 toward human erythrocytes. Besides, the glycolipid compound was combined with 5-flucytosine and showed a high synergistic effect with a fractional inhibitory concentration index value 0.14 against C. albicans ATCC 10231. This combination resulted in a decrease of MIC values of 5-flucytosine and the glycolipid-like compound by 8- and 64-fold, respectively. The examination of gene expression in treated C. albicans cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed that the active compound tested alone or in combination with 5-flucytosine blocks the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway by downregulating the expression of ERG1, ERG3, ERG5, ERG11, and ERG25 genes. CONCLUSION AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The new glycolipid-like compound, produced by Streptomyces S108 isolate, could be a promising drug for medical use against pathogenic Candida isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ayed
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - R Essid
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - H Mankai
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - A Echmar
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - N Fares
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - M Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - N Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - F Limam
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - O Tabbene
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vahedi-Shahandashti R, Stubenböck MM, Lass-Flörl C. The Influence of Medium Composition on EUCAST and Etest Antifungal Susceptibility Testing. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:973. [PMID: 37888229 PMCID: PMC10608067 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing effort to optimize and revise antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) methods due to the rising number of fungal infections and drug-resistant fungi. The rising antifungal resistance within Candida and Aspergillus species, which are common contributors to invasive fungal infections (IFIs), is a cause for concern, prompting an expanding integration of in vitro AFST to guide clinical decisions. To improve the relevance of in vitro AFST results to therapy outcomes, influential factors should be taken into account. The tested medium is one of several factors that could affect the results of AFST. The present study evaluated the effect of two complex media (Sabouraud dextrose and Columbia) versus the standard defined medium (RPMI 1640) on the AFST results of amphotericin B, posaconazole, and voriconazole against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. representatives, utilizing the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and the Etest methods. Overall, Candida species exhibited higher variability in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) across different media (more than three log2 dilutions) comparing to Aspergillus spp., while quality control isolates showed consistency regardless of tested media, antifungals, and methods. When comparing tested methods, MIC variation was mostly detected using EUCAST than it was using Etest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.V.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sousa NSOD, Almeida JDRD, Frickmann H, Lacerda MVG, Souza JVBD. Searching for new antifungals for the treatment of cryptococcosis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e01212023. [PMID: 37493736 PMCID: PMC10367226 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0121-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a consensus that the antifungal repertoire for the treatment of cryptococcal infections is limited. Standard treatment involves the administration of an antifungal drug derived from natural sources (i.e., amphotericin B) and two other drugs developed synthetically (i.e., flucytosine and fluconazole). Despite treatment, the mortality rates associated with fungal cryptococcosis are high. Amphotericin B and flucytosine are toxic, require intravenous administration, and are usually unavailable in low-income countries because of their high cost. However, fluconazole is cost-effective, widely available, and harmless with regard to its side effects. However, fluconazole is a fungistatic agent that has contributed considerably to the increase in fungal resistance and frequent relapses in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Therefore, there is an unquestionable need to identify new alternatives or adjuvants to conventional drugs for the treatment of cryptococcosis. A potential antifungal agent should be able to kill cryptococci and "bypass" the virulence mechanism of the yeast. Furthermore, it should have fungicidal action, low toxicity, high selectivity, easily penetrate the central nervous system, and widely available. In this review, we describe cryptococcosis, its conventional therapy, and failures arising from the use of drugs traditionally considered to be the reference standard. Additionally, we present the approaches used for the discovery of new drugs to counteract cryptococcosis, ranging from the conventional screening of natural products to the inclusion of structural modifications to optimize anticryptococcal activity, as well as drug repositioning and combined therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Jiang L, Luo S, Hu D, Zhao X, Zhao G, Tang W, Guo Y. Analysis of Characteristics, Pathogens and Drug Resistance of Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Long-Term Indwelling Double-J Stent. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2089-2096. [PMID: 37063938 PMCID: PMC10094401 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s392857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the characteristics, pathogens and drug resistance of urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with long-term indwelling double-J stent. Methods The clinical data of 102 patients with urinary tract infection associated with long-term indwelling double-J stent in University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from September 2010 to July 2022 were collected retrospectively, and the difference between etiological characteristics were analyzed. Urine and double-J stent samples of patients were collected for pathogen identification and drug sensitivity test. Results A total of 102 patients, 39 (38.23%) males and 63 (61.77%) females, aged 24-72 years, with a median age of 48 years, were included in this study. Urinary calculi (40.20%) and ureteral stricture (24.50%) were the main causes of urinary tract infection associated with long-term indwelling double-J stent. Among the patients with urinary tract infection caused by double-J stent, female patients were higher than male patients (61.77% vs 38.23%). In terms of positive rate of pathogenic bacteria culture, the rate of double-J stent was higher than that of urine (67.65% vs 35.29%). The main pathogenic bacteria in urine were Escherichia coli (30.55%) of Gram negative bacteria, while the main pathogenic bacteria in double-J stent were enterococcus faecalis (27.53%) of Gram positive bacteria. The resistance rate of Gram positive bacteria in double-J stent to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam was significantly higher than that in urine (P<0.05). The resistance rate of Gram negative bacteria in double-J stent to imipenem, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam was significantly higher than that in urine (P<0.05). Conclusion Double-J stent associated urinary tract infection is more common in women than in men. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis are the main pathogens, and the pathogens show strong drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Li
- Department of Urology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daixing Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu Guo, Department of Urology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400000, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +8623 67665886, Email
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wiederhold NP. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing: A Primer for Clinicians. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab444. [PMID: 34778489 PMCID: PMC8579947 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians treating patients with fungal infections may turn to susceptibility testing to obtain information regarding the activity of different antifungals against a specific fungus that has been cultured. These results may then be used to make decisions regarding a patient's therapy. However, for many fungal species that are capable of causing invasive infections, clinical breakpoints have not been established. Thus, interpretations of susceptible or resistant cannot be provided by clinical laboratories, and this is especially true for many molds capable of causing severe mycoses. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of susceptibility testing for clinicians, including the methods used to perform these assays, their limitations, how clinical breakpoints are established, and how the results may be put into context in the absence of interpretive criteria. Examples of when susceptibility testing is not warranted are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Álvarez-Pérez S, Anega B, Díaz-de-Tuesta JA, González-Martín JV, Riesgo-Martínez M, García ME, Blanco JL. Susceptibility testing of Prototheca bovis isolates from cases of bovine mastitis using the CLSI reference broth microdilution method and the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric panel. Med Mycol 2021; 59:1257-1261. [PMID: 34643716 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 62 Prototheca bovis isolates from cases of bovine mastitis were tested for susceptibility to different antifungal compounds by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference microdilution method and a commercial colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre YeastOne). All isolates displayed low susceptibility to echinocandins (MICs > 8 μg/ml for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin), flucytosine (MIC > 64 μg/ml), and the azoles enilconazole and fluconazole (MICs > 4 and > 64 μg/ml, respectively). Moreover, 45.2%, 32.3%, and 1.6% of isolates had MICs > 4 μg/ml for ketoconazole, terbinafine, and voriconazole, respectively, when tested by the CLSI method. In contrast, all isolates were more susceptible to the polyene compounds amphotericin B and nystatin, and itraconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole (MICs ≤ 2 μg/ml, in all cases). Comparison of the results obtained in the CLSI and Sensititre methods showed excellent essential agreement (EA) for azoles (98.4% for itraconazole and posaconazole, and 100% for voriconazole) and moderate EA for amphotericin B (72.6%), when MICs were read after 24 h and 48 h of incubation, respectively. In contrast, much lower EA values were obtained in some cases when the MICs for both techniques were determined after 48 h of incubation (e.g., 9.7% for amphotericin B and 69.4% for posaconazole). Therefore, the CLSI broth microdilution method and the Sensititre YeastOne panel can be used indistinctly for susceptibility testing of P. bovis isolates against azoles but not against amphotericin B until further optimization of the test conditions. LAY SUMMARY The antifungal susceptibility of Prototheca bovis isolates was analyzed. All tested isolates displayed low susceptibility to echinocandins, flucytosine, and some azoles. Excellent agreement of the results of two different test methods was obtained for azoles, but not for the polyene amphotericin B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Anega
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Díaz-de-Tuesta
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Health, Community of Madrid, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan V González-Martín
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta E García
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Sousa ESO, Pinheiro SB, Cortez ACA, Cruz KS, de Souza ÉS, Melhem MDSC, Frickmann H, de Souza JVB. Modifications of antifungal sensibility testing as suggested by CLSI document M27-A4: proposal for using different culture medium and buffer. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115488. [PMID: 34461499 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A common strategy in antifungal susceptibility testing is the utilization of the standardized protocol based on the microbroth dilution assay approach as described by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (M27-A4). One major problem for laboratories in resource-limited countries with this protocol arises from the use of expensive culture media like RPMI-1640 and 3-N-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer. One approach of circumventing this problem in cases of economic need is the evaluation of alternative culture media and buffers. The overall goal of this work was to investigate the influence of modifications in the protocol M27-A4 on diagnostic reliability. We performed univariate analyses evaluating (1) 2 different culture media (YNB and modified SAB); (2) three different buffers (sodium bicarbonate, Tris-HCL, and phosphate), as well as the influence of inoculum concentration (102, 103, 104, 105 cells/mL), the influence of incubation time, and the influence of the assessment mode (visual, biological dye, and spectrophotometer). Our results suggested that (1) RPMI-1640 may be substituted by modified SAB and (2) MOPS buffer may be substituted by Tris-HCl buffer for defined analyses. By comparing the CLSI protocol and the alternative protocol proposed in the present study (modified SAB and Tris-HCl buffer) for the assessment of fluconazole susceptibility of eighteen yeasts (clinical isolates), similar results with both methodologies were recorded. We feel that this study should stimulate a discussion on the feasibility and evolution of the M27-A4 protocol in order to include pragmatic alternatives for resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia Alves Cortez
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia - INPA. Av. André Araújo, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Kátia Santana Cruz
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado - AM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | | | - Marcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem
- The School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil; Departamento de Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Av. Dr Arnaldo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia - INPA. Av. André Araújo, Amazonas, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Badawy AA, Alotaibi MO, Abdelaziz AM, Osman MS, Khalil AMA, Saleh AM, Mohammed AE, Hashem AH. Enhancement of Seawater Stress Tolerance in Barley by the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus ochraceus. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070428. [PMID: 34209783 PMCID: PMC8307109 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic plant-fungi interaction is a promising approach to alleviate salt stress in plants. Moreover, endophytic fungi are well known to promote the growth of various crop plants. Herein, seven fungal endophytes were screened for salt tolerance; the results revealed that Aspergillus ochraceus showed a great potentiality in terms of salt tolerance, up to 200 g L−1. The indole acetic acid (IAA) production antioxidant capacity and antifungal activity of A. ochraceus were evaluated, in vitro, under two levels of seawater stress, 15 and 30% (v/v; seawater/distilled water). The results illustrated that A. ochraceus could produce about 146 and 176 µg mL−1 IAA in 15 and 30% seawater, respectively. The yield of IAA by A. ochraceus at 30% seawater was significantly higher at all tryptophan concentrations, as compared with that at 15% seawater. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of A. ochraceus (1000 µg mL−1) at 15 and 30% seawater was 95.83 ± 1.25 and 98.33 ± 0.57%, respectively. Crude extracts of A. ochraceus obtained at 15 and 30% seawater exhibited significant antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, compared to distilled water. The irrigation of barley plants with seawater (15 and 30%) caused notable declines in most morphological indices, pigments, sugars, proteins, and yield characteristics, while increasing the contents of proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, the application of A. ochraceus mitigated the harmful effects of seawater on the growth and physiology of barley plants. Therefore, this study suggests that the endophytic fungus A. ochraceus MT089958 could be applied as a strategy for mitigating the stress imposed by seawater irrigation in barley plants and, therefore, improving crop growth and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Badawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.K.)
| | - Modhi O. Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.O.A.); (M.S.O.); (A.H.H.)
| | - Amer M. Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.K.)
| | - Mahmoud S. Osman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.O.A.); (M.S.O.); (A.H.H.)
| | - Ahmed M. A. Khalil
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.K.)
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 41911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Saleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Afrah E. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr H. Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.O.A.); (M.S.O.); (A.H.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng W, Yang J, Ma Y, Xi Z, Ren Q, Wang S, Ning H. Aspirin and verapamil increase the sensitivity of Candida albicans to caspofungin under planktonic and biofilm conditions. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 24:32-39. [PMID: 33242673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of caspofungin (CAS) combined with aspirin (ASP) or verapamil (VPL) on the sensitivity of Candida albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions. METHODS A total of 39 C. albicans clinical strains were used to construct biofilms. Sensitivity to ASP or VPL combined with CAS was analysed by broth microdilution. MIC50 values were obtained and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated. Subsequently, C. albicans ZY22 was selected for time-growth curve analysis and strains ZY15 and ZY22 were used for time-kill curve analysis. RESULTS Under planktonic condition the MIC50 of CAS was 0.0313-8 μg/mL following treatment with CAS alone, whereas it decreased to 0.0313-4 μg/mL following CAS combined with ASP or VPL. Under biofilm condition the MIC50 of CAS was 0.125-16 μg/mL following treatment with CAS alone, whereas it decreased to 0.0625-16 μg/mL or 0.0625-8 μg/mL following CAS combined with ASP or VPL. FICI results showed synergistic interactions between CAS and ASP under planktonic and biofilm conditions in 17 and 16 strains, respectively. However, synergistic interactions between CAS and VPL under planktonic and biofilm conditions were observed in 19 and 23 strains, respectively. Additionally, 8000 μg/mL ASP or 8 μg/mL VPL combined with CAS had better inhibitory effects on C. albicans. CONCLUSION ASP and VPL may be a sensitiser for CAS, and the antifungal effects of CAS may be sensitised by 8000 μg/mL ASP or 8 μg/mL VPL against C. albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Feng
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xi
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiao Ren
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shaoyan Wang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huan Ning
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|