COLIA1 + 1245 G > T Sp1 Binding Site Polymorphism is Not Associated with ACL Injury Risks Among Indian Athletes

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Tendon/Ligament Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the association between genetic polymorphisms and tendon and ligament injuries in adolescent and adult athletes of multiple competition sports. The PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE databases were searched until July 7, 2023. Eligible articles included genetic studies on tendon and ligament injuries and comparisons between injured and non-injured athletes. This review included 31 articles, comprising 1,687 injury cases and 2,227 controls, from a meta-analysis of 12 articles. We identified 144 candidate gene polymorphisms (only single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified). The meta-analyses included vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) rs699947, collagen type I alpha 1 rs1800012, collagen type V alpha 1 rs12722, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 rs679620. The VEGFA rs699947 polymorphism showed a lower risk of injuries in athletes with the C allele ([C vs. A]: OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.98, I 2 =3.82%, p=0.03). The risk of these injuries were not affected by other polymorphisms. In conclusion, the VEGFA rs699947 polymorphism is associated with the risk of tendon and ligament injuries in athletes. This study provides insights into genetic variations that contribute to our understanding of the risk factors for such injuries in athletes.

Associations of collagen type 1 α1 gene polymorphisms and musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

Numerous studies have investigated the role of collagen type 1 α1 (COL1A1) polymorphisms in musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (MSTIs), yielding conflicting results. This study was designed to synthesize existing evidence and clarify the relationship between COL1A1 polymorphisms and MSTI susceptibility. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Wanfang databases. Associations were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) across five genetic models. Subgroup analyses were performed based on ethnicity and injury type. Additionally, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was utilized to assess information size and statistical power. We analyzed a total of 16 articles from 358 retrieved studies, encompassing 2094 MSTI cases and 4105 controls. Our pooled data revealed that individuals with the TT genotype of the rs1800012 polymorphism had a significantly reduced risk of MSTIs (TT vs. GG, OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.82, P = 0.004; TT vs. TG + GG, OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.36-0.80, P = 0.002). Ethnicity-based stratification showed a significant association in Caucasians but not Asians. However, no significant association was observed between the rs1107946 polymorphism and MSTIs, regardless of ethnicity or injury type. TSA indicated that the sample sizes may have been insufficient to yield conclusive results. In conclusion, our study supports the protective effect of the TT genotype of the rs1800012 polymorphism against MSTIs, particularly among Caucasians. However, the rs1107946 polymorphism does not appear to influence MSTI susceptibility.

Genome-Wide Association Screens for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears

BACKGROUND

The etiopathogenesis of ACL rupture is not clarified. The aim of this study is to identify genomic regions and genetic variants relevant to anterior cruciate ligament injury susceptibility that could be involved in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament ruptures.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with a PRISMA checklist and algorithm. A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases was conducted using combinations of the terms "anterior cruciate ligament", "ACL", "rupture", "genetics", "single nucleotide polymorphisms", and "SNP" since the inception of the databases until 2021.

RESULTS

Twenty-three studies were included. A total of 7724 patients were analyzed. In total, 3477 patients had ACL ruptures and 4247 patients were controls. Genetic variants in genes encoding for collagens, elastin, fibrillin, matrix metalloproteinases, proteoglycans, angiogenesis-associated signaling cascade proteins, growth differentiation factors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases, interleukins, and fibrinogen were analyzed.

CONCLUSION

Findings regarding the association between genes encoding for collagen (COL3A1, COL1A1, and COL12A1), aggrecan (ACAN), decorin (DCN), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), biglycan (BGN), fibrinogen (FGB), and ACL injuries were found to be inconclusive. Additional evidence is required in order to establish substantial conclusions regarding the association between genetic variants and ACL rupture.

Genetic Determinants of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Sport: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review

Anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACLIs) are one of the most common knee injuries in sports. Although numerous factors have been related to the risk of ACLIs, it is still unclear why some individuals are more susceptible than others due to the intricate etiology of ACLIs. Several genetic factors have been identified as contributing to ACLIs. This systematic review summarizes the current evidence regarding the genetic causes of ACLIs based on the available literature. Five electronic databases were searched from 2017 to 2022. All titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed in detail to determine the inclusions and exclusions. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The studies' characteristics and results are presented in both narrative and tabular formats. A total of 24 studies examined 31 genes and 62 variants associated with ACLIs in the global population. Ten studies investigated seven collagens and ten SNPs for the ACL injury. The majority of studies found no significant difference in the association of the COL1A1 rs1800012, COL5A1 rs12722, VEGFA rs1570360, IL6R rs2228145, IL6 rs1800795, IL1B rs16944 and rs1143627, however, contrary results were found when nationality and gender were considered together. Conflicting evidence was found for polymorphisms rs2010963, rs699947 of the VEGFA gene in different studies. Due to a lack of data, it was impossible to determine the relationship between the anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) and the other polymorphisms. More research is required to establish a clear relationship between the ACLR and genetic variants, particularly when gender and nationality are taken into account separately.

Effects of Genetic Variation on Endurance Performance, Muscle Strength, and Injury Susceptibility in Sports: A Systematic Review

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of genetic variations and polymorphisms on endurance performance, muscle strength and injury susceptibility in competitive sports. The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. The study quality was assessed using the RoBANS tool. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) human study in English or German; (2) published in the period 2015–2019; (3) investigation of an association between genetic variants and endurance performance and/or muscle strength and/or endurance/strength training status as well as ligament, tendon, or muscle injuries; (4) participants aged 18–60 years and national or international competition participation; (5) comparison with a control group. Nineteen studies and one replication study were identified. Results revealed that the IGF-1R 275124 A>C rs1464430 polymorphism was overrepresented in endurance trained athletes. Further, genotypes of PPARGC1A polymorphism correlated with performance in endurance exercise capacity tests in athletes. Moreover, the RR genotype of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, the C allele of IGF-1R polymorphism and the gene variant FTO T>A rs9939609 and/or their AA genotype were linked to muscle strength. In addition, gene variants of MCT1 (T1470A rs1049434) and ACVR1B (rs2854464) were also positively associated with strength athletes. Among others, the gene variants of the MMP group (rs591058 and rs679620) as well as the polymorphism COL5A1 rs13946 were associated with susceptibility to injuries of competitive athletes. Based on the identified gene variants, individualized training programs for injury prevention and optimization of athletic performance could be created for competitive athletes using gene profiling techniques.